Skeletal System

Classification of Bone:

• Bones vary in shape and size

• The unique shape of each bone fulfills a particular need

• Bones are classified by their shape as long, short, flat, or irregular bone

Classification of Bones

Long Bone• Long bones have a

long shaft and two distinct ends

• Classification is based on shape not size

• Example of this is the humerus

Short Bones

• Short bones are roughly cubelike

• Short bones are often the carpal and tarsal bones

Flat Bones

• Flat bones are thin, flattened and usually curved

• Skull, sternum and ribs are examples

Irregular Bone• Irregular bones don’t fit

into the previous categories

• Irregular bones have complicated shapes

• Examples are the hip bones and vertebrae

Lower Body Bones

• Spine – Vertabrae , Sacrum, Coccyx

• Hand – Carpals, Metacarpals,and Phalanges

• Leg - Femur, Tibia, Patella and Fibula

• Foot - Tarsals, Metatarsals and Phalanges.

Spine – Vertabrae , Sacrum, Coccyx

• The spine, also known as the backbone or vertebral column, consists of a long chain of 33 bones each individually known as a vertebrae.

• The main functions of the vertebral bones are for structure and protection of the spinal cord.

• The spine is separated into 4 curves, the cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve, sacral and/or pelvic curve.

• The coccyx is referred to as the tailbone, as scientist believe it is the remainder of a tail.

Anatomy of the Spine

Hand – Carpals, Metacarpal Phalanges

• The skeleton of the wrist consists of eight small carpal bones that are firmly bound in two rows of four bones each.

• The metacarpals make up the knuckles of the hand.

• The phalanges are the small bones that make up the skeleton of the fingers, thumb and toes. Each finger and smaller toe has three phalanges; the thumb and big toe each have two.

Anatomy of the Hand

Leg – Femur and Tibia

• The femur is the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body.

• The lower end joins the tibia (shin) to form the knee joint.

• The upper end is rounded into a ball (or "head" of the femur) that fits into a socket in the pelvis to form the hip joint.

• The neck of the femur gives the hip joint a wide range of movement, but it is a point of weakness and a common site of fracture.

Leg - Patella, Fibula

• The fibula is the long and slender bone beside the tibia.

• The fibula is the outer and thinner of the two long bones of the lower leg.

• Its main function is to provide attachment for muscles. It doesn't give much support or strength to the leg.

• The patella is the knee cap.

• The patella is a thick, circular-triangular bone, which connects with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint.

Anatomy of the Leg

Foot - Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

• The ankle is composed of seven tarsal bones.

• The metatarsal bones are a set of five bones in the foot, which connect with the ankle joint and the toes. The ligaments, which surround these bones typically hold them in an arch-like shape, which comprises the arch of the foot.

• The metatarsals are equivalent to the metacarpal bones of the hand. Both sets of bones serve important functions in the body, providing balance, stability, and functionality.

• The phalanges are the small bones that make up the skeleton of the fingers, thumb and toes. Each finger and smaller toe has three phalanges; the thumb and big toe each have two.

Anatomy of the Foot

Dem BONES