slaughter

murder rape

bloodshed

hatred

destructiongenocide

GenocideGenocide

Last time we covered the Last time we covered the HolocaustHolocaust

Last time we covered the Last time we covered the HolocaustHolocaust

But there is moreBut there is more

The Holocaust is not the only The Holocaust is not the only act of genocide in the 20act of genocide in the 20thth century.century.

Lets look at a few others.Lets look at a few others.

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Armenia (1915-Armenia (1915-

1918)1918) The Armenian Genocide was The Armenian Genocide was

centrally planned and administered centrally planned and administered by the by the TurkishTurkish government against government against the entire Armenian population of the the entire Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire. It was carried out Ottoman Empire. It was carried out during WWI between the years 1915 during WWI between the years 1915 and 1918.and 1918.

Where is Armenia?Where is Armenia?

East of TurkeyEast of Turkey North of IranNorth of Iran

The Ottomans (Turks) felt that The Ottomans (Turks) felt that the Armenians were disloyal to the Armenians were disloyal to the government during WWI.the government during WWI.

The Ottomans (Turks) felt that The Ottomans (Turks) felt that the Armenians were disloyal to the Armenians were disloyal to the government during WWI.the government during WWI.

Why?Why?Why?Why?

How did they do it?How did they do it? First the Armenians in the army were disarmed, First the Armenians in the army were disarmed,

placed into labor battalions, and then killed. placed into labor battalions, and then killed. Then the Armenian political and intellectual Then the Armenian political and intellectual

leaders were rounded up on April 24, 1915, and leaders were rounded up on April 24, 1915, and then killed.then killed.

Armenian notables assembled for a photographimmediately prior to their execution in 1915

Finally, the remaining Armenians were Finally, the remaining Armenians were called from their homes and told they called from their homes and told they would be relocated. Instead they were would be relocated. Instead they were marched off to concentration camps in marched off to concentration camps in the desert where they would starve and the desert where they would starve and thirst to death in the burning sun.thirst to death in the burning sun. On On the march, often they would be denied the march, often they would be denied food and water, and many were food and water, and many were brutalized and killed by their "guards“.brutalized and killed by their "guards“.

Finally, the remaining Armenians were Finally, the remaining Armenians were called from their homes and told they called from their homes and told they would be relocated. Instead they were would be relocated. Instead they were marched off to concentration camps in marched off to concentration camps in the desert where they would starve and the desert where they would starve and thirst to death in the burning sun.thirst to death in the burning sun. On On the march, often they would be denied the march, often they would be denied food and water, and many were food and water, and many were brutalized and killed by their "guards“.brutalized and killed by their "guards“.

Then…Then…

The authorities in Trebizond, on the Black The authorities in Trebizond, on the Black Sea coast, did vary this routine: they loaded Sea coast, did vary this routine: they loaded Armenians on barges and sank them out at Armenians on barges and sank them out at sea.sea.

The authorities in Trebizond, on the Black The authorities in Trebizond, on the Black Sea coast, did vary this routine: they loaded Sea coast, did vary this routine: they loaded Armenians on barges and sank them out at Armenians on barges and sank them out at sea.sea.

How many Armenians were How many Armenians were lost?lost?

One and a half million Armenians were One and a half million Armenians were killed, out of a total of two and a half killed, out of a total of two and a half million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire.million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire.

Armenians in 1915

Armenians in 1918

Over 60% of population

killed

The remaining

lived in fear

1.5 million

1 million

Chapter 2- the HolocaustChapter 2- the Holocaust

Chapter 3- CambodiaChapter 3- Cambodia

Cambodia- Cambodia- 19751975 The Civil War in The Civil War in

Cambodia was Cambodia was coming to an coming to an end. end.

People were People were celebrating the celebrating the end of the end of the fighting.fighting.

But the worst was But the worst was about to begin.about to begin.

The The Khmer Khmer RougeRouge was in was in control.control.

The Cambodian Killing The Cambodian Killing FieldsFields

On April 17th, 1975 the Khmer Rouge, a On April 17th, 1975 the Khmer Rouge, a communist guerrilla group led by Pol Pot, communist guerrilla group led by Pol Pot, took power in Phnom Penh, the capital of took power in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. They forced all city dwellers Cambodia. They forced all city dwellers into the countryside and to labor camps. into the countryside and to labor camps. During their rule, it is estimated that During their rule, it is estimated that 2 2 million Cambodians died by starvation, million Cambodians died by starvation, torture or execution. 2 million Cambodians torture or execution. 2 million Cambodians represented approximately 30% of the represented approximately 30% of the Cambodian population during that time.Cambodian population during that time.

