SKIN CANCERSKIN CANCERFriska Silitonga

Sonya Elisabeth Siki

Triana Martalia

Friska Silitonga

Sonya Elisabeth Siki

Triana Martalia

OVERVIEW

Skin cancer is the most common of all human cancers Skin cancer may develop from the epidermis, sebaceous

or sweat glands, melanocytes, and mesodermal tissue The most common warning sign of skin cancer is a

change in the appearance of the skin, such as a new growth or a sore that will not heal.

As the cells multiply, they form a mass called a tumor. Tumors of the skin are often referred to as lesions.

Tumors are cancerous only if they are malignant. Tumors may also travel to remote organs via the

bloodstream or lymphatic system.  Tumors overwhelm surrounding tissues by invading

their space and taking the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive and function.

TYPE OF LESIONS:1. KERATOSIS

It refers to any cornification or growth of the horny layer of the skin.

EXAMPLES OF KERATOSES

type of lesion

Etiology Appearance Treatment

Corns Pressure, ill-fitting shoes

Center core that thickens in wardly, pain with pressure, usually occurs on toes

Felt pad with center hole to relive pressure, properly fitting shoes

callus Constant pressure on plantar surface of foot

Thickening or horny layer of skin

Relief of pressure, regular massage with softening lotion or creams

Seborrheic keratoses

Normal aging process, distinguish from actinic keratoses

Large, darkened, grasy warts, less often on scalp

Removed by curretage, electrodesiccation, liquid nitrogen

Dermatosis papula nigra

Seborrheic keratoses in African-americans

Small, pedunculated, heavily pigmented

Same ad seborrheic keratoses

Actinic keratoses Chronnix exposure to solar irradiation

Round or irregular, red-brown to gray in color with dry, scaly appearance

Protective clothing, sunscreens; renoval by curettage

2. PREMALIGNANT LESIONS

Skin lesions that may involve into a malignant state include actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, leukoplakia, Bowen’s disease, and atypical nevi or moles.

The term premalignant does not imply that all of thye lesions will become malignant, but that the tendency to become malignant exist

EXAMPLES OF PREMALIGNANT

Lesion Etiology Appearance TreatmentLeukoplakia Unknown causes and

external irritants suc as poor-fitting dentures, cheek biting, and pipe and cigarrete smoking

Mucous membranes develop thickened, white patches of keratinized cells, erythroplakia of the mouth

Prevention by removal of causative factors; inspection of the mouth; dental care; surgically

Bowen’s disease Chemical carsinogens, light-skinned men

Widely distributed, sharply demarcated brown plaques

Surgical excision, cryotherapy, curretage, electrodesiccation, carbondioxode laser therapy

Pigmented nevi (moles)

Harmless, dysplastic, precancerous, cancerousDevelopment of a ring of new pigment around the baseDevelopment of uneven pigmentationSudden growthLoss of hairbleeding

Regardless of kin color; may be flat, raised, prominent, or hairy; color ranges from tan to black

Biopsy and excision of suspicious lesions

3. MALIGNANT LESIONSCancer Description Illustration

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Note the pearly translucency to fleshy color, tiny blood vessels on the surface, and sometime ulceration which can be characteristics. The key term is translucency.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Commonly presents as a red, crusted, or scaly patch or bump. Often a very rapid growing tumor.

Malignant Melanoma

The common appearance is an asymmetrical area, with an irregular border, color variation, and often greater than 6 mm diameter.

NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCERS

Lesion Etiology Appearance treatment

Basal cell carcinoma Unknown; most common malignant tumor affecting light-skinned persons over age 40; primarily occurs over hairy areas that contain pilosebaceous follicles

Translucent appearance, color from flesh to pale pink with a few telangiectatic vessels across the surface. Rarely metastatic if treated

Treatment depends on site and extent of tumor: surgical excision or Moh’s micrographic surgery, curretage with electrodesiccation, irradiation, and chemosurgery

Squamous cell carcinoma

Unknown; may arise from actinic keratoses, Bowen’s disease, or leukoplakia

Indurated and surrounded by an inflammantory base

Removal by surgical excision or Moh’s micrographic surgery

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

Is a tumor of the melanocytes, occuring on both sun-exposed and nonexposed skin surfaces.

Often develops from a pre existing pigmented mole or nevi, may arise from healthy skin.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Melanomas originate from melanocytes, which arise from the neural crest and migrate to the epidermis, uvea, meninges, and ectodermal mucosa. The melanocytes, which reside in the skin and produce a protective melanin, are contained within the basal layer of the epidermis, at the junction of the dermis and epidermis.

Melanomas may develop in or near a previously existing precursor lesion or in healthy-appearing skin. A malignant melanoma developing in healthy skin is said to arise de novo, without evidence of a precursor lesion. Many of these melanomas are induced by solar irradiation. Melanoma also may occur in unexposed areas of the skin, including the palms, soles, and perineum. Certain lesions are considered to be precursor lesions of melanoma, including the common acquired nevus, dysplastic nevus, congenital nevus, and cellular blue nevus.

COLLABORATIVE CARE MANAGEMENT

WATCH OUT 5 THINGS(WASPADAI 5 HAL)

1. Asymmetrical: tompel asymmetrical shape, the left and right are different.

2. Border: tompel suburb boundaries uneven and rough textured.

3. Color: tompel has color uneven.

4. Diameter: large tompel larger than the diameter of a pencil.

5. Evolution: tompel vary in terms of size, shape, or color.

PREVENTION

Avoiding sun exposure is too long Use sunscreen

Routine inspection