Anatomy & PhysiologySkeletal System

Nathan Schilaty, DC

All Systems Related

• The body is entirely interconnected

• One thing in one system can affect many others

• Blood made from bones

• Muscles move bones

• Nerves function according to alignment of bones

Bone Functions

• Support

• Protection

• Movement

• Mineral storage

• Blood cell formation

Bones

• Five types of bones• Flat

• Irregular

• Long

• Short

• Sesamoid

• Bones held together by ligaments

• How many bones in an adult?

• What would your body look like without bones?

Ana / tomy

• Break words down

• osteo = bone

• cyte = cell

• arthro = joint

• blast = to bud or germ

• clast = to break

• itis = inflammation

• Osteo / arthr / itis

Living Tissue

• Bone Cells– Osteoblast

– Make bone

– Osteocyte

– Maintain bone

– Osteoclast

– Break down bone

• Bone turns over every 2 years

– That means that the bone you have now will be entirely different over a 2 year period.

Cartilage

• Bones calcify from

cartilage structures. • Growth plates are

cartilage regions

present in bones

of children and

youth

– A damaged

growth plate can

cause abnormal

growth of a bone.

Cranium

• Frontal

• Parietal

• Temporal

• Occipital

• Sphenoid

• Maxilla

• Mandible

Review

• These bones

actually move!– Put finger in corner of eye on

nose side and push up on your

palate with tongue to feel the

movement

– This movement allows the brain

to receive nourishment!

• Protect the brain

Shoulder Girdle

• Only 1 bony attachment of arm to body - clavicle!!!

• Mobility vs. Stability– Trade-off – if want one, you lose the other

– Structure determines function!

Upper Extremity

• Humerus

• Radius

• Ulna

• Carpals

• Metacarpals

• Phalanges (14)(singular = phalanx)

Chest

• Sternum

• Ribs

• Protection for vital

organs

Spine

• C1-C7 (Cervicals)

• T1-T12 (Thoracics)

• L1-L5 (Lumbars)

• S1-S5 (Sacrals)

• C0 (coccyx)

• How many bones total?

• What is their function?

Pelvic Girdle

• Supports weight of the body

• Mobility vs. Stability– Pelvis is designed for stability

Lower Extremity

• Femur

• Patella (develops by age 2)

• Tibia

• Fibula

• Tarsals

• Metatarsals

• Phalanges (14)