slide bài giảng hệ diều hành chương 1 - uit
TRANSCRIPT
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01/2015Duy Phan
Chapter 1: Tng quan v h iu hnh
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2 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Mc tiu
Bit c h iu hnh l g
Bit c cc loi h iu hnh
Bit c lch s pht trin h iu hnh
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3 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Chun u ra ca bi hc
Hiu v pht biu li c cc khi nim c
bn v h iu hnh, v cc thnh phn ca h
iu hnh
Bit c s khc bit c bn gia cc loi h
iu hnh
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4 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Ni dung
Tng quan
Phn loi h iu hnh
Lch s pht trin h iu hnh
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5 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Tng quan
nh ngha h iu hnh
Cu trc h thng my tnh
Cc chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh
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6 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
nh ngha
Phn cng
H iu Hnh
Cc ng dng
Ngi dng
Chy ng dng abc trnphn cng XYZ
H iu hnh l g?
Chng trnh trung gian gia phn cng my tnh v ngi s dng, c chc nng iu khin v phi hp vic s dng phn cng v cung cp cc dch v c bn cho cc ng dng.
Mc tiu
Gip ngi dng d dng s dng h thng.
Qun l v cp pht ti nguyn h thng mt cch hiu qu.
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7 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
nh ngha (tt)
Hnh ca Dror G. Feitelson
Physical devices
Microprogramming
Machine language
Operating system
Compilers EditorsCommand
interpreter
Banking
system
Airline
reservationWeb browser Application programs
Hardware
System programs
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8 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Cu trc h thng my tnh
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9 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Cu trc h thng my tnh
Phn cng (hardware)
Bao gm cc ti nguyn c bn ca my tnh nh CPU, bnh, cc thit b I/O
H iu hnh (operating system)
Phn phi ti nguyn, iu khin v phi hp cc hot ngca cc chng trnh trong h thng.
Chng trnh ng dng (application programs)
S dng h thng ti nguyn gii quyt mt bi ton tnhton no ca ngi s dng.
V d: compilers, database systems, video games, business programs.
Users (people, machines, other computers)
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10 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Cc chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh
Phn chia thi gian x l v nh thi CPU
Phi hp v ng b hot ng gia cc processes (coordination & synchronization)
Qun l ti nguyn h thng (thit b I/O, b nh, file cha d liu,)
Thc hin v kim sot access control, protection
Duy tr s nht qun (integrity) ca h thng, kimsot li v phc hi h thng khi c li (error recovery)
Cung cp giao din lm vic cho users
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11 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Ni dung
Tng quan
Phn loi h iu hnh
Lch s pht trin h iu hnh
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12 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi h iu hnh
Di gc loi my tnh
H iu hnh dnh cho my MainFrame
H iu hnh dnh cho my Server
H iu hnh dnh cho my nhiu CPU
H iu hnh dnh cho my tnh c nhn (PC)
H iu hnh dnh cho my PDA (Embedded OS - h iu hnh nhng)
H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit
H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard)
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13 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi h iu hnh (tt)
Di gc s chng trnh c s dngcng lc
H iu hnh n nhim
H iu hnh a nhim
Di gc ngi dng (truy xut ti nguyncng lc)
Mt ngi dng
Nhiu ngi dng
Mng ngang hng
Mng c my ch: LAN, WAN,
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14 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Di gc hnh thc x l
H thng x l theo l
H thng n chng (uniprograming OS)
H thng a chng (multiprogramming OS)
H thng chia s thi gian
H thng song song
H thng phn tn
H thng x l thi gian thc
Phn loi h iu hnh (tt)
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15 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
H thng n chng
Tc v c thi hnh tun t.
B gim st thng trc
CPU v cc thao tc nhp xut:
X l offline
ng b ha cc thao tc bn ngoi Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line)
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l
Nhap XuatMay tnh
chnh
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16 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
H thng a chng
Nhiu cng vic c np ng
thi vo b nh chnh
Khi mt tin trnh thc hin I/O,
mt tin trnh khc c thc thi
Tn dng c thi gian rnh, tng
hiu sut s dng CPU (CPU
utilization)
Bo x ly Ket thuc tac vu
Tac vu I/O
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17 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
H thng a chng: yu cu i vi h iuhnh
nh thi cng vic (job scheduling): chn job
trong job pool trn a v np n vo b nh
thc thi.
Qun l b nh (memory management)
nh thi CPU (CPU scheduling)
Cp pht ti nguyn (a, my in,)
Bo v
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18 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
H iu hnh n chng
H iu hnh a chng
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19 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
H thng chia s thi gian
H thng a nhim (multitasking)
Lp lch CPU
Thi gian chuyn i gia cc tc v rt ngn
Bo x ly
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20 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
Yu cu i vi OS trong h thng time-sharing
nh thi cng vic (job scheduling)
Qun l b nh (memory management) Virtual memory
Qun l cc qu trnh (process management) nh thi CPU
ng b cc qu trnh (synchronization)
Giao tip gia cc qu trnh (process communication)
Trnh deadlock
Qun l h thng file, h thng lu tr
Cp pht hp l cc ti nguyn
Bo v (protection)
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21 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
H thng song song
Hai hoc nhiu b x l cng chia s mt b
nh.
