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ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar Amit Vishwas SKA Precursors: ASKAP & MEERKaT May 05, 2010

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Page 1: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

A m i t V i s h w a s

SKA Precursors: ASKAP & MEERKaT

May 05, 2010

Page 2: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP)

• Located in Western Australia • One of the most Radio Quiet sites in the World.

• Technology Demonstrator in the Mid-frequency Range

• 700MHz – 1.8GHz

• 30 x 12 mts prime focus Paraboloid Reflectors

• Aeff= ~3400 m2 (~1

20 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑜)

• Expected Max Baseline of ~ 6 kms

• Working Resolution (10”- 30”)

• Designed to be a fast Survey Telescope • FoV and Survey Speed: Focal Phased Array Feeds

May 05, 2010

Page 3: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

May 05, 2010

Page 4: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

Array Configuration - ASKAP

May 05, 2010

36 – 12 mts Antennas Inner Dense Array – 1km radius - Min Separation – 22 mts Outer 6 Antennas - Max Separation 6 kms

Page 5: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

12m - Parkes Testbed Antenna

May 05, 2010

Page 6: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

Karoo Array Telescope (MEERKaT)

• Located near the Northern Cape region of South Africa • Population density (0-2/sq.km) - Low man made RFI

• Technology Demonstrator in the Mid-frequency Range • 900MHz – 1.75GHz

• To be extended with 8 - 14.5 GHz & 580 MHz – 2.5 GHz modes

• 80 x 12 mts prime focus Paraboloid Reflectors

• Aeff= ~9000 m2 (~1

8 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑜)

• Expected Baseline of ~ 8 kms, Extended ~ 60 kms • Working Resolutions 6” – 80”

• Designed to be an extremely sensitive ‘cm’ wavelength Telescope • Large N small D (LNSD)

May 05, 2010

Page 7: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

May 05, 2010

• XDM : Experimental Development Model • 15 mts Antenna, Technology Testbed (2006-2008)

• KAT 7, now MPA • 7- 12mts Antennas at proposed MeerKaT site (in progress)

Page 8: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

Array Configuration - MEERKaT

May 05, 2010

80 – 12 mts Antennas Inner Dense Array (70%)– 1km - Min Separation – 20 mts Outer Arms (30%) - Max Baseline – 8 kms 7 Spur Antennas to Baselines of ~ 60 kms

Page 9: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

KAT – 7 Buildup

May 05, 2010

Page 10: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

Survey Metrics

• 𝑡 = 2 𝑘 𝑇

𝐴 𝑁 ϵ𝑎 ϵ𝑐

2 1

σ𝑠2𝐵 𝑛𝑝

• Integration time for 𝜎𝑠 sensitivity (Jy)

• 𝑆𝑆𝑠 = 𝐹 𝐵𝑛𝑝𝐴 𝑁 ϵ𝑎 ϵ𝑐 σ𝑠

2 𝑘 𝑇

2, @ 𝜎𝑠 sensitivity, F – FoV

• # sq. deg surveyed per second, 𝜖𝑎, 𝜖𝑐 - Aperture & Correlator Efficiency

• 𝑆𝑆𝑡 = 𝐹 𝐵𝑛𝑝ϵ𝑐 σ𝑡

𝑇

2𝑓2 ϵ𝑠

−2, @ 𝜎𝑡 sensitivity (K), f – filling factor

• Surface brightness temperature SS, 𝜖𝑠- synthesized aperture efficiency

• Large N - Small D – Large FoV (- simultaneous FoVs)

• u-v coverage on the Sky with baselines

May 05, 2010

Page 11: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

Science Drivers

• Extragalactic HI Science • Evolution of abundance & distribution of HI over different z

• Large Scale HI Survey at intermediate z • For 0.04 ≲ z ≲ 0.2, slightest change in HIMF would result many more

galaxy detections

• Continuum Science • Formation & Evolution of Galaxies, AGNs over time

• Extreme Starburst galaxies over z ~ 6-10 (if they exist)

• Low Luminosity Active Radio galaxies at nearby z (~ 0.5)

• ISM Studies • Better Understanding of Galaxy Evolution through Milky way &

Magellanic Clouds

May 05, 2010

Page 12: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

Science Drivers

• Pulsar Studies • Larger Pulsar Surveys (30,000 sq deg)

• Computationally limited, ‘ms’ Pulsars missed • Multiple Simultaneous Observations possible

• Exotic High energy Binary systems (Pulsar-Black hole) • Detect Gravitational Waves (?)

• Polarization Studies • Deep survey of polarized emission from Extragalactic Sources • Gather Rotational Measures -> Cosmic Magnetism

• VLBI Science • AGNs with mas jet features, high dynamic range imaging • Radio counterparts of GRBs, other transients

• Large FoV & High Resolution

• Pulsar proper motion & parallax observations

May 05, 2010

Page 13: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

Timeline

• ASKAP • Currently testing at Parkes Testbed

• Moving to BETA (Boolardy Engineering Test Array) around 2011

• 6 – 12 mts antennas at MRO

• Full ASKAP system up and running by 2013 (Planned)

• MPA & MEERKaT • KAT7/MPA in construction at MeerKaT site.

• 7 – 12 mts antennas (middle of nowhere?)

• Remote operations

• Full MEERKaT system up and running around 2014 (Planned)

May 05, 2010

Page 14: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

May 05, 2010

2013

2010

Really??

Page 15: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

1st ASKAP Antenna at MRO

May 05, 2010

Page 16: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

MPA Buildup (April 2010)

May 05, 2010 Check out www.comparethemeerkat.com

Page 17: SKA Precursors ASKAP & MEERKaT - Cornell …astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro7620/docs/SKAP.pdf · ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar A m i t V i s h w a s ... high

ASTRO 7620 Advanced Radio Astronomy Seminar

References

• ATNF-CSIRO ASKAP Webpage

• http://www.atnf.csiro.au/projects/askap/

• Request for Proposals for MEERKaT

• Heyden, K., Surveying the Sky with MeerKaT, Symposium on Surveying the low frequency sky with LOFAR, Leiden University, NL, March 2010

• Norris, R., Surveying the Sky with ASKAP, Symposium on Surveying the low frequency sky with LOFAR, Leiden University, NL, March 2010

May 05, 2010