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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
“…to every beast of the earth, to every bird of the air, and to everything that creeps on the earth,
in which there is life, I have given every green herb for food…”
Genesis 1:30
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
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8-1 Energy and Life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
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8-1 Energy and Life
Slide 4 of 20
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Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering CellsSources of energy
-Photosynthesis: The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
-Autotrophs: An organism that makes its own food.
-Heterotroph: An organism that cannot make its own food.
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8-1 Energy and Life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
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Slide 7 of 20
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Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
The two stages of photosynthesis
During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars.
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8-1 Energy and Life
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Chemical Energy and ATP
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Slide 9 of 20
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Stage 1: Capturing the sun’s energy
-Pigments: color chemicals that absorb light
-Chlorophyl main pigment in Chloroplasts
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8-1 Energy and Life
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Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Stage 2: Using Energy to make food
-Water
-Carbon Dioxide
-Stomata- small openings on the underside of leaves.
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8-1 Energy and Life
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Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
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Slide 14 of 20
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
The photosynthesis equation.
-6 Carbon Dioxide + 6Water +(energy)= a Sugar + 6Oxygen
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8-1 Energy and Life
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Observing Stomata
MaterialsLeafNail PolishTapeMicroscope SlideMicroscope
Procedure1.Paint a small section of the underside of a leaf with nail polish.
2. After it dries place a piece of tape over the area, pull and place specimen on slide.
3. Observe under the microscope and sketch what you see.
4. Clean Up
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Slide 16 of 20
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
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Slide 17 of 20
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
-
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
What is Respiration?-
Respiration: is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose.
Storing and releasing energy
-During photosynthesis, plants save the energy as sugar and carbohydrates.
-like savings account…
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Slide 19 of 20
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Breathing and respiration
1. Breathing
2. Cellular respiration
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8-1 Energy and Life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
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Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Two stages of Respiration
Stage 1: -In cytoplasm.-molecules of glucose breaks down into smaller molecules. -No oxygen involved. -Small amount of energy results.
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering CellsTwo stages of Respiration
Stage 2: -In Mitochondria. -Small molecules broken down to even smaller molecules.-Those chemical reactions require oxygen. -Produce lots of energy.
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8-1 Energy and Life
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The Respiration EquationThe Respiration Equation
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8-1 Energy and Life
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Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration
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8-1 Energy and Life
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8-1 Energy and Life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering CellsFermentation
-Provides energy for cells without using oxygen
-Alcoholic fermentation: yeast, alcohol is a product, and carbon dioxide.
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8-1 Energy and Life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering CellsFermentation
-Lactic acid fermentation: Human body, no oxygen.
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8-1 Energy and Life
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Cancer
-Cancer is a disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably,
-More than 100 types of cancer.
-Cancer is often named by the place it’s first found.
-Lung cancer is leading cause of cancer deaths in US
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8-1 Energy and Life
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How cancer begins
-Damage in a portion of DNA in a chromosome.
-Mutation: change in DNA
-Cancer begins when mutations disrupt the normal cell cycle.
-Tumor: a mass of abnormal cells that grows
uncontrollably
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How Cancer spreads
-Cells become more abnormal as they divide.
-Cancerous cells may break off and enter blood stream, thus spreading
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-Treating and preventing cancer
-Three common ways: Surgery, Radiation, and Drugs
-Surgery is usually best treatment if detected tumor before spreading
-Radiation is used if cancer spread or can’t be removed,
-Chemotherapy: use of drugs to treat disease, via blood stream
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-Preventing cancer.
-Avoid smoking, eat healthy, and protect skin from bright sunlight
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