Skeletal Disorders

Includes bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints

Tumors of Bone and Cartilage Osteosarcoma –

malignant neoplasm of bone, most common

Chondrosarcoma – cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage tissue

Metabolic Bone Diseases

Osteoporosis – low estrogen level, genetic, postmenopause Excessive loss of

calcified bone matrix

Loss of trabeculae in spongy bone

Compression factures = shorter stature, kyphosis “dowager’s hump”

Metabolic bone disease cont.

Rickets and osteomalacia Demineralization of loss of minerals from bone

related to vit. D deficiency Rickets = children, bowing of legs Osteomalacia = increased susceptibility to

fractures Paget disese –osteitis deformans

Osteoclastic (bone resorbing) and osteoblastic (bone forming) activity = bone deformties

Bone Infection

Osteomyelitis –bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue Persistent and severe pain, muscle

spasm, swelling and fever

Bone fractures

Open fractures (compound) – bone pierces the skin

Closed fracture (simple) – do not pierce the skin Complete fractures – bone fragments separate

completely Incomplete fracture – bone fragments still partially

formed, ex. Greenstick Comminuted fractures – breaks with many

fragments Impacted fractures – bone fractures driven into

each other.

fractures

Linear – parallel to bones axis Transverse – right angle to bones axis Oblique – fracture is diagonal

Bone fracture – Bone bleeds and becomes inflamed Callus (bony framework) formed around

injury which stabilizes the bone fragment

Joint disorders - noninflammatory

Osteoarthritis – degenerative joint disease Formation of bone spurs and degeneration of

articular cartilage Seen more often in hips and knees Includes interphalangeal joints (nodes)

Sprain – acute injury to ligament around joint

Strain – involves muscle, tendon and junction between the two, most occur in muscle tissue

Joint disease - inflammatory

Arthritis – general term Rheumatoid – autoimmune disease,

chronic inflammation of connective tissue, characteristic hand deformities

Gouty arthritis – gout is uric acid build up in the blood, deposited as sodium urate crystals in joints

Infectious arthritis – pathogens infect synovial membrane, ex. lyme