Short Story Part IIShort Story Part II

ModernismModernism

&&

Post-ModernismPost-Modernism

Early to Mid 20Early to Mid 20thth century century Modernism-time of cultural upheaval, various Modernism-time of cultural upheaval, various

movements—hopeful, trying to solve or answer the movements—hopeful, trying to solve or answer the worldworld

1930s, New Criticism focuses on the form and 1930s, New Criticism focuses on the form and structure of literature and discourages using sources structure of literature and discourages using sources outside the text as considerations for interpretations. outside the text as considerations for interpretations.

more attention to formal elements of a text such as more attention to formal elements of a text such as plot, setting, character, dialogue, tone, style, and plot, setting, character, dialogue, tone, style, and themetheme

Publishing: Publishing: The Best American Short Stories, The New The Best American Short Stories, The New Yorker and Story magazinesYorker and Story magazines

O Henry, Sherwood Anderson, Flannery O’Connor, O Henry, Sherwood Anderson, Flannery O’Connor, Eudora Welty, Katherine Ann Porter, William Faulkner, Eudora Welty, Katherine Ann Porter, William Faulkner, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway

ModernismModernism Trends in literature in the early 20Trends in literature in the early 20thth century: Symbolism (French century: Symbolism (French

poets: Charles Baudelaire), Futurism (Italian Filippo Marinetti), poets: Charles Baudelaire), Futurism (Italian Filippo Marinetti), Expressionism (Kafka, or German playwrights Georg Buchner & Expressionism (Kafka, or German playwrights Georg Buchner & Bertolt Brecht), Imagism (US & Brit., Ezra Pound), Vorticism Bertolt Brecht), Imagism (US & Brit., Ezra Pound), Vorticism (London also Pound & Wyndham Lewis), Ultraismo (Spanish (London also Pound & Wyndham Lewis), Ultraismo (Spanish poets Guillermo de Torre), Dada (Paris Andre Breton), Surrealism poets Guillermo de Torre), Dada (Paris Andre Breton), Surrealism (Fr/Sp Andre Breton, automatic writing & free association(Fr/Sp Andre Breton, automatic writing & free association

( A rejection of 19( A rejection of 19thth c. traditions such as: a rejection of realism, or c. traditions such as: a rejection of realism, or rejection of traditional metre for free verserejection of traditional metre for free verse

Used different, complex forms and styles including: breaking Used different, complex forms and styles including: breaking from chronological storytelling, stream of conscious writing style, from chronological storytelling, stream of conscious writing style, fragmentation of images, more abstraction,fragmentation of images, more abstraction,

A rejection of historical continuity—places value and A rejection of historical continuity—places value and consciousness in the individualconsciousness in the individual

Objective reasoning was the way to understand the world.Objective reasoning was the way to understand the world. Urban (dissociation) but separate from conventional, middle Urban (dissociation) but separate from conventional, middle

class, or capitalist valuesclass, or capitalist values Multiple points of view, awareness of psychological theories.Multiple points of view, awareness of psychological theories.

Mid to Late 20Mid to Late 20thth century century Post-Modernism: what comes after moderism-no Post-Modernism: what comes after moderism-no

point in answering the world, further cynicism, point in answering the world, further cynicism, randomrandom

Women: Susan Glaspell, Charlotte Gilman Perkins Women: Susan Glaspell, Charlotte Gilman Perkins African American:James Baldwin, Toni Cade African American:James Baldwin, Toni Cade

Bambara, James McPherson, Ralph EllisonBambara, James McPherson, Ralph Ellison Native American: Zitkala-Sa, Mourning DoveNative American: Zitkala-Sa, Mourning Dove John Cheever, Joyce Carol Oates, John UpdikeJohn Cheever, Joyce Carol Oates, John Updike Jewish American: Saul Bellow, Philip Roth, Bernard Jewish American: Saul Bellow, Philip Roth, Bernard

Malamud Malamud Metafiction: representations of fiction, storytelling, Metafiction: representations of fiction, storytelling,

or art in general. or art in general. Magical Fiction—use of metaphysical devices: John Magical Fiction—use of metaphysical devices: John

Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Robert Coover Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Robert Coover

Postmodern 1960s+Postmodern 1960s+

A reaction to and continuation of A reaction to and continuation of modernismmodernism

a Rejection of any rational order a Rejection of any rational order Abandons traditional literary forms, often Abandons traditional literary forms, often

combining different genres & styles; an combining different genres & styles; an explosion of movementsexplosion of movements

