skeletal system skeleton, bones, joints, & connective tissues functions, anatomy, physiology,...
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
SKELETON, BONES, JOINTS, & CONNECTIVE TISSUES
FUNCTIONS, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY,SYSTEM CARE, INJURIES & ILLNESSES
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON1.provides framework on which muscles can act.
2.supports and protects vital internal organs.
FUNCTIONS OF THE BONE
1. principal storage center for essential body minerals i.e. calcium and phosphorus
2. manufactures body’s blood cells
TYPES OF BONESWhere are they found?
LONG BONES SHORT BONES
IRREGULAR BONES
FLAT BONES
Found in:Arms-
Legs-
Hands-Feet-
Found in:Wrists-Ankles-Digits-Tail Bone-
Found in:Mouth-Spine-
Found in:Cranium-
Thorax-
Pelvic Girdle-
PROBLEMS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Result from Poor Nutrition, Infection, Sport/ Recreational Mishap, Accidents, and/or Poor
Posture.
CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURESFracture: Any Kind of Break in the Bone
OPEN Fracture CLOSED Fracturea.k.a. COMPOUND a.k.a. SIMPLE-> causes a break ->does not break in the skin through the skin
-> can cause deformation in the
area of the break
TYPES OF FRACTURESHAIRLINE:
Always Simple, Break is Incomplete, Two parts of bone do not separate.
TRANSVERSE:Can be Simple or Compound, Break is completely through the bone, Can result from sharp blow or stress
COMMINUTED:Usually Compound; although it can be closedBone breaks into more than two piecesCommonly results from severe force
ILLNESSESDegenerative Disease: A breakdown of health over a period of time, a gradual
progression of illness.
OSTEOPOROSIS SCOLIOSIS *Degenerative in Nature *Lateral curvature of the Spine *Loss of bone mass as a result *Affects adolescents & pre-teens of the aging process. during growth spurts. *A condition in which bone density *Cause is usually unknown (idiopathic) decreases causing bones to *Can be exacerbated by poor posture, become brittle & easily fractured. back alignment issues, wearing *Women affected often hunch forward. bookbag over same shoulder repeatedly *Can be prevented by eating healthy *Good idea to eat diet high in Calcium. diet high in Calcium *Treatment depends on Severity: from *There is no cure. Exercises to back brace to surgery.
JOINTS
Where two or more bones come together.
Functions, Classifications, Types, Injuries & Illnesses
FUNCTIONS OF THE JOINTS
Provides protection to Vital Organs (fixed).
Provides movement to the skeleton (mobile).
Allows functionality to the body (mobile).
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
FIXED: Immobile; does not bend or allow movement; two or more bones fused together for organ protection
MOBILE: Movable; bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, nerves & blood vessels are all present
TYPES OF JOINTSHinge Joint
Two directional:Open & Closed
Ball & SocketJoint
Allows widest range of movement:
Backward, Forward,Sideways, Circular
Pivot JointTwo directional:
Left/ Right-or-
Up/ DownCan work together for circular motion
Elipsoidal JointMany bones working together to allow all movement except
pivotal/ upside-down
INJURIES TO THE JOINTS
DISLOCATION: *When bone slips out from its normal position at a joint *Not only affects bones involved, but also can injure cartilage & ligaments *Treatment includes visiting physician immediately or an ER Visit
replacing bones into proper position at the joint (popping it into place)immobilization of bones & muscles surrounding injured joint
SUBLUXATION: *Partial Dislocation *Not only affects bones involved, but also can injure cartilage & ligaments *Treatment includes visiting physician immediately or an ER Visit
replacing bones into proper position at the joint (popping it into place)immobilization of bones & muscles surrounding injured joint
TORN CARTILAGE: *Results from sharp blow or severe twisting of joint *Treatment includes visiting physician or a visit to the ER
arthroscopic surgery is most common way to repair torn cartilage
ILLNESSES TO THE JOINTSARTHRITIS:Inflammation of a joint resulting from wear & tear on the jointsCharacterized by pain, swelling, stiffness, & rednessMost common in older adultsNo Cure; although treatment of symptoms is available.
BUNIONS:Inflammation of a joint caused from ill fitting shoesCharacterized by pain, swelling, stiffness & redness where the big toe meets the ball of the foot; can displace alignment of the toeCan affect people at any age.Surgical procedures can remove bunion and repair toes alignment.
SKELETAL SYSTEM REVIEW1. What is the Importance of Skeletal System?2. What is the Importance of Bones?3. What does the bone do?4. How does the bone grow?5. How does a bone harden/ repair itself?6. What are the parts of the bone?7. What are the types of bone?8. Where does one find each type of bone?9. Three key ways to take care of the skeletal system.10. What body parts are found in a joint?11. If one breaks their bone, what can one determine by looking at the injured area?12. What does the victim of a broken bone need to rely on an x-ray for?13. What are the types of fractures?14. What are the classifications of joints?15. What is each type of joint do?/ Why is each important?16. Who suffers from Osteoporosis? Scoliosis? Arthritis?17. How can one tell the difference between a dislocation and a subluxation?18. The Axial Skeleton and the Appendicular Skeleton are different. How?19. What does a tendon do?20. What does a ligament do?