The Khmer Rouge turned Cambodia to The Khmer Rouge turned Cambodia to year zero. They banned year zero. They banned allall institutions, institutions, including stores, banks, hospitals, schools, including stores, banks, hospitals, schools, religion, and the family. Everyone was religion, and the family. Everyone was forced to work 12 - 14 hours a day, every forced to work 12 - 14 hours a day, every day. Children were separated from their day. Children were separated from their parents to work in mobile groups or as parents to work in mobile groups or as soldiers.soldiers.

The Khmer Rouge turned Cambodia to The Khmer Rouge turned Cambodia to year zero. They banned year zero. They banned allall institutions, institutions, including stores, banks, hospitals, schools, including stores, banks, hospitals, schools, religion, and the family. Everyone was religion, and the family. Everyone was forced to work 12 - 14 hours a day, every forced to work 12 - 14 hours a day, every day. Children were separated from their day. Children were separated from their parents to work in mobile groups or as parents to work in mobile groups or as soldiers.soldiers.

Ses Sos, a fisherman ordered to catch food for nearby Ses Sos, a fisherman ordered to catch food for nearby farming collectives, remembers seeing large boats laden farming collectives, remembers seeing large boats laden with people arrive almost every evening on Koh Phal's with people arrive almost every evening on Koh Phal's shore during the Khmer Rouge's four-year rule. shore during the Khmer Rouge's four-year rule.

The passengers -- were all dropped off at the island but no The passengers -- were all dropped off at the island but no one ever returned.one ever returned.

A First-hand accountA First-hand account

Who did they kill?Who did they kill?

Babies, children, adults and the elderly Babies, children, adults and the elderly were killed everywhere. The Khmer were killed everywhere. The Khmer Rouge killed people if they didn’t like Rouge killed people if they didn’t like them, if they didn’t work hard enough, them, if they didn’t work hard enough, if they were educated, if they came if they were educated, if they came from different ethnic groups, or if they from different ethnic groups, or if they showed sympathy when their family showed sympathy when their family members were taken away to be killed. members were taken away to be killed. All were killed without reason.All were killed without reason.

Babies, children, adults and the elderly Babies, children, adults and the elderly were killed everywhere. The Khmer were killed everywhere. The Khmer Rouge killed people if they didn’t like Rouge killed people if they didn’t like them, if they didn’t work hard enough, them, if they didn’t work hard enough, if they were educated, if they came if they were educated, if they came from different ethnic groups, or if they from different ethnic groups, or if they showed sympathy when their family showed sympathy when their family members were taken away to be killed. members were taken away to be killed. All were killed without reason.All were killed without reason.

How did it end?How did it end? After the Vietnamese invaded and After the Vietnamese invaded and

liberated the Cambodian people from the liberated the Cambodian people from the Khmer Rouge, 600,000 Cambodians fled to Khmer Rouge, 600,000 Cambodians fled to Thai border camps. Ten million landmines Thai border camps. Ten million landmines were left in the ground, one for every were left in the ground, one for every person in Cambodia. The United Nations person in Cambodia. The United Nations installed the largest peacekeeping mission installed the largest peacekeeping mission in the world in Cambodia in 1991 to ensure in the world in Cambodia in 1991 to ensure free and fair elections after the withdrawal free and fair elections after the withdrawal of the Vietnamese troops. Cambodia was of the Vietnamese troops. Cambodia was turned upside down during the Khmer turned upside down during the Khmer Rouge years and the country has the Rouge years and the country has the daunting task of healing physically, daunting task of healing physically, mentally and economically.mentally and economically.

After the Vietnamese invaded and After the Vietnamese invaded and liberated the Cambodian people from the liberated the Cambodian people from the Khmer Rouge, 600,000 Cambodians fled to Khmer Rouge, 600,000 Cambodians fled to Thai border camps. Ten million landmines Thai border camps. Ten million landmines were left in the ground, one for every were left in the ground, one for every person in Cambodia. The United Nations person in Cambodia. The United Nations installed the largest peacekeeping mission installed the largest peacekeeping mission in the world in Cambodia in 1991 to ensure in the world in Cambodia in 1991 to ensure free and fair elections after the withdrawal free and fair elections after the withdrawal of the Vietnamese troops. Cambodia was of the Vietnamese troops. Cambodia was turned upside down during the Khmer turned upside down during the Khmer Rouge years and the country has the Rouge years and the country has the daunting task of healing physically, daunting task of healing physically, mentally and economically.mentally and economically.

