Skull video https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Nc5IRj3OJhE&list=PL6098E914B07DED08

The Vertebral Column 24 single vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs

7 cervical vertebrae in neck 12 thoracic vertebrae in chest region 5 lumbar vertebrae in lower back

The Vertebral Column 9 vertebrae fuse to form 2 composite bones

Sacrum Coccyx

Intervertebral Discs Pads of flexible fibrocartilage

What happens as you age?

The Vertebral Column

The Vertebral Column Primary curvatures of the

thoracic and sacral regions

Present from birth

Secondary curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions

Develop after birth

The Vertebral Column

The Vertebral Column

A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View

• Atlas (C1) has no body

• Large depressions for skull to rest on

• “YES”

• Axis (C2) as pivot to rotate axis

• Upright process called Dens

• “NO”

C3-C7• Small

• Light

• Anteater

T1-T12• Ribs

• Body shapedlike heat

• Giraffe

L1-L5• Bodies big

and block like

• Sturdy

• Moose

Vertebral Column What is the major function of the vertebral column?

Vertebral Column Protection of spinal cord

Attachment of muscles (pelvic, pectoral girdles)

Balance body weight when walking and standing

The Bony Thorax Consists of three parts

Sternum Ribs

True ribs (pairs 1–7) False ribs (pairs 8–12) Floating ribs (pairs 11–12)

Thoracic vertebrae(T1-T12)

The Appendicular Skeleton

Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder) Clavicle—collarbone

Scapula—shoulder blade

Allow for exceptional free movement

Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)

Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)

Upper Limbs

Humerus

Forms the arm Single bone

Upper Limbs

Forearm (2 bones)

Ulna

Radius

Hands

Carpals (wrist) Metacarpals (palm) Phalanges (fingers)

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle Formed by two coxal (ossa coxae) bones

Composed of three pairs of fused bones Ilium Ischium Pubis

Total weight of body rests here

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

Gender differences