Nihilism: no reason for values or morality, Nihilism: no reason for values or morality, or rejection of values: believes in nothing, or rejection of values: believes in nothing, cynical, randomness of existencecynical, randomness of existence

Playfulness, parody, & ironyPlayfulness, parody, & irony

Literary CriticismLiterary Criticism Reader-Response CriticismReader-Response Criticism Gender Criticism: Feminist, GLBTGender Criticism: Feminist, GLBT Archetypal, Mythic CriticismArchetypal, Mythic Criticism Historical CriticismHistorical Criticism Deconstructionist CriticismDeconstructionist Criticism

Flannery O’ConnorFlannery O’Connor Born March 25, 1925.Born March 25, 1925. Father died of Lupus when she was 15. Father died of Lupus when she was 15. Georgia College for Women (now Georgia College), Georgia College for Women (now Georgia College),

became editor of became editor of CorinthianCorinthian, the college's literary , the college's literary magazinemagazine

University of Iowa's graduate writing program- University of Iowa's graduate writing program- Postgraduate teaching assistant at Iowa Postgraduate teaching assistant at Iowa

Sold her first story “The Geranium,” in 1946. She was 21.Sold her first story “The Geranium,” in 1946. She was 21. 1948 the Yaddo Foundation, writers' colony NY. 1948 the Yaddo Foundation, writers' colony NY. Moved to Connecticut with the Fitzgerald family (literary Moved to Connecticut with the Fitzgerald family (literary

family) family) 1950 moved back home with symptoms of Lupus1950 moved back home with symptoms of Lupus Believed lupus a blessing; it forced her to return to her Believed lupus a blessing; it forced her to return to her

home region and gave her the opportunity to explore the home region and gave her the opportunity to explore the history and character of her region in writing history and character of her region in writing

1964 died1964 died

Flannery O’ConnorFlannery O’Connor Combines humor and horror. This strange Combines humor and horror. This strange

combination of terror and comedy is known combination of terror and comedy is known variously as “Southern Gothic” or “the variously as “Southern Gothic” or “the grotesque.” grotesque.”

Influenced by Edgar Allan Poe's Influenced by Edgar Allan Poe's Humorous TalesHumorous Tales. . A very southern writer A very southern writer Conveys a mythic quality upon its landscape and Conveys a mythic quality upon its landscape and

its inhabitants its inhabitants Ever tainted by the sin of Slavery Ever tainted by the sin of Slavery Yet for O'Connor blacks and whites share a belief Yet for O'Connor blacks and whites share a belief

in the Christian Bible and shared history of the in the Christian Bible and shared history of the landland

Charlotte Perkins Gilman Charlotte Perkins Gilman 1860-1935 1860-1935

Short story writer, novelistShort story writer, novelist Father was nephew of Harriet Beecher Stowe, but left his family after she Father was nephew of Harriet Beecher Stowe, but left his family after she

was bornwas born 1884 married Charles Stetson1884 married Charles Stetson institutionalized due to post-partum depressioninstitutionalized due to post-partum depression Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, whose Philadelphia clinic treated, among other Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, whose Philadelphia clinic treated, among other

ailments, what was commonly referred to in the nineteenth century as ailments, what was commonly referred to in the nineteenth century as “female hysteria.” “female hysteria.”

Gilman recalled in her autobiography, Gilman recalled in her autobiography, The Living of Charlotte Perkins The Living of Charlotte Perkins GilmanGilman (1991), that she was “fed, bathed, rubbed,” and returned to (1991), that she was “fed, bathed, rubbed,” and returned to Walter with the following prescription from Weir: Walter with the following prescription from Weir:

Live as domestic a life as possible. Have your child with you all Live as domestic a life as possible. Have your child with you all the time…. Lie the time…. Lie down an hour after each meal. Have but two hours' down an hour after each meal. Have but two hours' intellectual life a day. And intellectual life a day. And never touch pen, brush or pencil as never touch pen, brush or pencil as long as you live.long as you live.

