Shifting Power After 1900CE

Period4

Unit7

Dominant Skill: Contextualization

Explain how a specific historical development or

process is situated within a broader historical

context.

Learning Objective 7A: Explain how internal and external factors

contributed to a change in various states after

1900CE.

Thematic Focus: POLITICAL

Historical Development: The West dominated the global political order at the

beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based

and maritime empires gave way to new states by the

century’s end.

Historical Development: The older, land-based Ottoman, Russian, and Qing

empires collapsed due to a combination of internal

and external factors. These changes in Russia

eventually led to communist revolution.

Collapse of the Ottoman Empire In the period leading up to WWI, The Ottoman Empire was contracting due to imperialism by England and France and revolutions in the Balkans.

The Mandate SystemAfter the loss in WWI, the newly formed League of Nations took control of much of the Ottoman Empire away, giving England and France the mandate to develop the territory as new countries.

Russian RevolutionIn March of 1917, the Russian empire falls and a republic is established, which falls in November of the same year and a new Bolshevik government is instituted.

Communist RevolutionIn 1922, Lenin forms the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). By 1929, Stalin assumes control of the Soviet Union.

Lenin Stalin

Fall of the QingSun Yat Sen led the successful Xinhairebellion against the Qing dynasty, but did NOT claim mandate of heaven, instead forming a republic.

The Republic of ChinaFrom the successful revolution in 1912 until the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, China was considered a republic. At that time the nationalist forces retreated to Taiwan which still considers itself the Republic of China.

Swearing in of Yuan Shaki in 1912

The Chinese Civil WarCommunists under the rule of Mao Zedong succeeded in pushing the nationalists back to Taiwan and assumed control of China calling it the People’s Republic of China.

Historical Development: States around the world challenged the existing

political and social order, including the Mexican

Revolution that arose as a result of political crisis.

Mexican Revolution of 1910A series of conflicts in Mexico between 1910-1920 led to various reforms in land ownership and a new constitution in 1917.

Shifting Power After 1900CE

Period4

Unit7

Harkness DiscussionDiscussion: Group 1 Evaluators: Group 4

Source Document 7-1

“The Collapse of Land-Based Empires”

What elements in the collapse of the Ottoman

Empire could be found in other land-based

empires?