signals and systems - michigan state university · 1 signals and systems summer 2007 30 may 2007...
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Signals and SystemsSummer 2007
30 May 2007Courtesy: Prof. Alan Willsky
1) Representation of DT signals in terms of shifted unit samples 2) Convolution sum representation of DT LTI systems3) Examples4) The unit sample response and properties
of DT LTI systems
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Exploiting Superposition and Time-Invariance
Question: Are there sets of “basic” signals so thatb) We can represent rich classes of signals as linear combinations of
these building block signals.c) The response of LTI Systems to these basic signals are both simple
and insightful.
Fact: For LTI Systems (CT or DT) there are two natural choices for these building blocks
Focus for now: DT Shifted unit samplesCT Shifted unit impulses
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Representation of DT Signals Using Unit Samples
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That is ...
Coefficients Basic Signals
The Sifting Property of the Unit Sample
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DT Systemx[n] y[n]
• Suppose the system is linear, and define hk[n] as the response to δ[n - k]:
From superposition:
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DT Systemx[n] y[n]
• Now suppose the system is LTI, and and define the unit sample response h[n]:
From TI:
From LTI:
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Convolution Sum Representation of Response of LTI Systems
Interpretation
n n
n n
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Visualizing the calculation of
Choose value of n and consider it fixed
View as functions of k with n fixed
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Calculating Successive Values: Shift, Multiply, Sum
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Properties of Convolution and DT LTI Systems
1) A DT LTI System is completely characterized by its unit sample response
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Unit Sample response
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The Commutative Property
h[n]x[n] y[n] x[n]h[n] y[n]
Ex: Step response s[n] of an LTI system
“input” Unit Sample response of accumulator
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The Distributive Property
Interpretation
[ ] [ ] [ ]( ) [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]nhnxnhnxnhnhnx 2121 ∗+∗=+∗
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The Associative Property
Implication (Very special to LTI Systems)
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Properties of LTI Systems
1) Causality ⇔
2) Stability ⇔