Skeletal System

General Facts

# of bones in the body: ???

206

Bones : many different shapes and sizes

General Facts: (continued)

• Framework

• Movement

• Storage of nutrients

• Protection

• Blood production

Spongy Bone

Medullary Canal

Bony LayerBone Shaft

Bone Shaft:

-area between the bone ends

Spongy Bone:-red marrow (bone marrow)-red marrow (bone marrow)

-make blood-make blood-absorbs shock-absorbs shock

Medullary Canal:

-yellow marrow (fat -yellow marrow (fat cells)cells)-stores nutrients-stores nutrients

Bony Layer:

-hard bone -hard bone materialmaterial-protection-protection

Periosteum:

-tough, living membrane on the -tough, living membrane on the outside of the bony layer.outside of the bony layer.-pinkish in color-pinkish in color-many capillaries-many capillaries

Skeletal Diagramcraniummaxilla

claviclemandible

scapulasternum

ribshumerus

radiusulna

carpalsmetacarpals

Phalanges/hand

vertebra

Skeletal Diagram

ilium

pubisischiumfemur

patella tibiafibula

tarsalsmetatarsals

Phalanges/feet

Skeletal System

• Cranium– Skull

– 8 fused bones

• Facial bones– Make up the face

– 14 fused bones

– 1 is moveable

Skeletal System

• Vertebra– Backbone– Cervical (7)(neck)– Thoracic (12)(upper/middle back)– Lumbar (5)(lower back)– Sacrum (5 fused together)– Cervix (4 fused together)

• tailbone

Skeletal System

• Shoulder– Clavicle, scapula, and humerus– Pectoral girdle

• Arm– Humerus – upper arm– Ulna – pinky side of the lower arm– Radius – thumb side of the lower arm

Skeletal System

• Hand– Carpals (8)

• Wrist bones

– Metacarpals (5)• Palm bones

– Phalanges of the hand (14)• fingers

Skeletal System

• Chest– Sternum

• Breastbone

• Xiphoid process

Skeletal System

– Ribs (12 pairs)• True Ribs (7 pairs)

–Individual cartilage attachment to the sternum

• False Ribs (3 pairs)–Shared cartilage attachment to the

sternum

• Floating Ribs (2 pairs)–No cartilage attachment to the sternum

Skeletal System

• Pelvic Girdle – Ilium - (Hip)

– Ischium - (“Sit on”)

– Pubis - (Pubic)

(Pelvis)

Skeletal System

• Leg– Femur - (thigh)

• Largest bone in the body

– Tibia - (shin)– Fibula - (behind the shin)

– Patella – (knee cap)• Protects the knee

Skeletal System

• Foot– Tarsals - (7) (ankle)

– Metatarsals - (5) (arch)

– Phalanges of the foot - (14) (toes)

Joints of the Body

• Ball and Socket– Freely moveable in almost any direction– Shoulder, hip

• Hinge Joint– Bends in one direction only– Knee, elbow, fingers

Joints of the Body

• Pivot– One bone rotating around another– Radius/Ulna, Cranium/Vertebra

• Gliding– One bone sliding next to one or more bones– Carpal, tarsals

Joints of the Body

• Partially moveable– Slight movement to allow bending and stability– Vertebra

• Immoveable– No movement, used for

protection– Cranium

Bone Problems

Bones and joints are under constant stress and sometimes are pushed beyond their capacity.

This can happen from one of three reasons:1.

2.

3.

Overuse

Improper Use

Impact from outside force

Bone Problems

Sports and car accidents are two leading causes of bone and joint injuries in young people.

What is a bone fracture?

There are 3 main types of fractures. Can you list and describe them?

1.

2.

3.

Greenstick

Simple

Compound

Broken bone

Bone Problems

Greenstick:

Simple:(closed)

Compound:(open)

Occurs in children – bend enough to break some of the bone fibers, but not the entire bone.

Partially or completely broken, but the skin is not pierced.

Broken bone pierces the skin – most serious because bone end is exposed to infections.

Bone ProblemsWhat is a callus?

Following a bone fracture the bone must heal. How does the bone do this?

Sticky substance from the blood that forms a bony deposit around the break site.

1. Inflammation

2. Callus

3. Periosteum deposits new bone cells

4. Callus hardens

Bone Problems

Different ways that doctors can treat bone fractures.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Casts

Pins, rods, screws, plates

Bone Surgery

Bone Grafts

Electrical Current (Low Level)

Bone Problems

What is the name of a bone and joint specialist? What do they do?

Orthopedist

Orthopedic Surgeon

Treats bone disorders

Sometimes include surgery

Joint Problems

Joint injuries do not directly affect the bone, but the tissue connecting two or more bones.

What is the name of the tissue that connects bone to bone?

The most common type of joint injury is the Describe this injury.

Name some common joints that have this injury?

Sprain.

Knee, fingers, ankle

Ligaments

Overstretching of the ligaments

Joint Problems

Another common injury is a dislocation. Describe this injury.

A common dislocation site is the

Another common injury is torn cartilage. Describe this injury.

A common site of torn cartilage is the

Severly stretched ligaments that allow the bone to be displaced.

shoulder.

Cartilage that helps cushion the joints is torn.

knee.

Joint Problems

What is bursitis?

The two common sites of bursitis are the

and

Inflammation of the bursa.

(Small liquid filled sac located near a joint.)

Shoulder Knee.

Joint Problems

What is a ruptured disc and where does it occur?

How can you strengthen your body to avoid a ruptured disc.

Cartilage disc between the vertebra have soft jelly-like centers. Under stressful back movements, the center rupture.

Exercise abdominal muscles

Lift with legs

Lose excess weight

Joint Problems

There are a few treatment options for the above injuries. Can you name a few?

1.

2.

3.

4.

What is arthroscopic surgery?

Rest

IceCompression

Elevation

The use of tiny instruments to repair tissue. This does not require large openings (incisions)

Skeletal System Disorders

What is Osteoporosis?

Who does it primarily affect?

What mineral does the body lack?

How can people prevent this disorder?

Gradual weakening of the bone

“Brittle Bone Disorder”

Adequate calcium, exercise

Males Females

Potassium Calcium Iron

Skeletal System Disorders

What is Scoliosis?

Which part of the skeletal system is this disorder affecting?

How is this disorder treated?

“S” curve to the vertebra

Special braces, surgery

Vertebra