Skeletal SystemSkeletal SystemMrs. Schenfield Mrs. Schenfield

88thth Grade Grade

Life ScienceLife Science

5 Functions of the Skeletal 5 Functions of the Skeletal SystemSystem

1. Movement:1. Movement: Skeletal Skeletal system provides points system provides points of attachment for of attachment for muscles.muscles. Your legs and Your legs and arms move when the arms move when the muscles pull on the muscles pull on the bones.bones.

2. Support:2. Support: The backbone The backbone is the main support is the main support center for the upper center for the upper body. body. It holds your head It holds your head up and protects your up and protects your spinal cord.spinal cord.

Muscle attached to Muscle attached to bones!!bones!!

5 Functions of the Skeletal 5 Functions of the Skeletal SystemSystem

3. 3. Protection:Protection: The bones The bones of your skull protect of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and protect your lungs and heart from injury.heart from injury.

4. 4. Makes Blood:Makes Blood: Red Red and white blood cells and white blood cells are formed by tissue are formed by tissue called marrow,called marrow, which is which is in the center of the in the center of the bone.bone.

5 Functions of the Skeletal 5 Functions of the Skeletal SystemSystem

► 5. Storage: 5. Storage: Bones Bones store mineralsstore minerals, such , such as calcium and as calcium and phosphorus, for use phosphorus, for use by the bodyby the body

Two Major Skeletal System PartsTwo Major Skeletal System Parts

► Axial Skeleton: Axial Skeleton: The The axial skeleton includes axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs the skull, spine, ribs and sternum.and sternum.

► Appendicular Skeleton: Appendicular Skeleton:

The appendicular The appendicular skeleton includes skeleton includes the the appendages of the appendages of the body, which are the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.and legs.

Skeletal System BonesSkeletal System Bones

►Four basic bone shapesFour basic bone shapes 1. Long- arms, legs and fingers1. Long- arms, legs and fingers 2. Short- wrist and ankles2. Short- wrist and ankles 3. Flat- skull and sternum 3. Flat- skull and sternum 4. Irregular- spine4. Irregular- spine

Bone StructureBone StructureHyaline cartilage - covers the ends of the bones, stops them rubbing together and absorbs shock.Epiphysis- the ‘head’ of the bone.Cancellous bone - spongy bone that stores the red bone marrow; where blood cells are made.

Bone StructureBone Structure

Epiphyseal plate – the area where bones grow in length.Diaphysis - the shaft. Compact bone – hard, dense bone. It gives strength to the hollow part of the bone.

Bone StructureBone Structure

Periosteum – a protective layer where there is no hyaline cartilage. Ligaments and tendons attach to the periosteum.Medullary cavity/marrow cavity - contains the yellow bone marrow; where white blood cells are made.

Bones of the CraniumBones of the Cranium

► Some are thicker Some are thicker

than others!!!than others!!!

Cranium BonesCranium Bones

Frontal Bone

Occipital Bone

Temporal Bone

Parietal Bone

Parietal Bone

Maxilla and MandibleMaxilla and Mandible

Maxilla

Mandible

?

Clavicle or CollarboneClavicle or Collarbone

► The The clavicleclavicle, or , or collar bone, collar bone, holds holds the shoulder joint the shoulder joint away from the rest away from the rest of the upper bodyof the upper body and is only as thick and is only as thick as your little finger.as your little finger.

ScapulaScapula

► The The scapulascapula is is located on the back located on the back side of the ribcage side of the ribcage and helps provide and helps provide part of the shoulder part of the shoulder joint and movement joint and movement for the arms. for the arms.

Vertebral Column or Spinal CordVertebral Column or Spinal Cord

1) The 1) The cervical regioncervical region (neck (neck bones) bones) 

  

2) The 2) The thoracic regionthoracic region (what (what the ribs attach to)the ribs attach to)

3) The 3) The lumbar regionlumbar region (the (the

lower part of the back)lower part of the back)  

Coccyx and SacrumCoccyx and Sacrum

Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)

Radius and UlnaRadius and Ulna

►Radius on TopRadius on Top

►Ulna on BottomUlna on Bottom

Carpals or (Wrist Bones)Carpals or (Wrist Bones)

Metacarpals (Top of Hands)Metacarpals (Top of Hands)

Phalanges (Little Fingers)Phalanges (Little Fingers)

Rib CageRib Cage

Sternum (Breastbone)Sternum (Breastbone)

Pelvis (Dancing Bone)Pelvis (Dancing Bone)

FemurFemur (Largest Bone in the Body) (Largest Bone in the Body)

The Tibia and FibulaThe Tibia and Fibula

TarsalsTarsals

MetatarsalsMetatarsals

PhalangesPhalanges

CalcaneousCalcaneous

Skeletal System ReviewSkeletal System Review

My Videos\wholebodyskeleton.mov

Joints of the BodyJoints of the Body

►Ball and Socket Ball and Socket Joint:Joint: Round end of Round end of bone fitting snuggly bone fitting snuggly within another within another bonebone.. Ex. Shoulder and HipEx. Shoulder and Hip

Joints of the BodyJoints of the Body

►Hinge Joint:Hinge Joint: Movement at joint Movement at joint in one direction in one direction like like a door.a door. Ex. Knee and ElbowEx. Knee and Elbow

Joints of the BodyJoints of the Body

► Pivot Joint:Pivot Joint: Bone Bone resting atop another resting atop another bone permitting bone permitting free movement.free movement. Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ex. Neck, Wrist and

AnklesAnkles

Joints of the BodyJoints of the Body

► Fixed Immovable:Fixed Immovable: Joint does not moveJoint does not move Ex. SkullEx. Skull

►Gliding Joint:Gliding Joint: Bones slipping over Bones slipping over other bones with a other bones with a free flowing free flowing movement.movement. Ex. KnucklesEx. Knuckles

The Connectors of the BodyThe Connectors of the Body

► Ligaments:Ligaments: Connect bone to Connect bone to bonebone

The Connectors of the Body!!The Connectors of the Body!!

►Tendon:Tendon: Attaches muscles to bonesAttaches muscles to bones

The Connectors of the BodyThe Connectors of the Body

►Cartilage: It acts as a Cartilage: It acts as a cushion between cushion between bones at a jointbones at a joint and protects the and protects the bones.bones.

Problems of the Skeletal SystemProblems of the Skeletal System

► Fracture: Fracture: BreakBreak ►Dislocation: Dislocation: Out of Out of jointjoint

Types of FracturesTypes of Fractures

► Complete fracture-Complete fracture-break involving the entire width of the bone

► Incomplete fracture-Incomplete fracture-only a crack in the only a crack in the bonebone

Types of FracturesTypes of Fractures

► Comminuted Comminuted fracture-bone is fracture-bone is broken into several broken into several piecespieces

►Open fracture-Open fracture-broken bones is broken bones is open through the open through the skinskin

Problems of the Skeletal Problems of the Skeletal SystemSystem

► Sprain: Sprain: Swelling in Swelling in the jointthe joint

► Arthritis: Arthritis: Inflamed Inflamed and stiff jointsand stiff joints

Problems of the Skeletal Problems of the Skeletal System!!System!!

► Scoliosis: Scoliosis: Curvature Curvature of the spineof the spine

►Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis: Brittle Brittle bonesbones