skin & body membranes chapter 4. facts about the skin called the integument: means covering....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Skin & Body Membranes
Chapter 4
![Page 2: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN
• Called the Integument: means covering.
• Covers entire body.
• Wt. Approximately 9 pounds.
• 7% of total body wt.
![Page 3: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Facts Cont.Every square centimeter of skincontains: -70cm of Blood Vessels-55cm of nerves (230 sensory receptors) -100 sweat glands-15 oil glands-1/2 million cells dying and are constantly being replaced.
![Page 4: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
I. Classification of Body Membranes
![Page 5: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A. Epithelial Membranes
• Epithelial sheet• Underlying layer of connective tissue
![Page 6: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1. Cutaneous Membrane
• Skin• Keratinizing stratified squamous
epithelium• Anchored by dense fibrous CT
![Page 7: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2. Mucous Membranes
• Epithelium varies• Underlying loose CT• Lines all cavities open to exterior
![Page 8: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3. Serous Membranes
• Layer of simple squamous• Layer of areolar CT• Lines body cavities closed to exterior• Made of two layers
– Parietal: lines cavity– Visceral: cover outside of organs in cavity
• Serous fluid in between layers• Decrease friction
![Page 9: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Figure 4.1 Classes of epithelial
membranes
![Page 10: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
B. Connective Tissue Membranes
• Synovial Membranes: soft areolar CT– No epithelial cells– Line fibrous capsules
surrounding joints– Provide smooth
surface & secrete lubricating fluid
![Page 11: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
II. Integumentary System
![Page 12: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A. Basic Skin Functions
• Mechanical Damage: keratin toughens cells– Pressure receptors alert nervous system to
possible damage
• Chemical damage: keratinized cells relatively impermeable– Pain receptors alert nervous system
![Page 13: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Bacterial Damage: secretions are acidic & inhibit bacteria– Phagocytes ingest foreign substances &
pathogens
• Ultraviolet radiation: melanin produced by melanocytes offer protection
• Thermal Damage: heat, cold, & pain receptors
• Desiccation: keratin in cells reduce evaporation
![Page 14: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Heat loss: activating sweat glands– Allowing blood to flush into skin capillary
beds
• Heat retention: reducing flow of blood into skin capillary beds
• Excretion of urea & uric acid in sweat• Modified cholesterol molecules in skin
converted to vitamin D by sunlight
![Page 15: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
B. Types of Nerve Endings
• Cutaneous sensory receptors - (exteroceptors) - respond to stimuli outside the body.–Meissners Corpuscles in
dermal papillae - sense gentle touch and feel in the skin
![Page 16: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
–Pacinian receptors - deeper dermis - deeper pressure
–Root Hair Plexuses - wind in the hair
–Bare nerve endings - sense cold, heat etc.
![Page 17: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
C. Structure of the Skin
• Most superficial: Epidermis• Second Layer: Dermis• Hypodermis: not actual skin but is
known as the fat layer of the skin.–Underneath the dermis–Mostly fat, insulate and absorb shock–Anchors skin to underlying structures
![Page 18: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Epidermis: 4 Cell types
![Page 20: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1. Keratinocytes: main structural cell…new epidermis every 35-45 days Produce Keratin: fibrous protein used
for protection.
2. Melanocytes: give skin color, accumulate on superficial side of keratinocytes.
3. Langerhans cells: macrophages of the immune system.
4. Merkel Cells: Combines• with nerve receptors to form • Merkel disc which is sensitive • to touch.
![Page 21: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
5 layers of Epidermis
(pg. 100 fig. 4.3)
1. Stratum Basale (Basal Layer) -Mostly young Keratinocytes,
-One cell layer thick
![Page 23: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2. Stratum Spinosum (Spiny Layer)- Mostly Langerhans cells that surround keratinocytes that are flat and prickly.-Keratinocytes in this layer contain tonofilaments:
-Thick bundles of tension fibers
![Page 24: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3. Stratum Granulosum (Granular
Layer) -3-5 Layers of Keratinocytes
-Tough Layer -Water resistant, to slow water loss from the body
![Page 25: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
4. Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer) -Only present in thick skin -Mainly 2-3 rows of Keratinocytes
![Page 26: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
5. Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) -Outermost layer, mostly dead
keratinocytes or keratin filled cells
-20-30 layers thick, thickest layer
- prevent abrasion and penetration
-Waterproofing from environment
-Protects deeper cells
![Page 27: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Dermis: 2nd Layer of Skin
• Hide of our skin• Richly supplied with nerves, blood & lymph
vessels.• Cell types are mostly macrophages &
fibroblasts.• House major portion of hair follicles, oil and
sweat glands.
![Page 28: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The dermis has 2 major layers
1. Papillary Layer: connect epidermis to dermis
- Contain the majority of blood vessels. - Form identifying finger and foot prints.
