short baseline neutrino oscillation experiments at nuclear ...€¦ · power energy per fission...
TRANSCRIPT
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Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg
Erice School, Sicily Sept, 17th 2017
Short baseline neutrino oscillation experiments at nuclear reactors
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Neutrino oscillations
⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
=⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
3
2
1
321
321
321
ν
ν
ν
ν
ν
ν
τττ
µµµ
τ
µ
UUUUUUUUU eeee
Δmatm2 ~ 2.5·10-3 eV2, sin2(2θ23) ~ 1
Δmsol2 ~ 7.5·10-5 eV2, sin2(2θ12) ~ 0.85
sin2(2θ13) ~ 0.1
ν2
Δmatm2
Δmsol2 ν1
ν3 sin2θ13
sin2θ23
sin2θ12
νe
νµ
ντ
PMNS matrix
Normal or inverted hierarchy? Absolute scale?
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Reactor neutrinos
N!exp (E, t)! 1
L2"Pth (t)Ef
" " f
Thermal power
Energy per fission
distance Cross section per fission
Ø Pure νe source (6 / fission) Ø High rate: 1020 ν / (GW s) Ø Energy: 1-10 MeV
! f = "kk! Sk
0
"
# (E)$! det (E)dE
Fractional fission rate of isotope k
ν spectrum Detection cross section
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IBD reaction !e + p! e+ + n
Eth = 1.8 MeV Evis = Eν – 0.8 MeV
gammas 8 MeV
Gd
n
gamma 2.2 MeV
H
6Li
T
α
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Oscillation at reactors Short baseline experiments
θ13 experiments Double Chooz Daya Bay, RENO
„Solar“ θ12: KamLAND, JUNO
4 MeV neutrinos
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Reactor neutrino anomaly
R = 0.940 ± 0.024 (2.5σ deviation from unity)
• New flux prediction in context of θ13 experiments • Updates on conversion from measured beta spectra at ILL
(Müller et al., Huber)
G.Boireau et al., PRD 93, 112006 (2016)
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Spectral distortion
Visible Energy (MeV)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.
25 M
eVD
ata
/ Pre
dict
ed
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2 DataNo oscillationReactor flux uncertaintyTotal systematic uncertainty
= 0.0901322Best fit: sin2 = 0.00244 eV2mat
DC-III (n-Gd)Livetime: 467.90 days
§ Excess events in 4 – 6 MeV region § Similar behavior seen in Daya Bay, RENO and NEOS § Background and energy scale disfavored § Neutrino prediction?!
Y.Abe et al., JHEP10 (2014)
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Nuclear or neutrino physics?
Δmatm2 Δmsol
2
log m2
Δmano2
...even more? νe
νµ
ντ
νs
Sterile neutrino could explain rate anomaly, not spectral distortion
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Sterile neutrino solution
G.Mention et al., PRD 83, 073006 (2011)
Δm2 ≈ 1 eV2, sin2(2θ) ≈ 0.1
L (m)
Data and expectation with (blue) and without (black dashed) sterile neutrino
Allowed region from combination of reactor, Ga source, MiniBooNE
L! E"m2Oscillation length:
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End of sterile neutrino option? Daya Bay, PRL118, 251801 (2017): § Rate vs fuel evolution § Combined fit for 235U and 239Pu § 239Pu consistent with model § 235U almost 8% lower § Disfavor equal deficit at 2.6σ Hayes et al. (arXiv 1707.07728) “…conclude that there is currently not enough information…to rule out … sterile neutrinos.” Giunti et al. (arXiv 1708.01133) Combined analysis of DB evolution data and global rate data favors oscillation over 235U/239Pu Dentler et al. (arXiv 1709.0429) „…sterile neutrino hypothesis cannot be rejected based on global data…“
Normalization of flux predictions fully correlated?
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Reactor experiments worldwide
Stereo
Solid DANSS Neutrino-4
NEOS Prospect
Antineutrino Global Map 2015, Sci.Rep.5 (2015) 13945
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NEOS • LEU reactor, d=25 m • Unsegmented, 1t Gd-LS • Running 2015/2016 • 2000 neutrinos/day
Daya Bay comparison
Best fit RAA Best fit NEOS (sin22θ14= 0.05, Δm2 =1.73 eV2)
Y.Ko, AAP 2016
Exluded (90% CL): NEOS Daya Bay/ Bugey
Details on Thursday by Y.Oh !
