siva 1 introduction to geotechnical engineering n. sivakugan ground duration: 13 mins
TRANSCRIPT
1SIVA
Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering
N. Sivakugan
ground
Duration: 13 mins
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Typical Geotechnical Project
construction site
Geo-Laboratory~ for testing
Design Office~ for design & analysis
soil samples
soil properties
design details
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bed rock
firm ground
Shallow Foundations~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for firm soils or light loads
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Shallow Foundations
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bed rock
weak soil
Deep Foundations
PILE
~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground
~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads
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Deep Foundations
Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway
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Pier Foundations for Bridges
Cable-stayed bridge Supported on 7 piers, 342 m apart Longest pier (336) in the world
Millau Viaduct in France (2005)
A separate slideshow on the construction is in the bottom drawer
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Pier Foundations for Bridges
Millau Viaduct in France (2005)
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Retaining Walls~ for retaining soils from spreading laterally
Road
Train
retaining wall
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Earth Dams~ for impounding water
soil
reservoirclay core shell
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Concrete Dams
reservoir
soil
concrete dam
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Concrete Dams
Three Gorges Dam, Hong Kong
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Concrete Dams
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Earthworks
Roadwork, Pacific Highway
~ preparing the ground prior to construction
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Construction hazard~ an unwelcome visitor at an earthwork site.
A dead Anaconda python (courtesy: J. Brunskill)
What does it have to do with Geo?#!
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Geofabrics~ used for reinforcement, separation, filtration and drainage in roads, retaining walls, embankments…
Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway
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Reinforced Earth Walls~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil
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Tunneling
Chile (2006) – during my sabbatical leave
MSE (Mechanically stabilised Earth) wall
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Tunneling
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Soil Nailing~ steel rods placed into holes drilled into the walls
and grouted
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Retaining Walls
Rock anchors to support the vertical walls
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Sheet Piles~ sheets of interlockingsteel or timber driven into
the ground, forming a continuous sheet
ship
warehouse
sheet pile
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Sheet Piles~ resist lateral earth pressures
~ used in excavations, waterfront structures, ..
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Sheet Piles~ used in temporary works
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Sheet Piles
~ interlocking sections
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Cofferdam~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to prevent water seeping in
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Cofferdam~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to prevent water seeping in
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Landslides
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Shoringpropping and supporting the exposed walls to resist lateral earth pressures
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Excavations
Chile (2006) – during my sabbatical leave
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Mining
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Blasting
For ore recovery in mines
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Earthquake Engineering
Loma Preita Earthquake, San Francisco (1989)
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Ground Improvement
Impact Roller to Compact the Ground
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Ground Improvement
Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils
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Ground Improvement
Smooth-wheeled Roller
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Ground Improvement
Big weights dropped from 25 m, compacting the ground.
Craters formed in compaction
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Environmental Geomechanics
Waste Disposal in Landfills
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Instrumentation~ to monitor the performances of earth and earth supported structures
~ to measure loads, pressures, deformations, strains,…
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Soil Testing
More Field TestsStandard Penetration TestVane Shear Test
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Soil Testing
Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory
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Soil Testing
Variety of Field Testing Devices
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Soil Testing
Being Pushed around by my Supervisors
Purdue University, USA
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Typical Safety FactorsType of Design Safety
FactorProbability of Failure
Earthworks 1.3-1.5 1/500
Retaining structures
1.5-2.0 1/1500
Foundations 2.0-3.0 1/5000
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Some Civil Engineering marvels ….
… buried right under your feet.
foundations
soil exploration
tunneling
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Soil Testing
Cone Penetration Test Truck – Lavarach Barracks, Townsville
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Dynamic Compaction
JCU site visit to Townsville Port in 2003
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Sheet pile at Woolcock St
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Soil Nailing at Strand
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JCU Dynamic cone penetration rig
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JCU Dynamic cone penetration rig
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Pile driving rig – Ross River Dam
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Pile driving rig – Ross River Dam
A pile group
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Sea wall in Brisbane (2005)
Courtesy: Coffey Geosciences Pty Ltd.
Great Contributors to the Developments in Geotechnical Engineering
Karl Terzaghi1883-1963
C.A.Coulomb1736-1806
WJM Rankine1820-1872 A.Casagrande
1902-1981
L. Bjerrum1918-1973
A.W.Skempton1914-
G.F.Sowers1921-1996
G.A. Leonards1921-1997
Siva’s teacher in USA – deserves gold frame
Siva’s teacher in USA – deserves gold frame
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Purdue University (USA), 1986
Mini-Me
Geotechnical Group: Postgrads & staff
Geotechnical Engineering Landmarks
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Leaning Tower of PisaOur blunders become monuments!
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Hoover Dam, USA
Tallest (221 m) concrete dam
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Petronas Tower, Malaysia
Tallest building in the world
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and….
Monuments
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Geo-engineering at JCU
CS2005Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering
CS3002Soils & Foundations
CS4001Foundations & Rocks
PostgradMEngSc/PhD
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Practicals
~ five practical sessions
~ closed footwear must be worn in the lab
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Safety
We have pride in our high safety standards
Rio de Janeiro
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Quizzes
about 4-6, 50 minutes each open book
How?
Why? reinforce main points provide a wake up call form of assessment
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Past CS2005 Grades
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
HD 5 1 1 3 3 0
?
D 4 2 3 2 9 6
C 15 12 6 7 7 2
P 12 8 8 6 10 8
P- 6 0 2 4 1 5
N 12 10 12 14 9 13
X 0 0 3 3 3 1
Total 54 33 35 39 42 35
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Some Suggestions
Attend the lectures.
Develop a good feel for the subject.
It takes longer to understand from the lecture notes
It takes longer to understand from the lecture notes
It is practical, interesting and makes lot of sense. It is practical, interesting and makes lot of sense.
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Some Suggestions
Work in groups.
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Some Suggestions
Thou shall not wait till the last minute.
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Exams
My mama always said, “Exam is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you gonna get”
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Recipe for Success
I like soils… I like soils….I like soils….