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Meiosis Explored: Supplemental Questions

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Supplemental Questions

Multiple Choice and Matching QuestionsQUESTION 1

Somatic cells of red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) have 36 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do their gametes (egg and sperm cells) contain?

(A) 36 (B) 18(C) 72 (D) 46

QUESTION 2Which of the following statements is TRUE for sexually reproducing diploid species?

(A) Meiosis produces 4 haploid daughter cells from 1 diploid parent cell.(B) Meiosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells from 1 diploid parent cell.(C) Meiosis produces 2 haploid daughter cells from 1 diploid parent cell.

©2017, SimBio. All Rights Reserved. | 1

SimBio Virtual Labs® | Meiosis Explored: Supplemental Questions

(D) Meiosis produces 1 diploid daughter cell from 2 haploid parent cells.

QUESTION 3Which of the following is FALSE of meiosis?

(A) It occurs only in specialized cells and is not involved in somatic growth.(B) It produces daughter cells that are used in sexual reproduction.(C) It produces daughter cells that have perfectly identical genes.(D) It produces cells with half the chromosomes as the parental cell.

QUESTION 4What is a major distinction between anaphase I and anaphase II?

(A) Homologous chromosomes separate in anaphase I; sister chromatids separate in anaphase II.

(B) Sister chromatids separate in anaphase I; homologous chromosomes separate in anaphase II.

(C) Crossing over occurs during anaphase I; independent segregation occurs during anaphase II.

(D) Independent segregation occurs during anaphase I; crossing over occurs during anaphase II.

QUESTION 5Which of the following produces haploid cells?

(A) Meiosis I (B) Meiosis II(C) Mitosis(D) Both meiosis I and meiosis II

QUESTION 6Fertilization in mammals involves:

(A) The fusion of 2 haploid gametes, producing 1 haploid zygote(B) The fusion of 2 diploid gametes, producing 1 haploid zygote(C) The fusion of 2 haploid gametes, producing 1 diploid zygote (D) The fusion of 2 diploid gametes, producing 1 diploid zygote

QUESTION 7Which of the following scenarios is observed occasionally and results in polyspermy?

(A) One haploid sperm fertilizing one diploid ovum (B) One diploid sperm fertilizing one haploid ovum(C) Two haploid sperm fertilizing two haploid ova (D) Two haploid sperm fertilizing one haploid ovum



QUESTION 8When does the spindle assembly checkpoint occur in meiosis?

(A) In early anaphase I and in early anaphase II(B) In late metaphase I and in late metaphase II(C) In early anaphase I and in late metaphase II(D) In late metaphase I and in early anaphase II

QUESTION 9Which of the following is TRUE of alleles?

(A) Alleles are different versions of the same gene.(B) Alleles are different genes that perform similar functions.(C) ‘Alleles’ is another term for homologous chromosomes.(D) Alleles are locations on chromosomes where crossing over occurs.

QUESTION 10Independent assortment refers to which of the following?

(A) Each daughter cell randomly inheriting one of two homologous chromosomes in meiosis I

(B) Each daughter cell randomly inheriting one of two sister chromatids in meiosis II(C) Homologous chromosomes exchanging DNA from the same random location during

prophase I(D) Sister chromatids exchanging DNA from the same random location during prophase

II

QUESTION 11Which of the following is FALSE of crossing over?

(A) Crossing over only occurs during prophase I.(B) Crossing over contributes to genetic variability in daughter cells.(C) Crossing over always occurs during meiosis.(D) Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes.

QUESTION 12Which of the following is TRUE of genetic linkage?

(A) Alleles on different chromosomes tend to be inherited together if the chromosomes are adjacent within the cell.

(B) Physical distance between alleles is unrelated to the likelihood that the alleles will be inherited together.

(C) Alleles on the same chromosome are LESS likely to be inherited together if they are physically close together on the chromosome.

(D) Alleles on the same chromosome are MORE likely to be inherited together if they are physically close together on the chromosome.



QUESTION 13Which option represents the correct order of events in meiosis I?

(A) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes each homologous pair attaches to both spindle poles separation of homologous chromosomes cytokinesis

(B) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes separation of homologous chromosomes each homologous pair attaches to both spindle poles cytokinesis

(C) Each chromosome attaches to both spindle poles chromosomes to midline separation of sister chromatids cytokinesis

(D) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes each homologous pair attaches to both spindle poles separation of sister chromatids cytokinesis

QUESTION 14Which option represents the correct order of events in meiosis II?

(A) Each chromosome attaches to both spindle poles separation of sister chromatids chromosomes to midline cytokinesis

(B) Crossing over between sister chromatids each chromosome attaches to both spindle poles separation of sister chromatids cytokinesis

(C) Each chromosome attaches to both spindle poles chromosomes to midline separation of sister chromatids cytokinesis

(D) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes each homologous pair attaches to both spindle poles separation of homologous chromosomes cytokinesis

QUESTION 15Which of the following statements about aneuploidy is FALSE?

