skeletal system

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Animal Systems SAMANTHA RUSSELL ANIMAL ANATOMY

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Page 1: Skeletal system

Animal Systems

SAMANTHA RUSSELL

ANIMAL ANATOMY

Page 2: Skeletal system

CHAPTER 1

Animal Skeletal System

Page 3: Skeletal system

THE 4 FUNCTIONS

1. Shape

2. Support

3. Movement

4. Protection

5. Strength

ANIMAL SKELETAL SYSTEM

Functions 1. The first function of the skeletal system is shape. The bones

help with the shape of the body and will change as an animal continues to grow.

2. Support is the next function of the skeletal system. Certain bones have hollow shapes to hold organs in place and other bones support the body by being strong enough to keep an animal from falling down.

3. Movement is also an important part of the skeletal system. The bones attach to ligaments and tendons attach the muscles to the bones. All of these working together is called the musculoskeletal system and they allow the body to move.

4. Protection is the final function. The bones help organs from being damaged in the case of a fall or being attacked. Bones are strong enough to withstand a fall and will protect all vital organs.

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Page 4: Skeletal system

ANIMAL SKELETAL SYSTEM

Major Parts

The bones protect the body and can withstand tremendous amounts of impact. For example a horses leg can withstand the weight of 1500 pounds while galloping at 30 mph.

Cartilage is tissue meant to connect bones together. It works as a way to reduce friction between joints and allows for move-ment of the bones.

The propose of ligaments is to connect bone to bone. They are found on every joint of the body. They protect the joints and also limit how much a joint can move in each way.

Tendons are much like ligaments but instead of bone to bone they connect bones to muscles. The main purpose is to trans-fer force between muscles and bones.

Joints are formed where two bones meet. There are three types of joints. Most of them move freely, some are semi-moveable, and few have no movement.

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ANIMAL SKELETAL SYSTEM

Different Parts of BonesA compact bone is one of the two types of tissues that forms bones. It’s main function is to support the body and protect or-gans. Compact bones make up 80% of the bodies bones.

A spongey bone is the second type of tissue which makes up the bones. It is much less dense than a compact bone which makes it softer, weaker, and more flexible.

Red and yellow marrow is a flexible tissue inside of a bone. Red marrow consists of red and white blood cells. Yellow mar-row is found in the hollow parts of bones.

Periosteum is the outer most layer, it cushions the hard por-tion of the bone and can also repair broken ones.

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ANIMAL SKELETAL SYSTEM

Types of Joints

There are three types of main joints. Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. Within the synovial group there are five more types of joints.

Fibrous joints are immovable. They are held together by strong connective tissue. An example of a fibrous joint is the skull.

Cartilaginous joints have a limited amount of movement. An example would be the hip bone.

Synovial joints have free movement. These joints reduce fric-tion and help with movement. There are five types of synovial

joints; ball-and-socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, and compound joints.

Ball-and-socket joints are when a round headed bone fits into a hollow socket. An example is a is shoulder joint.

Hinge joints make movement possible on one plane. Knee and elbow joints are two examples.

Gliding joints are be-tween two flat surfaces and slide over one an-other. There is a limited amount of movement like in the wrist.

Pivot joints are a boney ring that rotates around another bone. An example is the head being able to turn side to side.

Compound joints are made up of several joints between a num-ber of bones. There is a variety of movement and nodding the head is an example.

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