skeletal system jacki malone, rn, bsn. review systems are made of…….. organs organs are made...
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FUNCTION OF BONES
1 Framework
Support of muscles, fat & skin
2. Protection
Surround vital organs to protect them (skull—brain, ribs—heart/lungs)
3. Levers
muscles attach to bones to provide movement
4. Production of white blood cell
help produce RBCs, WBCs & Platelets
5. Storage
Bones store most of the Calcium supply of the body
SKELETON---2 MAIN COMPONENTS
Axial Skeleton
Main Trunk
Skull, spine, ribs, breast bone
Appendicular skeleton
Extremities
Shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, leg bones
AXIAL SKELETON
Spinal bones
vertebrae
26 bones
protect spinal cord
support head and trunk
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
1 sacral
1 coccyx
AXIAL SKELETON
Sternum
breastbone
cage that protects the heart and lungs
12 ribs
clavicles—collar bones
scapula (x2)
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Arms:
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
carpals (wrist)
metacarpals (palm)
phalanges (fingers)
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Pelvic girdle
Two bones
join at sacrum in the back and symphysis pubis in front
difference between male and female
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Legs
Femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals (ankle)
metatarsals (instep)
phalanges (toes)
HOLDING IT ALL TOGETHER
Joints
Areas where two or more bones join together
Ligaments
connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at joints
DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
Arthritisinflammation of joints
Symptoms: joint pain, stiffness, aching, limited range of motion
rheumatoid—scar tissue, deformities
Tx: anti-inflamatories, rest, sometimes steroids, sometimes surgery
DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
Bursitis:
inflammation of the bursae (small, fluid filled sacs) around the joint
Symptoms: severe pain, limited ROM and fluid accumulation
Tx: pain medicine, injecting steroids, rest, aspiration, PT
DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
Sprain
Twisting action that tears ligaments
Sx: pain, swelling, bruising, limited ROM
Tx: RICE
(rest, ice, compression, elevation)
DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
Osteomyelitis
Bone inflammation
Infectious organisms cause abscesses
Abscessed=pus
Sx: pain at site, swelling, chills and fever
Tx: Antibiotics
DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
Fractures
a crack or break in a bone
Types:
greenstick simple/closed spiral
compound/openimpacted depressed
comminutedcolles
GREENSTICK FRACTURE
*Bone is bent and splits, causing a crack or incomplete break
common in children
COLLES FRACTURE
Breaking and dislocation of the distal radius
Causes characteristic bulge at the wrist
Caused by falling on an outstretched hand
OPEN/COMPOUND FRACTURE
Bone breaks and ruptures through the skin
Creates increased chance of infection
OPEN/COMPOUND FRACTURE
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