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Submitted By:- Shonima Prakash 111rd sem MCA

Chinmaya Institute of Technology

SAFETY AIRBAGS IN CARS

OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC

IntroductionThe basics of AirbagsDevelopment of AirbagsMain parts of AirbagsSensor typesWorking of AirbagsModern types of AirbagsFuture of AirbagsDisarming the AirbagsConclusion

For years, the trusty seat belt provided the sole form of passive restraint in our cars.

There were debated about their safety, especially relating to children.

But over time, mush of the country adopted mandatory seat-belt laws.

Statistics have shown that the use of seat belts has saved thousands of lives that might have been lost in collisions.

Air Bags have been under development for many years.

INTRODUCTION

No safety device has consumed more attention and resources than the airbag.

It is known with high confidence that

when a crash occurs, the presence of airbag reduces fatality risk to drivers.

Airbags are subject of serious government and industry research.

THE BASICS OF AIR BAGS

Newton’s second law of motion :

If objects aren’t restrained, they will continue moving at the speed of the moving car even if the car is stopped by collision.

All airbags need to do is to slow down passenger’s speed.

DEVELOPMENT OF AIR BAGSFirst patent on an inflatable crash-landing

device for airplanes was filed during World War II.

In the 1980’s the first commercial air bags appeared in automobiles.

Ever since 1988, it became a binding.

Efforts to adapt the airbag was stranded due to prohibitive prices and technical hurdles.

MAIN PARTS OF AIR BAG

Bag

Sensor

Inflation System

Bag

Made of a thin, nylon fabric, which is folded into the steering wheel or dashboard or, the seat or door.

The powdery substance released (regular cornstarch or talcum powder ) is used to keep the bags lubricated while they’re in storage.

SENSORThe sensor is the device that tells the bag to inflate.

It works with the control module to discriminate between crash and non-crash events.

INFLATION SYSTEMNaN3 + KNO3 = produce large volume of nitrogen gas.

Hot Blasts of the nitrogen inflate the air bag from its storage site up to 322Kmph.

CONSTRUCTION OF AIR BAGS Airbag are assemblies consisting of

the airbag (made of Nylon), inflator modules and sensor housing, electrical connectors (Clock spring), airbag retainer and the cover.

SENSOR TYPES

BALL AND MAGNET TYPE SENSOR

SPRING AND ROLLER TYPE

INFLATOR ASSEMBLY

o Control module activates the airbag assembly - an electric current is sent to the detonator - ignition the sodium azide pallets – evolves nitrogen gas.

WORKING OF AIR BAGSAir Bags are designed to inflate in frontal impacts in which the car strikes about 16 Kilometers per hour .

After collision , sensors sends an electric current to igniter system.

The electric current heats a filament (wire), which ignites a capsule which in turn ignites the gas-generating pallets.

The gas expands quickly and inflation of airbags thereby takes place, which breaks through a plastic cover in the steering wheel .

The whole process takes about 0.1 second

MODERN TYPES OF AIR BAGS

Curtain Air Bags

Developed by Mercedes and Volvo.

Inflate in front of windows to provide passengers better head and neck protection.

More efficient at tipping and side impacts .

Reduce HIC by 80% .

HEAD THROAX BAG

Developed by ford and Renault .

High protection to head .

Inflatable Tubular Structure (ITS)

Developed by BMW .

The world’s first airbag for head protection .

FUTURE OF AIR BAGSSMART SYSTEMS

Weight Sensors: determine what type of occupant is in the seat, i.e. adult or child.

Infrared Occupant detection: To detect the distance the passenger is from the airbag .

Capacitive Reflective Occupant Sensing: Identify the distance passengers from the dashboard.

To discriminate between a human occupant and inanimate objects

Updated sensors : Deploys the seat belt pretensioners faster to get benefits of the airbags.

Centralized electronic Control Unit: The new sensor technology through new software.

Smart Air Bag

AIR BAG DEPLOYMENT

Airbag inflation .

Depicts your contact with the airbag .

Coming to rest in the seat and the deflation of the airbag .

All takes place in about 30 milliseconds .

Driver’s Side Airbag

AIR BAGS CHECKS

o When we turn the key, look at the dash to find airbag or SRS light for 7-10 seconds and then go out.

oProblem occurs when

If the light does not come on .If the light does not go off after period .If the Light comes on while driving .

DISARMING THE AIR BAGSDisconnect the battery

Wait 30 seconds.

Remove the airbag fuse.

Drop the sound insulator panel.

Disconnect the circuits .

Thus the bag is disarmed.

Keep the bag below 130 degree Celsius .

CONCLUSION

Air bags are of greater importance in today’s vehicles since safety of human life is of prior importance.

So far safe riding and for saving the precious life the safety bags must be implemented.

Let’s hope every automobile manufacturer implement the same.

THANK YOU