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DANSS • 3 GW LEU reactor (h = 3.5 m) • 10.7 – 12.7 m baseline (moveable) • 1 m3 plastic scintillator strips (2500!)
covered by Gd („safe detector design“) • Low background site (cosmics: 5%)
0.0
6.6
10.7
19.6
h
Water
Reactor core
DANSS
Overburden: 50 mw.e.
I.Alekseev et al., JINST 11 (2016) P11011
Bump? MC normalization! 20.3
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DANSS premilinary results About 5000 neutrino events/day (data taking since April 2016)
Y.Shitov, TAUP 2017
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Stereo • ILL Grenoble: 57.8 MW HEU reactor • 10 m baseline • Gd liquid scintillator (1800 liters) • Segmentation (6 Target cells)
6 target cells filled with Gd-doped LS
Outer crown: LS (no Gd)
3 m
1.5
m
93 t detector flying on air cushions
Buffer oil
Acrylic buffers
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Stereo analysis Sensitivity with 300 days
Preliminary
• 75 days reactor ON • ~ 300 neutrinos/ day
Delayed E target cell
Preliminary
Rate neutrino candidates
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Neutrino-4
A.P.Serebrov et al. arXiv:1702.00941 (2017)
• 90 MW reactor (35x42x42cm3)
• Gd liquid scintillator (3 m3) • 6-12 m baseline (moveable!) • Cosmic background! (S/B ≈ 0.25) • Full scale data since June 2016
Check of 1/L2 behaviour
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Neutrino-4: first results
Neutrino-4 data normalized to 0.936 (lack of accurate abs. efficiency)
A.P.Serebrov et al. arXiv:1702.00941 (2017)
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Solid • 6-9 m from HEU reactor (60 MW) • New technology: Composite scintillator
(6LiF) • High segmentation (13000 cubes) • Detector mass: 1600 kg
Commissioning Summer 2017, started data taking?
Tyvek
PVT
LiF:ZnS
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Solid: Prototype to full scale
Full scale (1600 kg)
SM 1 (288 kg) Nemenix (8 kg)
- 2013: Nemenix Proof of concept - 2014/15: SM1 Background and scalability - 2017: Phase 1
Δm2=1.8 eV2
sin2(2θ)=0.09
L. Manzanillas, TAUP 2017
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Prospect (US) • HFIR: 85 MW, 7-12 m baseline • 3000 liter Li-loaded liquid scintillator • 10x12 segmented optical array • S/B projected ≈3
Prospect-50
K.Heeger, TAUP 2017
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Prospect Outlook
• Start data taking 2017
• About 160 kevents/y
• 4 σ test of best fit in 1 y
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Sterile neutrinos at reactors
Name Pth (MW)
L (m)
Dep. (mwe)
Mtarg. (t)
Tech. Seg. S/N Start
Neos 2700 25 20 1 Gd-LS N 22 2015
DANSS 3000 9-12 50 0.9 Gd-PS Y ≈20 2016
Neutrino4 90 6-12 5-10 1.5 Gd-LS Y <1 2016
Stereo 57.8 9-11 15 1.7 Gd-LS Y ≈1 2016
Solid 100 6-11 10 1.6 6Li-PS Y ≈1 2017
Prospect 85 7-12 few 3 6Li-LS Y 3 2017
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Other detection techniques
Nuclear Power Plant Brokdorf, 3.9 GW
Coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CEνNS)
CONUS shielding
Start data taking this year!
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Summary Ø All mixing angles and mass splittings measured in three
flavor neutrino model Ø Reactor neutrinos at short baseline observe anomalous
behavior for rate and shape (correlated?) Ø Worldwide search for light sterile neutrinos at reactors Ø Several experiments started or are close to full scale
data taking Ø Sensitivity of experiments should allow to test most
important allowed regions within the next two years