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Antonovsky , A.(1979). Health, stress, and coping: new perspective on mental and physical well-being. San Francisco Jessey Bass.

Bryant, F. B., & Cvengros, J. A. (2004). Distinguishing hope and optimism: Two sides of a coin, or two separate coins? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,23, 273-302 Bressler , LA . Bressler , ME. Bressler, MS.(2010) The role and relationship of hope, optimism and goal

setting in achieving academic success: A study of students enrolled in online accounting courses. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal. 14(4):37-5

Third National Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences

Clarke, D. H., Kissane, D. W. (2002 Demoralization: It's Phenomenology and Importance. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36: 733-742

Frederickson, B. L. (2009) Positivity: Ground Breaking Research Reveals How to Embrace the Hidden Strength of Positive Emotions, Overcome Negativity and Thrive. New York: Grown Publishing.

Ferlander, S. (2003). The internet, social capita and local community Unpublished doctoral dissertation of philosophy). University of stirling

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Shahyad, SH., Besharat, M. A., Asadi, M., ShirAlipour, A., & Miri M. (2011). The relation of attachment and perceived social support with life satisfaction: Structural education model. Procardia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 952 956

Steffen, L. E., & Smith, B. W. (2013). The influence of between and within-person hope among emergency responders on daily affect in a stress and coping model. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(6), 738 747.

Snyder C R.( 2000) Handbook of hope: theory, measures, and applications. USA: Academic Press. Snyder CR, Lopez SJ.(2007). Positive Psychology The Scientific and Practical Explorations of Human

Strengths. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L.,

Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal personality social psychology, 60(4): 570-585

Scheier, M. F., Weintraub, J. K., & Carver, C. S. (1986). Coping with stress: divergent strategies of optimists and pessimists. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1264-1257. Van Leuven, M. C. Post, W. M., Van Aback, W.F., Vander Worde, H. V. Groote, S. Lindeman, E.

(2010).Social Support and Life Satisfaction in Spinal Code Injury During and up to One Year after Inpatient Rehabilitation. Journal of Psychology, 3: 265- 271.

Third National Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences

Vaux, Alan, et al. (1986)."The social support appraisals (SS A) scale: Studies of reliability and validity." American Journal of Community Psychology 14.2: 195-218.

Advances in Group Processes, Vol. 9, pp. 207-235.