![Page 29: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2. Reticular Layer - 80% of the Dermis - Dense irregular connective
tissue - Form cleavage lines: skin
heals better when an incision is made along these lines.
![Page 30: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
- If overstretched such as in pregnancy, dermal tears form striae or sretchmarks.
- Blister: Separation of Epidermis from Dermis, fluid filled.
![Page 31: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
D. SKIN COLOR
3 PIGMENTS CONTRIBUTE TO SKIN COLOR
![Page 32: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1. MELANIN
-Color ranges: yellow - reddish brown - black
-More melanin the darker the color. Freckles and moles are local
accumulation of melanin. -Sun exacerbates melanin
buildup
![Page 33: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
2. CAROTENE
Color range: yellow - orange.
Found in certain plants: carrots, rich sources of Vitamin A.
Most found in the palms and soles.
![Page 34: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
3. HEMOGLOBIN• Color range: - Pale: caused
by lack of blood.• Yellow: caused by build up of
bile in the blood (Jaundice).• Blue: cyanosis, lack of oxygen• Pink: Normal hue
![Page 35: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
•Bronze: Addisons disease,
metallic appearance
•Blue: Lack of Oxygen (cyanosis).
•Redness: Erythema, blushing,
inflammation, or hypertension.
•Bruises: blood has escaped & clotted in tissue spaces
![Page 36: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
E. APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN
![Page 37: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1. HAIR AND HAIR FOLLICLES
- Hair (Pili): made of keratin
Shaft: projects from the skin Root: embedded in skin, depending on shape signifies, straight or curly hair.
- Hair pigment depends on melanocytes located in follicle
![Page 38: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
- Hair Follicles (pg. 105 fig. 4.7) - contains hair root - Nerve endings - Knot of capillaries: papilla,
to supply nutrients - Bundle of smooth muscle:
arrector pili: raiser of hair.
![Page 39: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
2. Distribution of Hair growth
Fine Vellus: fine body hair of children or females
Terminal hair: course scalp hair and eyebrows - grow in response to sex
hormones, the more testosterone the more terminal hair
![Page 41: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Alopecia: hair loss, as we get older new hairs do not replace old hairs as quickly.
Male patterned baldness: genetic and sex-influenced condition
![Page 42: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
3. Nails
Hard keratin
![Page 43: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
4. Sweat Glands
• sudoriferous glands• -Cover entire skin surface except for
nipples, and parts of external genitalia.• 2.5 million per person
![Page 44: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
08/02/98
Types of Sweat Glands
• Eccrine: most numerous– location: palms, soles of feet, forehead– secretion: sweat
• 99% water, salts, nitrogenous wastes• acidic pH 4-6
–purpose: temperature regulation– emotion induced sweating, we have no
control
![Page 45: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Apocrine: –Location: axillary, genital areas–Size: Larger than eccrine glands–Secretions: same as eccrine plus fatty
deposits and protein.• - Has foul odor when fats and
proteins are decomposed (body odor)
• -Begin to function at puberty
![Page 47: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
5. Sebaceous (oil) glands
• Location: all over the body except for palms and soles of feet.
• Secretion: Sebum, oily substance• Function: smooth and soften hair and
skin and slows water loss during dry weather.
• Acne: active inflammation of gland–Bacteria
![Page 48: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• Blocked duct: Whitehead is formed if this oxidizes and dries it
becomes a blackhead• Seborrhea: (Cradle Cap)
– in infants is over secretion of sebaceous glands
![Page 50: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
III. Homeostatic Imbalances
![Page 51: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
A. Burns
• Partial thickness burns - 1st and 2nd degree
• Full thickness burns - 3rd degree
![Page 52: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
1. Problem with burns
• Fluid and electrolyte imbalance• Shock• Infection
![Page 53: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
2. Treatment
• Dependent on percentage of burn calculated by the Rule of nines.– pg. 108 fig. 4.11
• Fluid and electrolyte replacement• Antibiotics• Supportive care• Debridment of eschar(burned skin)• Grafting
![Page 54: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
B. Skin Cancer
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma–most common, least malignant, slow
growth–Pearly edge–99% cure rate with early excision
![Page 56: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• In keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum• Scaly red papule (round elevated)• rapid growth, meets to lymph• Good cure rate if caught early and
radiation is followed through.
![Page 57: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
3. Malignant Melanoma
• CA of Melanocytes• Most dangerous• Accounts for about 5% of Skin CAs• Little chance of survival, better if caught
early• Tx is surgical excision with
chemotherapy
![Page 58: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Skin & Body Membranes Chapter 4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN Called the Integument: means covering. Covers entire body. Wt. Approximately 9 pounds. 7% of total](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c9c5503460f9495baf8/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
4. American Cancer Society
• ABCD rule for examination of skin CA
A - Asymmetry
B - Border irregularity
C - Colors different
D - Diameter is larger than 6mm (pencil eraser)