SKELETAL SKELETAL SYSTEMSYSTEM

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Provide framework for the body

Protect & support the internal organs

Joints help to provide for body movement

Calcium is stored in bones

Red bone marrow helps

form blood.

FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEMSYSTEM

The skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and bursa

Bones are made of connective tissue.

Bone is almost the hardest tissue in the body

SKELETAL SYSTEM SKELETAL SYSTEM COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

The Structure of Bones The Structure of Bones Bones are made up of tissue, bone

marrow, and cartilage (Figure 3.1, p. 39) www.taleghanihospital.ir/.../BMT/BoneMarrow.gif

Tissues includeTissues include: See Table 3.1 (p. 38)Peri /oste /um – outermost covering of boneCompact bone – strong outer layer of boneSpongy bone – found inside and at the ends

of bones; red bone marrow located hereMedullary Cavity – shaft of long bone,

surrounded by compact bone; contains yellow bone marrow

STRUCTURE OF BONESSTRUCTURE OF BONES

STRUCTURE OF BONES STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’D.CONT’D.

Bone MarrowBone MarrowRed bone marrow – located within spongy

bone, manufactures products that help form blood cells.

Yellow bone marrow – located in medullary cavity; made of fat cells, serves as fat storage area

CartilageCartilageSmooth rubbery substance that acts as a

shock absorber between bonesArticular cartilage – covers surface

of bones that form joints www.straightfromthedoc.com/50226711/knee.jpg

Meniscus – rounded cartilage (ex. knee)

STRUCTURE OF BONES STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’DCONT’D.Anatomical Landmarks of a BoneAnatomical Landmarks of a BoneDiaphysis – shaft of long bone

Epiphysis – wide end of long bone

Proximal epiphysis – end of bone closest to midline of body

Distal epiphysis – end of bone farthest from midline of body

Foramen – opening in a bone for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments

Process – projection on the surface of a bone that serves as attachments for muscles and tendons

JointsJoints – connections between bonesTypes of JointsTypes of Joints

Suture – forms a joint between two bones that do not move (ex. - skull)

Symphysis – two bones are held firmly together and act as one bone

(ex. – symphysis pubis) Synovial – movable joints in the body

(ex. – ball and socket

and hinge joints)

apps.uwhealth.org/.../images/en/19903.jpg

JOINTSJOINTS

STRUCTURES OF STRUCTURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTSSYNOVIAL JOINTS

Turn to p. 40, Figures 3.4 and 3.5LigamentsLigaments – connects bone to boneSynovial membrane and fluid Synovial membrane and fluid – synovial

joints are surrounded by a capsule and are lined with a membrane. Synovial membrane secretes a fluid that acts as a lubricant.

BursaBursa – a sac, lined with a synovial membrane and also contains synovial fluid. Found in areas where a tendon passes over a bone (ex. knee)

BONES OF THE SKULLBONES OF THE SKULLPlease turn to p. 43, Figures 3.9 and 3.10Major bones of the skull include:Major bones of the skull include:

FrontalParietalOccipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid

BONES OF THE FACEBONES OF THE FACEMajor bones of the face include:Major bones of the face include:

ZygomaticMaxilla Lacrimal Vomer Mandible Nasal

BONES OF THE CHESTBONES OF THE CHESTTurn to p. 41, figure 3.7Ribs (12 pair)

Sternum Xyphoid process

Clavicle

Scapula

BONES OF THE UPPER BONES OF THE UPPER BODYBODYTurn to p. 44, figures 3.11 and 3.12

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

BONES OF THE SPINAL BONES OF THE SPINAL COLUMNCOLUMNTurn to p. 45, figure 3.14

Cervical vertebra (1-7)

Thoracic vertebra (1-12)

Lumbar vertebra (1-5)

Sacrum

Coccyx

BONES OF THE PELVISBONES OF THE PELVISTurn to p. 46, figure 3.15

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

BONES OF THE BONES OF THE LOWER BODYLOWER BODYTurn to p. 47, figure 3.17

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsals Metatarsals http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/000f09d2.gif

Phalanges

MEDICAL SPECIALTIES MEDICAL SPECIALTIES Detailed information can be found on

pages 47-48:

Chiropractor

Orthopedic surgeon

Orthotics

Osteopathic MD

Podiatrist

Rheumatologist