skull and vertebrae

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SKULL AND VERTEBRAE ROLL NO :21-25 BPth 1

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a brief description about the bones of SKULL AND VERTEBRAE

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Page 1: Skull and vertebrae

SKULL AND VERTEBRAE

ROLL NO :21-25BPth 1

Page 2: Skull and vertebrae

AXIAL SKELETON

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WHAT IS THE

SKULL?

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The skull is a bony structure in the head of most vertebrates (in particular, craniates) that supports the structures of the face and forms a protective cavity for the brain.

Adult human skull

SKULL

NEUROCRANIUM VISCEROCRANIUM(brainy case) (facial skeleton)

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SUPPORTMOVEMENTPROTECTION

FUNCTIONS

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CRANIAL BONES 8 IN NUMBER.

FACIAL BONES

14 IN NUMBER.2. BACKSIDE OF THE

HEAD.

3. ALL IMMOVABLE JOINTS.

2. FORMS THE FACE.

3. MAXILLA MOVABLE.

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Page 8: Skull and vertebrae

Encloses the brain in the cavity.

Provide sites of attachment for head and neck muscles.

Provides support.

FUNCTIONS OF CRANIAL BONES

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Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone

CRANIAL BONES

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Page 11: Skull and vertebrae

Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone

CRANIAL BONES

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Page 13: Skull and vertebrae

Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone

CRANIAL BONES

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Page 15: Skull and vertebrae

Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone

CRANIAL BONES

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Page 17: Skull and vertebrae

Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone

CRANIAL BONES

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Page 19: Skull and vertebrae

Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone

CRANIAL BONES

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Ethimoid

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Sutures are immovable interlocking joints that join skull bones together.

FONTANELLES: Soft regions of connective tissue holding bones

together at birth Permits brain growth and entry into birth canal Normally replaced by bone by about 1 year of age.

SUTURES

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CORONAL SUTURE SQUAMOUSAL SUTURE LAMBOIDAL SUTURE SAGITTAL SUTURE

SUTURES

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Forms the framework of face Cavities for special sense organs

of sight, taste and smell Openings for air and food

passage Sites of attachment for teeth and

muscles of facial expression

FUNCTION OF FACIAL BONES

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Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)

FACIAL BONES

Page 25: Skull and vertebrae
Page 26: Skull and vertebrae

Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)

FACIAL BONES

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Page 28: Skull and vertebrae

Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)

FACIAL BONES

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Page 30: Skull and vertebrae

Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)

FACIAL BONES

Page 31: Skull and vertebrae
Page 32: Skull and vertebrae

Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)

FACIAL BONES

Page 33: Skull and vertebrae
Page 34: Skull and vertebrae

Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)

FACIAL BONES

Page 35: Skull and vertebrae
Page 36: Skull and vertebrae

Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)

FACIAL BONES

Page 37: Skull and vertebrae
Page 38: Skull and vertebrae

Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)

FACIAL BONES

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Page 40: Skull and vertebrae

EAR OSSICLES – MALLEUS, INCUS AND THE STAPES.

STAPES THE SMALLEST BONE AIDES IN HEARING ALL MOVABLE CONDUCTS VIBRATION

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• Mucus lined, hollow, air-filled portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity

• Mucoase of sinus help to warm and humidify inspired air

PARANASAL SINUSES

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The only bone that does not articulate with another bone

Anchored by narrow stylohyoid ligaments to syloid process of temporal bone.

Serves as a moveable base for the tongue

HYOID BONE

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VERTEBRA[ COLUMN

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The human vertebral column is the backbone or spine, consisting of twenty-four articulating vertebrae, and nine fused vertebrae in the sacrum and the coccyx. The vertebrae in the column are separated from each other by inter vertebral discs. It houses and protects the spinal cord in its spinal canal.

The human vertebral column has a double ‘s’ shaped curvature to provide shape and support to the body.

DEFINATION

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Page 46: Skull and vertebrae

CERVICAL

COCCYGEAL

THORACIC SACRAL

LUMBAR

Types of vertebrae

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A TYPICAL VERTEBRAE

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 Numbered top-to-bottom from C1-C7, atlas (C1) and axis (C2), are the vertebrae that allow the neck and head so much movement.

The atlanto-occipital joint allows the head to nod up and down on the vertebral column. Hence the yes joint.

 the atlanto-axial jointallows the upper neck to twist left and right. Hence the no joint.

ATLAS AND AXIS

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Clinical significance includes a lot of diseases which are:

1. Spondylolisthesis

2. Kyphosis

3. Lordosis

4. Scoliosis

Cervical headaces which can be effectively treated by PHYSIOTHERAPY…

Clinical significance

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Spondylolisthesis is the forward displacement of a vertebra, especially the fifth lumbar vertebra, most commonly occurring after a break or fracture. Backward displacement is referred to as retrolisthesis

SPOndylolisthesis

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Kyphosis is an exaggerated kyphotic (concave) curvature in the thoracic region, also called hyperkyphosis.This produces the so-called "humpback" or "dowager's hump", a condition commonly resulting from osteoporosis.

kyphosis

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The term lordosis refers to the normal inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine.Excessive or hyperlordosis can happen and lumbar hyperlordosis is commonly referred to as swayback or saddle back, a term that originates from the similar condition that

arises in some horses. 

lordosis

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Scoliosis, lateral curvature, is the most common abnormal curvature, occurring in 0.5% of the population. It is more common among females and may result from unequal growth of the two sides of one or more vertebrae, so that they do not fuse properly.

scoliosis

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An interesting innovation..!!• In March 2013, for the first time in history, researchers replaced 75 percent of an injured patient's skull with a precision 3D-printed polymer replacement implant.

• In March 2014, it was announced that a similar skull replacement had been performed successfully on a Dutch woman three months ago.

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How do the Forensic Doctors Reconstruct a face using a skull?????????????????Phrenology

Use of metric and non-metric traits to estimate what the bearer of the skull looked like..

Remoulding the face with the help of the skull bones.

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By…

NIDA SHAIKH

VIPASHA MEHTA

HASTI VOHRA

MEGHNA BIYANI SUSAN JOSE

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