skeletal system. bones and cartilage alive and active 206 bones in humans support and protection...
TRANSCRIPT
HUMAN SYSTEMS:Skeletal
System
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Bones and cartilage Alive and active 206 bones in humans Support and protection Helps maintaining homeostasis Store minerals, make blood cells
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Functions of bones1. Protect organs (ribs protect heart and
lungs)2. Store minerals 3. Role in movement4. Bone marrow (making blood cells)
SKELETAL SYSTEM
BONE STRUCTURE
Bone is a living organ made up of different types of tissues
1. Connective tissue and minerals2. Osteoblast cells – mineral deposition3. Spongy bone – open spaces in bone4. Compact bone – no visible open spaces
Bone marrow – two types1. Red marrow – red and white blood cells
synthesis2. Yellow marrow – stores fats
BONE STRUCTURE
BONE GROWTH
During development most bones are soft Bone formation initiates as flexible tissue -
cartilage As development occurs cartilage is replaced
by bone During growth, bones also increase in size During childhood, most bones still have
growth plates of cartilage These growth plates provide a place for
bones to continue to grow
JOINTS A place where two or more bones meet is called
a joint Some joints, such as fixed joints, allow little or
no movement Many of the joints in the skull are fixed joints Other joints, such as your shoulder, allow a lot of
movement
Joints can be classified based on how the bones in a joint move1. Gliding or sliding joints2. Hinge joints3. Ball and socket joints
JOINTS
JOINTS Joints are often placed under a great deal of
stress But they can withstand a lot of wear and tear
because of their structure
Joints are held together by ligaments Ligaments are strong elastic bands of
connective tissue They connect the bones in a joint
Also, cartilage covers the ends of many bones. Cartilage helps cushion the area in a joint where bones meet.
INJURIES AND DISEASES
1. Fracture2. Dislocation of joint3. Sprain – ligament stretched or torn
4. Osteoporosis Bone density decreases Bones become weak
5. Arthritis - joints may swell or stiffen
6. Gout – accumulation of uric acid
7. Nutrition and bone heath