Type 2 Mellitus

What?How?Why?

Shin Yie ChinBiomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo

Internship in Luna Medical Care PCSeptember 29, 2012

What is it?

• Most common form of diabetes• 25.8 millions in the U.S. have diabetes (2011)• Body does not produce enough insulin OR• The cells ignore the insulin• Insulin: needed for the body to use glucose to

produce energy

Eat Food

Body breaks down all the sugars and starch into GLUCOSE

INSULIN takes

GLUCOSE from the

blood into cells

GLUCOSE in cells make

ENERGY

HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL

Eat Food

Body breaks down all the sugars and starch into GLUCOSE

INSULIN takes

GLUCOSE from the

blood into cells

GLUCOSE in blood

HIGH BLOOD SUGAR

DIABETIC INDIVIDUAL

Diabetes Complications• Eye, foot, skin complications• Heart Disease• Mental health problems• Hearing Loss• Oral health problems• Nerve Damage• Kidney Disease• Stroke• Blindness• Amputation• Dehydration • ………..

Causes?• Lifestyle factors and Genetics• Obesity – runs in families, families

tend to have similar eating and exercise habits

• Bad eating habits, poor diet, not exercising

• Genetics: runs in families, already in your gene, can’t change

• Lifestyle: you can do something about it!

http://www.metacure.com/about-diabetes-2/type-2-diabetes-mellitus-t2dm/

Risk Factors• Ethnicity: More common in African Americans, Latinos,

Native Americans, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians.• Age: risk begins to rise at about 45years old• Family history• Obesity / overweight• Inactive lifestyle • High alcohol intake• High fat and carbohydrate diet• High blood pressure

Symptoms• Frequent urination• Unusual thirst• Extreme hunger• Unusual weight loss• Extreme fatigue and irritability• Frequent infections• Blurred visions• Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal• Tingling/numbness in the hands/feet• Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections

Myths• 1. Diabetes is not that serious of a disease.

– Fact: Diabetes causes more deaths a year than breast cancer and AIDS combined. 2 out of 3 people with diabetes die from heart disease or stroke.

• 2. If you are overweight or obese, you will eventually develop Type 2 Diabetes– Fact: Obesity is a risk factor, but other risk factors also play a role, such as family history, ethnicity and age. Many overweight people never develop type 2 diabetes.

Questions?

Thank you for

your attention!