single-stage integrated- circuit amplifiers• cascode amplifier and transistor pairings...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith1
Single-Stage Integrated-Circuit Amplifiers
![Page 2: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Outline• Comparison between the MOS and the BJT• From discrete circuit to integrated circuit
- Philosophy, Biasing, …etc.• Frequency response• The Common-Source and Common-Emitter amplifier
with active loads • The Common-Gate and Common-Base amplifier
with active load• The Source and Emitter Follower• The CS and CE amplifier with source degeneration• Current mirrors with improved performance• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings
![Page 3: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
6-1 Comparison between the MOS and the BJTDC characteristics
• Transconductor (iD - vGS v.s. iC - vBE )
![Page 4: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
• Channel-length modulation (iD - vDS ) v.s. Early effect (iC – vCE)
![Page 5: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Low-frequency operation
• Transconductance
Doxnm IL
WCg ⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛= )(2 µ
T
Cm V
Ig =
• Input resistance
• Output resistance
• Intrinsic gain
![Page 6: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
High-frequency operation
225.1
32 and For
)(2
LVf
WLCCCC
CCgf
OVT
oxgsgdgs
gdgs
mT
πµ
π
≅
≅>>
+=
222
and For )(2
WVf
CCCCCC
gf
TT
de
mT
πµ
π
πµπ
µπ
≅
≅>>
+=
• Cutoff frequency
![Page 7: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
• Technology speed figure of merit v.s. Time:
• Estimated frequency performance based on scaling
Trends in IC technology
![Page 8: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
DC range of operation 2-3 decades of ID ∝ (VGS –VT )2
>5 decades of IC ∝ eVBE
Noise (thermal about the same) More 1/fLess 1/f
Small-signal output resistance ( ro ) Smaller for short channel
Slightly larger
Switch implementation GoodPoor
Capacitor implementation Reasonably goodVoltage dependent
MOSBJT
Cutoff frequency ( fT ) 50GHz100GHz
Comparison
From analogue or digital point of view?
![Page 9: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
6-2 From Discrete- to Integrated- circuitComponents
(The pictures are copied from http://140.114.23.141/htdocs/course/922_EE226002/Introduction.pdf , S.H. Hsu)
![Page 10: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Hardware products
(The pictures are copied from http://140.114.23.141/htdocs/course/922_EE226002/Introduction.pdf , S.H. Hsu)
![Page 11: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Design topologies
• Active load to replace R
R=?
• Current biasing
• Direct-coupled
Differential architecture to decouple DC signals (Ch7)
![Page 12: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
IC Biasing – current mirror (amplifier)
• Io / IREF =
• Minimum Vo =
• Effect of ro :
![Page 13: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Current steering
![Page 14: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
• Io / IREF =
• Minimum Vo =
• Effect of ro :β
11 ++
= mm
II
REF
O
BJT current mirror
![Page 15: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
6-3 Frequency response• In analysing the frequency response of circuits,capacitors 1/sC inductors sL
T(s)Vi(s) Vo(s)
01
1
01
1)(bsbs
asasasT nn
n
mm
mm
++++++
= −−
−−
L
L
Zeros :Poles :)())((
)())(()(21
21
n
mm PsPsPs
ZsZsZsasT−−−−−−
=L
L
Substituting s=jw into T(s) The gain and phase response v.s. w
![Page 16: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Bode plot
0
1)(ps
sT+
=a pole
a zero0)( zssT +=
|)(| sT )(sT∠
How about positive-valued poles/zeros?
![Page 17: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Example
)10/1)(10/1(10)( 52 ss
ssT++
=
![Page 18: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Example- continued
)10/1)(10/1(10)( 52 ss
ssT++
=
![Page 19: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
High-frequency response
• Frequency response of a direct-coupled amplifier
)/1()/1)(/1()/1()/1)(/1()(
21
21
n
nH pspsps
zszszssF++++++
=L
L
We are mostly interested in 3-dB frequency, fH (or f3dB)
![Page 20: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Methods to derive fH
• If a dominant pole exists1/1
1)(P
H wssF
+≅
• If not, use the cond. |F(wH)| = ½ to derive
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛+++−⎟⎟
⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛+++≅ 22
22
122
22
1
1111111ZnZZPnPP
H wwwwwww LL
• Open-circuit time constants
∑≅
iioi
H RCw 1
Rio : resistance seen by Ci when all other Cs are open-circuit and all sources equal zeros
![Page 21: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Example 6.6
![Page 22: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
![Page 23: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Miller’s theorem – one useful technique for analysing freq response
![Page 24: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Example 6.7
![Page 25: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
6-4 Common-Source and Common-Emitter amplifers with acitive loads
===
o
vo
i
RAR
Common-source amplifier
![Page 26: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Common-source amplifier with active load
![Page 27: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
• Large-signal characteristics
• Small-signal characteristics (in region III)
===
out
v
in
RAR
![Page 28: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
• High-frequency response
(i) Analysis by Miller’s Theorem
![Page 29: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
(ii) Analysis by Open-circuit time constants
![Page 30: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
(iii) Exact analysis
![Page 31: Single-Stage Integrated- Circuit Amplifiers• Cascode amplifier and transistor pairings Single-stage IC Amplifiers Hsin Chen, 2005 Electronics II c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081403/609bcc5a5d44ba56e57a86f8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Single-stage IC Amplifiers
Hsin Chen, 2005
Electronics II
c.f.: Microelectronic Circuits, 5th ed., Sedra/Smith
Formulas for Common-Emitter amplifier with active load