shingles recycling
DESCRIPTION
Shingles Recycling. A presentation by Dan Krivit at the 49 th Annual Wisconsin Asphalt Paving Conference In Waukesha, Wisconsin Wednesday, November 15, 2006. Definitions. Manufacturers’ Asphalt Shingle Scrap Tear-Off Asphalt Shingle Scrap - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Shingles RecyclingA presentation by Dan Krivit at the
49th Annual WisconsinAsphalt Paving Conference
In Waukesha, Wisconsin
Wednesday, November 15, 2006
Definitions
• Manufacturers’ Asphalt Shingle Scrap
• Tear-Off Asphalt Shingle Scrap
• Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS)(Crushed & screened)
History
• 15 years +
• Multiple research studies in lab and field
• Manufacturer shingle scrap in hot-mix asphalt best known, most accepted practice
• Still relatively new application
Key Barriers
• Lack of clear industry standards and specifications
• Inconsistent state regulations
• Lack of adequate information / technology transfer
• Lack of national leadership by private industry and government
New Jersey DOT Asphalt Cement Price Index
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
J-90 J-91 J-92 J-93 J-94 J-95 J-96 J-97 J-98 J-99 J-00 J-01 J-02 J-03 J-04 J-05 J-06
Month (as of June 1 each year)
$ p
er t
on (
En
glis
h)
Composition of Residential Asphalt Shingles
Recent Composition: Weight Ranges of Typical Asphalt Shingles
• 32 to 42% Coating filler (limestone or fly ash)
• 28 to 42% Granules (painted rocks & coal slag)
• 16 to 25% Asphalt
• 3 to 6% Back dust (limestone or silica sand)
• 2 to 15% Mat (fiberglass, paper, cotton rags)
• 0.2 to 2% Adhesives (modified asphalt based)
Multiple Applications• Hot mix asphalt (HMA)
• Aggregate / gravel
• Dust control
• Cold patch
• Ground cover
• Fuel
• New shingles
Factors Affecting HMA Performance
• Aggregate gradation of RAS
• Properties of final blended binder content within the HMA as affected by:
– RAS asphalt binder
– Virgin binder
Factors AffectingHMA Performance (continued)
• Location RAS is incorporated into HMA drum
• Temperature
• Moisture content of RAS and other aggregates
• Retention time in HMA drum
Potential Benefits• Rutting resistance (especially at
warmer temperatures)
• Conservation of landfill space
• Economic savings to HMA producer due to reduced need for virgin asphalt binder (add oil)
Potential Disadvantages
• Contamination (tear-offs)
• Added costs of processing and use in HMA
• Increased low-temperature / fatigue cracking
Performance Grading (PG)
Asphalt Grades• PG 64-22
(“PG sixty-four minus twenty-two”)
• High temperature for rut resistance 64°C (147°F)
• Low temperature for fatigue and cold weather performance(e.g., cracking) -22°C (-8°F)
Mitigating Low Temperature Impacts of RAS
• Use less RAS instead of 5%(e.g., use 2% to 3%)
• Adjust the virgin binder PG to one grade softer (e.g., PG 52-34)
Deleterious Material• Nails
• Other metal
• Wood
• Cellophane
• Other plastic
• Paper
• Fiber board
U of MN Research
• Professor Mihai MarasteanuDept. of Civil EngineeringAsphalt Lab
• Adam ZofkaGraduate Student
Missouri HMA Samples
• Two recycled sources:– Tear-off shingles (5%)– Recycled asphalt pavement (20%)
• Two virgin binders performance grades:– PG 64-22– PG 58-28
Marasteanu, July 2006
Creep Stiffness (MO: PG 64-22)
10.8 12.0
19.5
9.5
34.4 34.7
0
10
20
30
40
-10C -20C -30C
Stif
fnes
s @
100
sec
20% RAPPG 64-22
15% RAP5% shing.PG 64-22
Marasteanu, July 2006
Creep Stiffness (MO: PG 64-22)
Marasteanu, July 2006
7.48.9
16.4
5.9
27.530.3
0
10
20
30
40
-10C -20C -30C
Stif
fnes
s @
500
sec
20% RAPPG 64-22
15% RAP5% shing.PG 64-22
Marasteanu, July 2006
Creep Stiffness (MO: PG 58-28)
6.1
11.5
17.3
8.1
16.6
21.4
0
10
20
30
-10C -20C -30C
Stif
fnes
s @
100
sec
20% RAPPG 58-28
15% RAP5% shing.PG 58-28
Marasteanu, July 2006
Creep Stiffness (MO: PG 58-28)
4.0
7.8
15.3
5.7
12.9
15.9
0
10
20
30
-10C -20C -30C
Stif
fnes
s @
500
sec
20% RAPPG 58-28
15% RAP5% shing.PG 58-28
Marasteanu, July 2006
Strength (MO: PG 64-22)
Marasteanu, July 2006
4.54.9
3.94.3 4.2
4.7
0
3
6
-10C -20C -30C
Ten
sile
Str
engt
h [M
Pa]
20% RAPPG 64-22
15% RAP5% shing.PG 64-22
Marasteanu, July 2006
Strength (MO: PG 58-28)
4.1
4.5 4.44.4 4.54.5
0
3
6
-10C -20C -30C
Ten
sile
Str
engt
h [M
Pa]
20% RAPPG 58-28
15% RAP5% shing.PG 58-28
Marasteanu, July 2006
Conclusions: Stiffness (MO: At temperatures below -10°C)
• PG -22 mixture: addition of shingles increases the mixture stiffness considerably (a)
• PG -28 mixture: stiffness difference lessened (b)
Marasteanu, July 2006
Conclusions: Strength (MO: At temperatures below -10°C)
No significant affects due to shingles for either PG -22 or PG -28 mixtures
Marasteanu, July 2006
Minnesota HMA Samples
• Three types of recycled materials
– 20% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP),
– 15% RAP + 5% Tear-off recycled asphalt shingles (RAS),
– 15% RAP + 5% Manufactured RAS.
