skull by: dr.yahya alfarra. skull defenition:it is the skeleton of the head * the skull is composed...
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Skull
BY: DR.Yahya Alfarra
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Skull • Defenition:it is the skeleton of the head
* The skull is composed of several separate bones united at immobile joints called sutures (line of fusion) note??
* Mandible is united to skull by mobile T.M.J Parts of the skull: The skull is divided into 2 parts 1- cranium OR skull cap 2- Facial skeleton.
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1- The cranium(skull cap):* The upper& post. Part which encloses the brain.• It consists of the following bones:
Frontal,parietal(2),occipital,temporal(2),sphenoidðmoid.
2- Facial bones:* it’s the ant. Part of skull which includes: A- upper fixed part. B- lower movable part(mandible)
* It consists of the following bones: Zygoamtic bone,maxillae,nasal,lacrimal,vomer,palatine,inf.
Conchae,mandible Total : 22 bones
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• For convinous of the description,the skull is
described from various aspect: 1- from sup. Aspect(or norma verticalis) 2- from ant. Aspect(or norma frontalis) 3- from lat. Aspect(or norma lateralis) 4- from post. Aspect(or norma
occipitalis) 5- from inf. Aspect(or norma basalis)
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1 -from sup. Aspect(or norma verticalis)
• Now we are going to describe sup. Aspect
of skull or norma verticalis:
This superior aspect shows :
1- frontal bone- anteriorly
2- occipital bone-posteriorly
3- 2 parietal bone- inbetween(on the side)
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Coronal suture
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Lambdoidal suture
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2 -Ant. Aspect of skull(norma frontalis)
• The ant. Aspect shows: - forehead - orbital cavity- Nasal cavity seperated by nasal
septum- Upper & lower jaw
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A- Forehead Anatomical features:• superciliary arches which are more prominent in
male than female.• nasofrontal suture • nasion• glabella• Note: in some cases the 2 halves of frontal bone
persist in adult and called metapoic suture.
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B- Orbital cavity it’s pyramidal in shape having abase open into
face & apex which it opens into cranial cavity.
The base of orbit have 4 margins
1- sup.
2- inf.
3-medial
4- lateral
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• sup. Orbital foramen which transmit supraorbital nerves&vesseles.
• the supratrochlear notch which transmit supraorbital nerves&vesseles.
• The inf. Orbital margin , it’s formed by maxilla medially& zygomatic bone laterally
• infraorbital foramen which transmit infraorbital N.&V.
• lacrimal fossa• Note: the cavity of orbit has a roof , floor ,medial
wall & lateral wall.• Optic canal
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• Inf. Orbital fissure communicate orbit with both infratemporal fossa & pterygopalatine fossa , it transmits continuation max. N. which is called infratemporal N. & branch of maxillary A. which is called infratemporal A.
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C- Nasal bone:
* 2 nasal bones seperated by nasal septum
*This is ant. Nasal spine
*This is canine eminence : projection produced by root of canine tooth
* Canine fossa :
* Incissive fossa :
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D- Maxilla *It’s enclose with maxillary air sinus to form upper jaw*The process with carry teeth it called alv. Process *The process which formed part of hard palate is called
palatine process.
Zygoamtic bone:It’s articulate with zygomatic process of temporal bone to
form zygomatic arch which lies in lateral aspect of skull.
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