skeletal disorders

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SKELETAL DISORDERS

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skeletal disorders

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Page 1: Skeletal disorders

SKELETAL DISORDERS

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SKELETALDISORDERS

Fractures - breakage of a bone, this breakage may be complete or incomplete.

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1.Simple A clean break of the bone with little or no break in the overlying skin.

2.Greenstick An incomplete break of the bone in which part of the outer shell (cortex) remains intact. This occurs particularly in children, who have more flexible bones than adults.

3.Compound (also known as "Open") A broken bone that pierces the overlying skin.

Types of Fractures

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4.Cominuted A fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two pieces. A crushing force is usually responsible and there is extensive injury to surrounding soft tissues is common.

5.Impacted A fracture in which the bones involved are driven into each other.

6.Complicated A broken bone that also involves damage to other organs - in addition to broken Bone(s) and possibly also broken skin. An example is a broken rib that punctures a lung.

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Kyphosis Excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

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Lordosis Inward curvature of the spine.Some lordosis in the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine is normal.

Exaggerated lordosis may occur in adolescence - possibly as a result of faulty posture, or due to disease affecting the vertebrae and spinal muscles.

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Scoliosis Lateral (sideways) deviation of the spine.Scoliosis may be caused by congenital or acquired abnormalities of the vertebrae, muscles, and/or nerves.

Treatment may involve the use of spinal braces and, in cases of severe deformity. surgical correction by fusion or osteotomy.

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Arthritis  Over 200 diseases may cause arthritis, including:  Swelling, warmth, redness of the overlying skin, pain, restriction of motion.

Inflammation of one or more joints.

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Bone Cancer

  Bone cancer may occur as a secondary cancer from, for example, prostate cancer 

Damage to stem cells (the cause of leukaemia).

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Gout

  Gout is caused by a defect in uric acid balance in the metabolism - resulting in an excess of the acid and its salts (urates) which then accumulate in the bloodstream and joints, respectively.

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Osteoporosis

  Infection, injury and synovitis can cause localized osteoporosis of adjacent bone.

Generalised osteoporosis is common in the elderly, and in women often follows the menopause. It is also a feature of Cushing's disease and prolonged steroid therapy.

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Rickets

  Rickets is a childhood condition caused by insufficient vitamin D and Calcium

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