The Yellow Wallpaper 1892The Yellow Wallpaper 1892 1887 divorced Stetson, moved to California1887 divorced Stetson, moved to California 1890s lectured & wrote on women’s rights1890s lectured & wrote on women’s rights Married George Houghton Gilman 1900Married George Houghton Gilman 1900

Alice Munro 1931-Alice Munro 1931- B. southwestern Ontario & attended UWest. OntarioB. southwestern Ontario & attended UWest. Ontario M. James Munro 1951 (3 daughters) moved to Victoria, M. James Munro 1951 (3 daughters) moved to Victoria,

B.C. opened a bookstore; divorced in 1976B.C. opened a bookstore; divorced in 1976 M. Gerald Fremlin live in Clinton, Ont. And Comox, B.C.M. Gerald Fremlin live in Clinton, Ont. And Comox, B.C. Published collections of Short Stories & publishes a lot in Published collections of Short Stories & publishes a lot in

The New YorkerThe New Yorker.. Stories are known for the emotional depth and complexity Stories are known for the emotional depth and complexity

of ordinary people’s lives; captures those moments of of ordinary people’s lives; captures those moments of social embarrassment or discomfort social embarrassment or discomfort

Focus on female character, mother-daughter relationshipsFocus on female character, mother-daughter relationships Small town British Columbia or Toronto or rural sw Small town British Columbia or Toronto or rural sw

OntarioOntario Photo-realism in descriptions of placePhoto-realism in descriptions of place Has won numerous awards and some stories made into TV Has won numerous awards and some stories made into TV

movies movies

Margaret Atwood 1939-Margaret Atwood 1939- Ottawa, Ontario father entomologist (forest insects) Ottawa, Ontario father entomologist (forest insects) B.A. Victoria College 1961B.A. Victoria College 1961 A.M. Radcliffe Collge 1962A.M. Radcliffe Collge 1962 Harvard 1962, Harvard 1962, Taught U. British Columbia, U. Alberta, York U.Taught U. British Columbia, U. Alberta, York U. Writer in residence U. Toronto, Macquarie U. Australia, Writer in residence U. Toronto, Macquarie U. Australia,

Trinity U Tx U. Alabama, NYU, Trinity U Tx U. Alabama, NYU, Poet, novelist, short fiction, criticismPoet, novelist, short fiction, criticism Numerous awards & honors: Guggenheim Fellowship, Numerous awards & honors: Guggenheim Fellowship,

Booker Prize, Governor General’s Award, Companion of Booker Prize, Governor General’s Award, Companion of the Order of Canada, & honorary degrees from 10+ the Order of Canada, & honorary degrees from 10+ universitiesuniversities

Work: unity of theme, role of mythology, imagery, Work: unity of theme, role of mythology, imagery, subliminal mind, integration of rational mind, myth of subliminal mind, integration of rational mind, myth of romantic love, politicsromantic love, politics

Annie Proulx 1935-Annie Proulx 1935- B. Connecticut, father textile manufacturer, mother B. Connecticut, father textile manufacturer, mother

painter, moved around up and down Eastern seaboard, painter, moved around up and down Eastern seaboard, oldest of 5 girlsoldest of 5 girls

U Vermont B.A. 1969, M.A. Concordia U. 1973, honorary U Vermont B.A. 1969, M.A. Concordia U. 1973, honorary doctorates U. Maine, U. Toronto, and Concordiadoctorates U. Maine, U. Toronto, and Concordia

Contemporary Contemporary Novelist 6, short stories, non-fiction early onNovelist 6, short stories, non-fiction early on National Endowment of the Arts grant, Guggenheim National Endowment of the Arts grant, Guggenheim

Fellowship, National Book Award, & PulitzerFellowship, National Book Award, & Pulitzer Middle aged woman from New EnglandMiddle aged woman from New England Themes are puzzling, enlightening, depressing, uplifting, Themes are puzzling, enlightening, depressing, uplifting,

violent, compassionate, exotic, commonplace, erotic violent, compassionate, exotic, commonplace, erotic Works: psychological effects of social conventions & role of Works: psychological effects of social conventions & role of

history and environment on everyday life, rural life, history and environment on everyday life, rural life, disconnectiondisconnection

Married & divorced 3 times w/childrenMarried & divorced 3 times w/children

Diana Ackerman 1948-Diana Ackerman 1948- b. Illinois, PhD Cornell U.b. Illinois, PhD Cornell U. D. Lit Kenyon College, Guggenheim GrantD. Lit Kenyon College, Guggenheim Grant Taught Cornell Taught Cornell The New Yorker, Smithsonian, National Geographic The New Yorker, Smithsonian, National Geographic Poetry, influenced by Hollywood and John Donne, NASAPoetry, influenced by Hollywood and John Donne, NASA Combination of opposites, abstract concepts and vivid Combination of opposites, abstract concepts and vivid

imagesimages Scientific Scientific Poet, essayist, naturalistPoet, essayist, naturalist 2 dozen works 2 dozen works A Natural History of the Senses, A Natural History of Love, A Natural History of the Senses, A Natural History of Love,