Master/Slave : mt b x l chnh kim sot
mt s b x l I/O
Bo
x ly
Bo
x ly
Bo nh chnh
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22 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
H thng song song (parallel, multiprocessor, hay tightly-coupled system)
Nhiu CPU
Chia s computer bus, clock
u im
Nng xut h thng (System throughput): cng nhiuprocessor th cng nhanh xong cng vic
Multiprocessor system t tn km hn multiple single-processor system: v c th dng chung ti nguyn(a,)
tin cy: khi mt processor hng th cng vic ca nc chia s gia cc processor cn li
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23 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
Phn loi h thng song song
a x l i xng (symmetric multiprocessor)
Mi processor vn hnh mt bn sao h iu hnh gingnhau
Cc copy d liu cho nhau khi cn
(Windows NT, Solaris 5.0, Digital UNIX, OS/2, Linux)
a x l bt i xng (asymmetric multiprocessor)
Mi processor thc thi mt cng vic khc nhau
Master processor nh thi v phn cng vic cho cc slave processors
(SunOS 4.0)
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24 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
H thng phn tn
Mi processor c b nh ring, giao tip vi nhau qua
cc knh ni nh mng, bus tc cao
Ngi dng ch thy mt h thng n nht
Giao tiep mang
Bo x ly
Bo nh
He thong may tnh 1
Giao tiep mang
Bo x ly
Bo nh
He thong may tnh 2
Mang
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25 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
u im h thng phn tn (distributed system, loosely-coupled system)
Chia s ti nguyn (resource sharing)
Chia s sc mnh tnh ton (computational
sharing)
tin cy cao (high reliability)
sn sng cao (high availability): cc dch v
ca h thng c cung cp lin tc cho d mt
thnh phn hardware tr nn hng
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26 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
Cc m hnh h thng phn tn
Client-server
Server: cung cp dch v
Client: c th s dng dch v ca server
Peer-to-peer (P2P)
Cc peer (my tnh trong h thng) u nganghng nhau
Khng c c s d liu tp trung
Cc peer l t tr
V d: Gnutella
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27 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
H thng thi gian thc (real-time system) S dng trong cc thit b chuyn dng nh iu khin cc th
nghim khoa hc, iu khin trong y khoa, dy chuyn cng
nghip, thit b gia dng, qun s
Rng buc v thi gian: hard v soft real-time
Hard real-time
Hn ch (hoc khng c) b nh ph, tt c d liu nm trongb nh chnh (RAM hoc ROM)
Yu cu v thi gian p ng/x l rt nghim ngt, thng sdng trong iu khin cng nghip, robotics,
Soft real-time
Thng c dng trong lnh vc multimedia, virtual reality viyu cu mm do hn v thi gian p ng
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28 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)
H thng nhng
in thoi di ng (smartphone)
My tnh bng
c trng ca cc thit b ny
B nh nh (512 KB - 128 MB - 4GB)
Tc processor thp ( t tn pin)
Mn hnh hin th c kch thc nh
C th dng cc cng ngh kt ni nh IrDA, Bluetooth, wireless
C th c mt hoc nhiu cm bin khc nhau
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29 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Ni dung
Tng quan
Phn loi h iu hnh
Lch s pht trin h iu hnh
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30 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Lch s pht trin ca h iu hnh
Th h 1 (1945 - 1955)
Thit k, xy dng, lp trnh, thao tc: do 1 nhm
ngi
Lu trn phiu c l
Th h 2 (1955 - 1965)
Xut hin s phn cng cng vic
H thng s l theo l ra i, lu trn bng t
Hot ng di s iu khin c bit ca 1
chng trnh
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31 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
3. Lch s pht trin ca h iu hnh
Th h 3 (1965 - 1980)
Ra i h iu hnh, khi nim a chng
HH chia s thi gian nh CTSS ca MIT
MULTICS, UNIX
Th h 4 (1980)
Ra i my tnh c nhn, IBM PC
HH MS-DOS, MacOS (Apple Macintosh), MS Windows,
OS/1
Linux, QNX, HH mng,
31
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32 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Windows And Linux Evolution
Nhn Windows v Linux c da trn nhng nn tng pht trin t gia nhng nm 1970s
(see http://www.levenez.com for diagrams showing history of Windows & Unix)
1970 1980 1990 2000
1970 1980 1990 2000
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33 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Tng kt
nh ngha HH
Cc chc nng ca HH
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34 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Di gc loi my tnh
MainFrame
Server
CPU
My tnh c nhn (PC)
PDA (Embedded OS - h iu hnh nhng)
H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit
H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard)
Tng kt
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35 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Di gc h thng x l
H thng x l theo l
H thng chia s thi gian
H thng song song
H thng phn tn
H thng x l thi gian thc
Tng kt
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36 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Nu cu trc h thng my tnh?
HH c nhng chc nng chnh no?
Theo gc h thng x l, HH c phn
thnh my loi? K tn?
Nhng yu cu ca h iu hnh i vi h
thng chia s thi gian?
Cu hi n tp
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37 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy
Kt thc chng 1