• Only one virgin asphalt binder: PG 58-28
Marasteanu, July 2006
Creep Stiffness (MN: PG 58-28) (@ 100 seconds)
0.2
2.7
10.0
0.5
5.0
13.5
0.2
5.5
8.2
0
4
8
12
16
0 -10 -20
Temperature [oC]
Stif
fnes
s [G
Pa]
20% RAP
15% RAP + 5% Tear-off
15% RAP + 5% Manufactured
Marasteanu, July 2006
Creep Stiffness (MN: PG 58-28) (@ 500 seconds)
0.1
1.1
5.6
0.2
2.3
8.7
0.1
2.7
5.3
0
4
8
12
16
0 -10 -20
Temperature [oC]
Stif
fnes
s [G
Pa]
20% RAP
15% RAP + 5% Tear-off
15% RAP + 5% Manufactured
Marasteanu, July 2006
Strength (MN: PG 58-28)
3.2
4.64.8
3.2
4.5
5.1
2.9
4.5
5.3
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
0 -10 -20
Temperature [oC]
Ten
sile
Str
engt
h [M
Pa]
20% RAP
15% RAP + 5% Tear-off
15% RAP + 5% Manufactured
Marasteanu, July 2006
Creep Stiffness (MO vs. MN)(@ 100 seconds)
6.1
11.5
10.0
8.1
16.6
5.0
13.5
2.7
0
4
8
12
16
20
-10C -20C
Temperature [oC]
Sti
ffn
ess
[GP
a]
20% RAP - MO
20% RAP - MN
15% RAP + 5% Tear-off - MO
15% RAP + 5% Tear-off - MN
Marasteanu, July 2006
Creep Stiffness (MO vs. MN) (@ 500 seconds)
4.0
7.8
5.65.7
12.9
2.3
8.7
1.1
0
4
8
12
16
20
-10C -20C
Temperature [oC]
Sti
ffn
ess
[GP
a]
20% RAP - MO
20% RAP - MN
15% RAP + 5% Tear-off - MO
15% RAP + 5% Tear-off - MN
Marasteanu, July 2006
Conclusions: Stiffness (MN)
• Adding tear-offs significantly increases stiffness of the mixtures at all test temperatures (a)
• Adding manufactured increases stiffness only at 0°C and -10°C (b)
Marasteanu, July 2006
Conclusions: Strength (MN)
No significant affects due to either tear-off or manufacturers’ shingles scrap
Marasteanu, July 2006
Conclusions: Stiffness(MO vs. MN)
• Lower stiffness values for the Minnesota RAP mixtures compared to Missouri mixtures
• Lower stiffness values for the MN combinations of RAP + RAS compared to MO mixtures (a)
Marasteanu, July 2006
Minnesota Extracted Binder Samples
Marasteanu, July 2006
• Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) (a)
• Direct Tension Tests (DTT) (b)
BBR (MN)
Marasteanu, July 2006
BBR Conclusions (continued)
Marasteanu, July 2006
• Addition of shingles changes the properties (a)
• The two types of shingles perform differently– The manufactured material seems to be
beneficial (b)
– The tear-off material affects properties in a negative way (although it also decreases BBR stiffness) (c)
BBR Conclusions (continued)
• m-value not fully understood (a)
• The limited data also shows that binder and mixture results do not always agree (b)
• Need further research (c)
Marasteanu, July 2006
Mn/DOT Research
• Jim McGraw,DirectorMn/DOT Chemistry Lab
Shingle Asphalt Content
0.05.0
10.015.020.0
25.030.035.0
40.045.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sample
%A
C
Manufacture Waste
Demcon Tear-Off
RAP
McGraw, July 2006
AC Impact in Final Mix(at 5% RAS)
• RAS binder addition:
–Manufacturers’ adds 1.0% binder
–Tear-offs adds 1.8%
McGraw, July 2006
Shingles Low PG Temp
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sample
PG
Tem
p
MW- TTS TO-TTSMcGraw, July 2006
Final Hot Mix Low Temperature PG (a)
• Tear-off -28.8 (b)
• Manufacturers’ -26.2 (c)
• RAP -29.2 (d)
McGraw, July 2006
Conclusions• More mixture testing (a)
• Experimental design needs true control
• Shingle only study (b)
• Field reviews of past projects (c)
• Re-evaluate current Mn/DOT spec (d)
McGraw, July 2006
Additional National Developments
• New AASHTO specification
• EPA / CMRA study
• www.ShingleRecycling.org
• Asbestos data base
States Using RAS(in 1999)
Justus, September 2004
Ayres, April 2004
AASHTO Specification (continued)
• Deleterious material maximum limits (Section 8):(material retained on the No. 4 sieve)
– Heavy fraction = 0.50%
– Lightweight fraction = 0.05%
Missouri Shingle Spec• Extrinsic Material Allowance Raised
– 3.0% Total– 1.5% Wood
AASHTO Specification (continued)
• Asbestos levels:
“…shall be certified to be asbestos free.” (Section 5.2)
“(Tear-off shingles are) construction debris and various state and local regulations may be applicable to its use. The user of this specification is advised to contact state and local transportation departments and environmental agencies to determine what additional requirements may be necessary.” (Note 2)
Asbestos Risk
• Incidence of asbestos is extremely low
• Average content was only:
– 0.02% in 1963
– 0.00016% in 1973
NAHB, 1999
ASRAS Data
• Iowa (1,791 samples), no hits
• Maine (118 samples), no hits
• Mass:– (2,288 composite samples) 11 hits < 1%– (69 tarpaper samples) 2 < 5%– (109 ground RAS samples) 2 < 1%
• Florida (287 samples), 2 hits > 1%
Ruesch, April 2003.