Chapter 4- Iraq and the Kurds- Chapter 4- Iraq and the Kurds- 1980’s1980’s

Iraq and the Iraq and the KurdsKurds- 1980’s- 1980’s The Kurdish The Kurdish

Genocide was Genocide was centrally planned centrally planned and administered and administered by the by the IraqiIraqi Government Government against the entire against the entire Kurdish population. Kurdish population.

The victims were The victims were chosen merely chosen merely because they were because they were Kurdish civilians. Kurdish civilians. Nothing else.Nothing else.

What happened?What happened? The Kurdish people were subjected to: The Kurdish people were subjected to:

Deportation- (banishment from country)Deportation- (banishment from country)

Expropriation- (Their things were taken away Expropriation- (Their things were taken away by the Iraqi’s and made their own.)by the Iraqi’s and made their own.)

Abduction, Torture, Massacre and Starvation.Abduction, Torture, Massacre and Starvation. The Iraqi government maintains that the The Iraqi government maintains that the

genocide in Kurdistan is justified by the genocide in Kurdistan is justified by the QuranQuran the Islamic Holy Book. the Islamic Holy Book.

SaddamSaddam Saddam Hussein's Iraq Saddam Hussein's Iraq

tried to wipe out its tried to wipe out its four million Kurds four million Kurds altogether: Some altogether: Some 300,000 Kurdish 300,000 Kurdish civilians "disappeared" civilians "disappeared" between 1983 and between 1983 and 1987. Then Iraq 1987. Then Iraq launched a religious launched a religious war against them war against them (complete with (complete with chemical weapons), chemical weapons), razing 4,000 villages razing 4,000 villages and killing another and killing another 100,000 Kurds.100,000 Kurds.

Chapter 5- Bosnia- 1990’sChapter 5- Bosnia- 1990’s

1990’s – It happens again in 1990’s – It happens again in BosniaBosnia

Genocide is the planned and direct Genocide is the planned and direct consequence of conscious policy consequence of conscious policy decisions made by the Serbian decisions made by the Serbian establishment in Serbia and Bosnia-establishment in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Its policies were carried Herzegovina. Its policies were carried out in a deliberate and systematic out in a deliberate and systematic manner as part of a broader strategy manner as part of a broader strategy intended to achieve a defined intended to achieve a defined political objective—the creation of an political objective—the creation of an expanded, expanded, ethnically pureethnically pure Greater Greater Serbia Serbia These words

should always scare you!

Where is Bosnia?Where is Bosnia?

After the fall of After the fall of communism…communism…

Bosnia (a region in Bosnia (a region in YugoslaviaYugoslavia) wants ) wants to become an to become an independent nation.independent nation.

Serbia and Serbia and Slobodan Milosevic Slobodan Milosevic want to preserve a want to preserve a unified Yugoslavia, unified Yugoslavia, dominated by dominated by Serbia.Serbia.

Yugoslavia must stay together and I will be your leader.

Serbia attacksSerbia attacks

The Serbs siege Sarajevo The Serbs siege Sarajevo (major city in Bosnia)(major city in Bosnia)

Ethnic cleansing begins.Ethnic cleansing begins.They want the removal of all They want the removal of all

non-Serbsnon-Serbs In the end 300,000 would die.In the end 300,000 would die.

We won't waste our bullets We won't waste our bullets on them," a guard at on them," a guard at

Omarska, which the Serbs Omarska, which the Serbs set up in a former open-pit set up in a former open-pit

iron mine, told a United iron mine, told a United Nations representative in Nations representative in mid-1992. "They have no mid-1992. "They have no

roof. There is sun and rain, roof. There is sun and rain, cold nights, and beatings two cold nights, and beatings two

times a day. We give them times a day. We give them no food and no water. They no food and no water. They

will starve like animals." will starve like animals."

It ends in 1995It ends in 1995

Peace treaty signed in Peace treaty signed in Dayton, Ohio in Dayton, Ohio in November 1995. November 1995.

This is called the Dayton This is called the Dayton Accords!!Accords!!

Chapter 6- Rwanda- 1994Chapter 6- Rwanda- 1994

Where is Rwanda? (1994)Where is Rwanda? (1994)

1918- Under the Treaty of Versailles the former German colony of Rwanda is made a League of Nations protectorate to be governed by Belgium.•One group were held by these Europeans to be racially superior: taller, slimmer and allegedly more intelligent, they are called the Tutsi’s.

BackgroundBackground

What happened?What happened? Rwanda has two ethnic groups (majority) Rwanda has two ethnic groups (majority)

HutusHutus and (minority) and (minority) TutsiTutsi. T. The upper class of Rwanda were Tutsi, the ordinary population Hutu.