(A) In humans, aneuploidy of sex chromosomes is tolerated more than aneuploidy of other chromosomes.

(B) Aneuploidy commonly occurs when a cell enters anaphase before chromosomes are correctly attached to the spindle.

(C) A triploid cell and a cell with trisomy are both considered aneuploid.(D) The spindle assembly checkpoint functions to help prevent aneuploidy.

QUESTION 16What is the difference in the spindle apparatus between mitosis and meiosis?

(A) Microtubules are not made of the protein tubulin in meiosis.(B) The microtubule organizing center is only present in mitosis.(C) Motor proteins are used to pull chromosomes only in mitosis.(D) There is no difference—mitosis and meiosis use the same spindle machinery.

QUESTION 17The following is a diagram of two homologous chromosomes pairs. The larger chromosome has three genes highlighted and the smaller chromosome has one gene highlighted.



Which of the following represents a possible daughter cell if NO crossing over occurs?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

QUESTIONS 18-24For the following questions, fill in the blanks with the letter of the illustration that corresponds to the given description or stage of meiosis.

(A) (B)



(C) (D)

18. ________ shows a cell during prophase I. 19. ________ shows a cell during metaphase I. 20. ________ shows a cell during metaphase II. 21. ________ shows a cell during anaphase II. 22. ________ is when crossing over occurs.23. ________ shows the separation of sister chromatids. 24. ________ shows pairs of homologous chromosomes aligning at the cell midline.

Short Answer QuestionsQUESTION 1

Using the terms provided, label the following diagram. Some terms will be used more than once.

Terms: allele 1, allele 2, chromosome, homologous chromosome pair, gene



QUESTION 2You have discovered a new species of tree frog, which is diploid with somatic cells that contain 26 chromosomes. Given this information, fill in the following blanks.

a. Haploid gametes produced by members of this species contain ___________ chromosomes.

b. An error in meiosis produces a gamete that is missing one chromosome. This gamete contains __________ chromosomes.

c. Fertilization occurs between two normal gametes, the resulting zygote contains _________ chromosomes.

d. Fertilization occurs between a normal gamete and a gamete with an extra copy of one chromosome, the resulting zygote contains __________ chromosomes.

e. If polyspermy were to occur in this species, and a single ovum was fertilized by two sperm cells, the resulting triploid zygote would contain __________ chromosomes.

QUESTION 3A diploid cell is going through meiosis. An error in meiosis I results in one daughter cell receiving both chromosomes from a homologous pair.

a. After completion of meiosis I, how many of the 2 daughter cells are aneuploid? b. After completion of meiosis II, how many of the 4 daughter cells are aneuploid?

QUESTION 4The following is a diagram of a cell containing one pair of homologous chromosomes with three genes highlighted.

Which daughter cell is mostly likely to be observed after meiosis? Assume that on average there is one crossing over event per chromosome during meiosis. Briefly explain the reasoning for your answer.



(A) (B) (C)

Essay QuestionsQUESTION 1

In a short paragraph, explain the distinction between genes and alleles. Discuss their relationship to chromosomes and homologous chromosomes.

QUESTION 2Briefly define crossing over, including the stage of meiosis it occurs in, which genetic elements it involves, and how it produces genetic variation.



ANSWER KEY FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE AND MATCHING QUESTIONS1. B 7. D 13. A 19. D

2. A 8. B 14. C 20. A

3. C 9. A 15. C 21. B

4. A 10. A 16. D 22. C

5. D 11.C 17. C 23. B

6. C 12. D 18. C 24. D

ANSWER KEY FOR SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

(1)

(2)

a. 13

b. 12

c. 26

d. 27



e. 39

(3)

a. 2

b. 4

(4) Daughter cell A is the most likely to be observed. Crossing over occurs randomly between homologous regions of homologous chromosomes. Daughter cell A is the result of a crossing over event that could occur anywhere between the second and third gene, which makes up the majority of the chromosome.

RUBRICS FOR ESSAY QUESTIONS

(1) A good answer will explain that alleles are different versions of the same gene, students may give examples, for instance we all have genes that code products which influence eye color, but people with blue eyes have different versions of these genes, or alleles, than people with brown eyes. Students must also discuss the relationship of genes and alleles to chromosomes and homologous chromosomes. They should include that DNA is organized into chromosomes, and genes are regions of DNA (or chromosomes) that code for a protein product or RNA. Homologous chromosomes contain the same genes but may contain different alleles, or versions, of those genes.

(2) A good answer will include that crossing over is a process where homologous chromosomes exchange DNA. A cut in DNA is generated at the same location on two homologous chromosomes, and they swap chunks of DNA. For full credit, students should emphasize that homologous chromosomes exchange homologous regions of DNA, because of this; homologues end up with the same genes after crossing over, but will have different alleles. Without crossing over, independent assortment alone would result in all alleles on chromosomes being inherited together. Crossing over allows alleles to be shuffled between homologues, creating new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes. Crossing over occurs during prophase I.


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