One Hundred Names for Love, The Zookeeper’s WifeOne Hundred Names for Love, The Zookeeper’s Wife

______- American:______- American:exploring Multi-exploring Multi-Ethnic WritersEthnic Writers

African American African American LiteratureLiterature

The Harlem Renaissance: 1920s a convergence of black writers and The Harlem Renaissance: 1920s a convergence of black writers and artists in NYCartists in NYC

W.E. DuBois’ “The Souls of Black Folks” and Booker T. W.E. DuBois’ “The Souls of Black Folks” and Booker T. Washington’s “Up from Slavery” Washington’s “Up from Slavery”

““A spiritual coming of age of the black race”A spiritual coming of age of the black race” Poetry, short stories, plays, research, visual arts, Poetry, short stories, plays, research, visual arts, 1925 1925 The New NegroThe New Negro a collection by Alain Locke prof at Howard U. a collection by Alain Locke prof at Howard U. 1926 Nation manifesto by Langston Hughes “The Negro Artist and 1926 Nation manifesto by Langston Hughes “The Negro Artist and

the Racial Mountain” the need for racial pride and artistic the Racial Mountain” the need for racial pride and artistic independenceindependence

Langston Hughes, Arna Bontemps, James Weldon Johnson, Nella Langston Hughes, Arna Bontemps, James Weldon Johnson, Nella Larsen, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, Zora Neale Larsen, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, Zora Neale HurstonHurston

Themes of African American experience, using folk literatureThemes of African American experience, using folk literature CrisisCrisis, , OpportunityOpportunity, and the , and the MessengerMessenger literary magazines literary magazines The Great Depression 1929 lack of resourcesThe Great Depression 1929 lack of resources The WPA Worker’s Progress A… and members worked for the NY The WPA Worker’s Progress A… and members worked for the NY

Federal Writers’ ProjectFederal Writers’ Project

Ralph Ellison 1914-1994Ralph Ellison 1914-1994 Sculptor, photographer, actor, essayist, short story, novelistSculptor, photographer, actor, essayist, short story, novelist B. Oklahoma City father solider in Cuba & China; d. when B. Oklahoma City father solider in Cuba & China; d. when

Ralph was 3 yrs. m. Ida Millsap GA—OK construction; Ralph was 3 yrs. m. Ida Millsap GA—OK construction; great-grandparents were slavesgreat-grandparents were slaves

Decided in childhood to become a “renaissance man:” Decided in childhood to become a “renaissance man:” active in h.s. and college in music, literature, theater, etc. active in h.s. and college in music, literature, theater, etc. Educated segregated OK Educated segregated OK

Attended Tuskegee Inst in AlabamaAttended Tuskegee Inst in Alabama 1936 NYC met Langston Hughes, Arna Bontemps & Richard 1936 NYC met Langston Hughes, Arna Bontemps & Richard

Wright who encouraged him to writeWright who encouraged him to write TaughtTaught Influences: T.S.Eliot, Henry James, Ernest Hemingway, Influences: T.S.Eliot, Henry James, Ernest Hemingway,

Mark Twain, Herman Melville, Mark Twain, Herman Melville, Use of folk traditionUse of folk tradition Aim to write to a black audience, not explain the black Aim to write to a black audience, not explain the black

experience to a white audienceexperience to a white audience

Toni Cade Bambara Toni Cade Bambara 1939-19551939-1955

Novelist, short stories, essayist, filmmaker, educatorNovelist, short stories, essayist, filmmaker, educator Social commitment is inseparable from the production of artSocial commitment is inseparable from the production of art B. NYC, lived in NJ and southB. NYC, lived in NJ and south Attended Apollo theater in 1940s & 1950s Attended Apollo theater in 1940s & 1950s B.A. Queens College in theater artsB.A. Queens College in theater arts Family & youth caseworker in NYCFamily & youth caseworker in NYC M.A. American Literature from CCNYM.A. American Literature from CCNY 1961 Metro Hospital NYC psychiatric dept.1961 Metro Hospital NYC psychiatric dept. 1964 taught City College’s SEEK program1964 taught City College’s SEEK program Taught Spelman College, Livingston College, Emory U. Atlanta Taught Spelman College, Livingston College, Emory U. Atlanta