A plane crashed in 1994 which was carrying A plane crashed in 1994 which was carrying the presidents of Rwanda and neighboring the presidents of Rwanda and neighboring Burundi.Burundi.

After this happened, the Hutus turned on After this happened, the Hutus turned on the Tutsi.the Tutsi.

The aim of the “new” Rwanda government, who encouraged it, was to eliminate all Tutsis from the country.

How many?How many?

Almost a million men, women and Almost a million men, women and children were killed. Machetes and children were killed. Machetes and nail-studded clubs were the weapons nail-studded clubs were the weapons of choice.of choice.

2 million were turned into refugees.2 million were turned into refugees. Why? – Because they were Tutsi’s and Why? – Because they were Tutsi’s and

the Hutu’s did not believe that Tutsi’s the Hutu’s did not believe that Tutsi’s were superior. were superior.

We are dealing with 80 years of pent We are dealing with 80 years of pent up hatred. up hatred.

What happened in What happened in 100 100 daysdays??

The Tutsi’s were hacked to death with machetes and nail-studded clubs.

They were shot dead with guns. They were beaten, tortured, abused and left to die.

Many of the women and girls who were not killed were forcibly and violently sexually assaulted by HIV+ men as part of a systematic rape campaign which used the deadly potency of the AIDS virus as a tool of slow death.

11% percent of all Tutsi women were 11% percent of all Tutsi women were raped during these 100 days. raped during these 100 days.

67% of these women now have AIDS or 67% of these women now have AIDS or has diedhas died

500,000 people in Rwanda now have AIDS 500,000 people in Rwanda now have AIDS or the HIV virusor the HIV virus

200,000 orphans200,000 orphans

This man was a survivor of a nail-studded club.

Hutu’s dispose of dead Tutsi’s in the river. They believed that the Tutsi’s should never have been in Rwanda and the river will take them back to where they belong.

Hutu’s dispose of dead Tutsi’s in the river. They believed that the Tutsi’s should never have been in Rwanda and the river will take them back to where they belong.

What to do?What to do?

We always say “Never Again.”We always say “Never Again.” But since the horrors of the But since the horrors of the

Holocaust were revealed many years Holocaust were revealed many years ago, one American president after ago, one American president after another has pledged never to let a another has pledged never to let a mass murder of civilians occur again.mass murder of civilians occur again.

Yet, they doYet, they do

1915- Armenia – 1.5 million1915- Armenia – 1.5 million 1940’s- Holocaust- 1940’s- Holocaust- 5.6-5.95.6-5.9 million million 1970’s- Cambodia- 1.7 million1970’s- Cambodia- 1.7 million 1980’s- Iraq- 500,0001980’s- Iraq- 500,000 1990’s- Bosnia- 300,0001990’s- Bosnia- 300,000 1994- Rwanda- 1 million1994- Rwanda- 1 million

U.S. (un)involvementU.S. (un)involvement

All of these horrors proceeded All of these horrors proceeded with little or no American action.with little or no American action.

A lesson to learnA lesson to learn

The lesson of each genocide is the The lesson of each genocide is the same: The killing really takes off same: The killing really takes off only after the murderers see that the only after the murderers see that the world, and especially the United world, and especially the United States, is not going to care or react.”States, is not going to care or react.”

--R. Holbrooke (former U.S. --R. Holbrooke (former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations)ambassador to the United Nations)

Why is the U.S. hesitant to Why is the U.S. hesitant to help other countries in help other countries in

need?need?

The U.S. is reluctant to enter into other countries problems because it is costly in terms of American soldiers lost and taxpayer money.But we cannot forget the past, or we will be doomed to repeat it.The world as a whole must step up!

The U.S. is reluctant to enter into other countries problems because it is costly in terms of American soldiers lost and taxpayer money.But we cannot forget the past, or we will be doomed to repeat it.The world as a whole must step up!

If we would have learned fromthe Armenian genocide in 1915…

We wouldn’t be dealing with genocide today.Or would we?

Can we stop genocide?

StandardsStandards

Analyze the consequences Analyze the consequences of WWII including:of WWII including:

a. Atomic weaponsa. Atomic weaponsb. Civilian and military b. Civilian and military

loseslosesc. The Holocaust and its c. The Holocaust and its

impactimpactd. Refugees and povertyd. Refugees and poverty

e. The United Nationse. The United Nations

Analyze the results of Analyze the results of political, economic and political, economic and

social oppression and the social oppression and the violation of human rights violation of human rights

including:including:a. The exploitation of a. The exploitation of

indigenous peopleindigenous peopleb. the Holocaust and b. the Holocaust and other acts of genocideother acts of genocide