ASRAS Data(continued)
• Missouri (6 samples), no hits• Hawaii (100 samples), 1 hit > 1%• Minnesota (156 samples), no hits• Minnesota (50 tarpaper), 1 hit @ 2% - 5%
We still want more data!
(for EPA / CMRA project.)
Ruesch, April 2003.
DKA / AESAirborne Fiber Tests
As part of the RMRC Project:
Environmental Testing of Airborne Particles atThe Shingle Processing Plant
Krivit, April 2003.
La Cross County, WIShingles Recycling Demonstration
• Marty Cieslik (Foth & Van Dyke) and Brian Tippetts (La Crosse County Solid Waste Director)
• Dr. Ervin Dukatz (VP-Materials and Research - Mathy Construction Company - Onalaska).
Use of Shingles on Dairy FarmsWest Central, WI
• Bernie Wenzel (Resource Recovery Team - Stratford, WI) and Deb Pingel (DNR-West Central Region).
Summary Highlights
• Risk from asbestos is negligible to non-existent
• Two rounds of sampling for total:– Dust (1999)– Fibers (2002)
• Common sense and best management practices can help prevent employee exposure
Krivit, April 2003.
List of Roofing Waste Items Included for Recycling
“YES” (Include these items):
• Asphalt shingles
• Felt attached to shingles
List of Roofing Waste Items Excluded for Recycling
“NO” (Do NOT include):
• Wood• Metal flashings, gutters, etc• Nails (best effort)• Plastic wrap, buckets• Paper waste• No other garbage or trash
Lista de material para techos basura artículo para reciclar:
Si (Incluya) No / Ningun (No incluya)
• Repias • Madera
• Papel del fietro • Metal: flashings, canales
• Clavos
• Plastico
• Basura de papel
• La otra basura
Comprehensive Quality Control Plan
Quality control of supply
Worker safety and health protection
Final product quality, storage and handling
Shingle recycling system design
Final product sampling and lab testing
Quality Specs: Scrap Feedstock and
Final Products
• Free of debris / trash / foreign matter
• Tear-off scrap must be asphalt shingles only
• No nails!
Recommendations
1. Continue MARKET DEVELOPMENT (a)
2. MANAGE the asbestos issue (b)
3. PROTECT employee health and safety (c)
4. GUARANTEE your product quality (d)
NCAUPG
• Conference in Minneapolis, MNJanuary 10-11, 2007Contact:
Lynn Warble at (765) 463-2317 or [email protected]
• http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~spave/NCAUPG/Index.html
NCAUPG January 2007 Conference
• Hot Mix Asphalt Technical Conference Session II Wednesday, January 10, 2007, 1:00 – 5:00 p.m. Moderators: Mike Kvach and Will Stalcup, NCAUPG Co-Chairmen – HMA Economics 101
• 1:00 – 2:00 RAP and Recycling of Asphalt Shingles:– Roger Brown, Pace Construction
– Joe Schroer, Missouri DOT
– Dusty Ordorff, Bituminous Roadways
– Dan Gallagher, Gallagher Asphalt
NCAUPG January 2007 Conference
• Hot Mix Asphalt Technical Conference Session III Thursday, January 11, 2007, 7:30 – 11:45 a.m.
• Moderators: Mike Kvach and Will Stalcup, NCAUPG Co-Chairmen – 9:30 – 10:00 Low Temperature Cracking:
Mihai Marasteanu, University of Minnesota
C&D Recycling World Exposition and Show
• Conference in San Antonio, TexasJanuary 14 - 16, 2007Contact:Lola Perez or Maria Miller at 800.456.0707 or [email protected] or [email protected]
• http://www.cdworldshow.com/