U., U., Civil Rights Activitist & Women’s RightsCivil Rights Activitist & Women’s Rights Focus on women & images of women’s oppression, critique of Focus on women & images of women’s oppression, critique of

stereotypesstereotypes 1970s travelled Cuba, Vietnam, etc.1970s travelled Cuba, Vietnam, etc. Avoids linear plots, experimental, dialogueAvoids linear plots, experimental, dialogue

Alice Walker 1944-Alice Walker 1944- Poetry, novels, essays, biography, short stories, educator, Poetry, novels, essays, biography, short stories, educator,

Pulitzer Prize Pulitzer Prize B. GA youngest of 8, daughter of sharecropper, blinded by B. GA youngest of 8, daughter of sharecropper, blinded by

bb gun in right eye: disfigured & alonebb gun in right eye: disfigured & alone 1961 Spelman College, 1963 Sarah Lawrence, travelled to 1961 Spelman College, 1963 Sarah Lawrence, travelled to

Africa: fell in love, got pregnant, had an abortion, B.A. Africa: fell in love, got pregnant, had an abortion, B.A. 1965 moved to NYC1965 moved to NYC

Worked for Welfare dept. Worked for Welfare dept. M. Melvyn Roseman Leventhal Jewish civil rights lawyer M. Melvyn Roseman Leventhal Jewish civil rights lawyer

moved to Jackon, Miss. (illegal)moved to Jackon, Miss. (illegal) Jackson S. College, Tougaloo College Jackson S. College, Tougaloo College

Struggles & spiritual developmentStruggles & spiritual development Complexity of ordinary life, w/ all the change & dishonestyComplexity of ordinary life, w/ all the change & dishonesty

Latin American Latin American LiteratureLiterature

Literature from the colonial period mirrored the styles and conventions of Literature from the colonial period mirrored the styles and conventions of the countries of Spain and Portugal (largely outside of the European the countries of Spain and Portugal (largely outside of the European mainstream).mainstream).

1717thth century poet So Juana Ines de la Cruz, a Catholic nun who was silenced century poet So Juana Ines de la Cruz, a Catholic nun who was silenced by the Monsignor is representative of the limitations on writers of the by the Monsignor is representative of the limitations on writers of the colonial period.colonial period.

1919thth century-wars of independence: literature reflected issues of national century-wars of independence: literature reflected issues of national identity, threat of anarcy and social dissolution.identity, threat of anarcy and social dissolution.

Jose Joaquin Fernandez de Lizardi of Mexico, Andres Bello of Venezuela & Jose Joaquin Fernandez de Lizardi of Mexico, Andres Bello of Venezuela & Chile, Jose Hernandez of Argentina, Joaquim Maria Macado de Assis of Chile, Jose Hernandez of Argentina, Joaquim Maria Macado de Assis of BrazilBrazil

Cuban Revolution 1959Cuban Revolution 1959 A term for the many countries and cultures A term for the many countries and cultures Emergence in the 1970sEmergence in the 1970s 1980s with stronger immigration—8.9 million immigrants1980s with stronger immigration—8.9 million immigrants Immigration and Nationality Act (equal immigration)Immigration and Nationality Act (equal immigration) 38.8 million (identified) Latinos38.8 million (identified) Latinos Not published b/c belief that Latinos are illiterate.Not published b/c belief that Latinos are illiterate. Neo-colonial issues, follows history of wars of independence in early 19Neo-colonial issues, follows history of wars of independence in early 19 thth

centurycentury definidefini

Gabriel Garcia MarquezGabriel Garcia Marquez B. 1928, Aracataca, ColombiaB. 1928, Aracataca, Colombia Educated at Liceo Nacional at Zipaquira but did not finish Educated at Liceo Nacional at Zipaquira but did not finish

his law degreehis law degree Journalist who worked in Europe for the Liberal Colombian Journalist who worked in Europe for the Liberal Colombian

newspaper El espectadornewspaper El espectador A supporter of the Cuban RevolutionA supporter of the Cuban Revolution Published 1Published 1stst novel in 1955 novel in 1955 Magical realism-close detail, written realistically but about Magical realism-close detail, written realistically but about

incredible eventsincredible events Experimental writerExperimental writer Writes long epic novels and short storiesWrites long epic novels and short stories One Hundred Years of Solitude 1970, Chronicle of a Death One Hundred Years of Solitude 1970, Chronicle of a Death

Foretold 1982, Love in the Time of Cholera 1988Strange Foretold 1982, Love in the Time of Cholera 1988Strange Pilgrims 1993, Of Love and Other Demons 1995Pilgrims 1993, Of Love and Other Demons 1995

Wiliam Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Virginia Wiliam Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Virginia WoolfWoolf

Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982 Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982

Lorna Dee CervantesLorna Dee Cervantes B. 1954 raised in California- Chicano Deals with issues of B. 1954 raised in California- Chicano Deals with issues of

the the bariobario and blue-collar family life and labor and blue-collar family life and labor 1971 Mango Publications for women Chicano writers 1971 Mango Publications for women Chicano writers A decidedly feminist literary and social activist A decidedly feminist literary and social activist Ethnic and gender identity, the personal and the mythic-Ethnic and gender identity, the personal and the mythic-

historical and cultural, neocolonialhistorical and cultural, neocolonial Tough, even cynical, strong, personal, humorous, ironicTough, even cynical, strong, personal, humorous, ironic EmplumadaEmplumada (1981) and (1981) and From the Cables of GenocideFrom the Cables of Genocide

(1991) award winning volumes of poetry (1991) award winning volumes of poetry 2 fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts 2 fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts University of Colorado creative writing program directorUniversity of Colorado creative writing program director

Jose ArmasJose Armas B. 1944 B. 1944 U. New Mexico, U AlbuquerqueU. New Mexico, U Albuquerque Publisher critic, community organizer: empowering Publisher critic, community organizer: empowering

the disenfranchised and Latinosthe disenfranchised and Latinos Social, education, & political commentary on LatinosSocial, education, & political commentary on Latinos Leader in 1969 Serna vs. Portales case establishing Leader in 1969 Serna vs. Portales case establishing

national bilingual education programsnational bilingual education programs Created diversity training programs Created diversity training programs Ghost writer for speeches by Latino political leadersGhost writer for speeches by Latino political leaders Est. 1Est. 1stst Chicano publishing houses in the U.S. Chicano publishing houses in the U.S. NEA fellowshipNEA fellowship

Oscar CasaresOscar Casares

B. 1964 Brownsville, TxB. 1964 Brownsville, Tx Iowa Writers’ Workshop Iowa Writers’ Workshop Teaches Creative Writing at U Texas & Teaches Creative Writing at U Texas &

Director of M.A. English program Director of M.A. English program NEA fellowship, American Library NEA fellowship, American Library

Association Notable Book of 2004Association Notable Book of 2004 AmigolandAmigoland and and BrownsvilleBrownsville http://www.oscarcasares.com/http://www.oscarcasares.com/

index.htmlindex.html

Amy TanAmy Tan B. 1952 Oakland, CA, Chinese AmericanB. 1952 Oakland, CA, Chinese American Attended high school in SwitzerlandAttended high school in Switzerland San Jose State & Berkeley, B.A., M.A. San Jose State & Berkeley, B.A., M.A. Free-lance business writer—Squaw Valley Free-lance business writer—Squaw Valley

Writer’s Workshop in CA then wrote full-timeWriter’s Workshop in CA then wrote full-time Matrilineal narratives (1970s-1980s feminism), Matrilineal narratives (1970s-1980s feminism),

generational and cultural differences, gender generational and cultural differences, gender role issues, marriage, motherhood, work, culturerole issues, marriage, motherhood, work, culture

The Joy Luck ClubThe Joy Luck Club (1989), (1989), The Kitchen-God’s The Kitchen-God’s WifeWife (1991), (1991), The Hundred Secret SensesThe Hundred Secret Senses (1995), (1995), TheThe Bonesetter’s DaughterBonesetter’s Daughter (2001), (2001), The Opposite The Opposite of Fateof Fate (2003) bio-essays (2003) bio-essays

Diana Chang 1934-2009Diana Chang 1934-2009

Chinese—19Chinese—19thth century century immigration/detention centersimmigration/detention centers

The Frontiers of LoveThe Frontiers of Love (1956) autobio (1956) autobio novel, novel,

What Matisse is AfterWhat Matisse is After (1984) (1984)