sheweli under siege burmese
DESCRIPTION
Sheweli under siegeTRANSCRIPT
xdef;csKyfr_atmufujrpfa&$vDxdef;csKyfr_atmufujrpfa&$vDjrefrmEdkifiHwGif ppfyGJrsm;qufvufjzpfyGm;aeaomfvnf; qnfwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm; a&S@qufaejcif;
tpD&ifcHpm taMumif;tpD&ifcHpm taMumif;
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ppfyGJrsm;qufvufjzpfyGm;aeaomfvnf; qnfwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm; a&S@qufaejcif;?2011 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvwGif xkwfa0jzef@csDonf? ,cktpD&ifcHpmESifh ywfoufI wtmif;ausmif;om; vli,frsm;tzGJ@onf a&$vDa&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef; trSwf (1) ESifh ywfoufI 2007 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 3 &ufae@wGif “ppfzdeyfatmufwGif” (Under the Boot) trnf&Sd tpD&ifcHpmudk xkwfjyefcJhygonf? ‚tpD&ifcHpmwGif a&$vDtrSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef; wnfaqmufaer_ESifh tusKd;quftjzpf wtmif;vlxk rsm;tay: xdcdkufoufa&mufaeyHkrsm;udk wifjycJhygonf? ,cktpD&ifcHpmonf ,cif “ppfzdeyfatmufwGif” tpD&ifcHpm. aemufqufwGJ wifjycsufjzpf+yD;/ a&$vDtrSwf (2)/ (3) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;rsm;. qdk;usKd;oufa&mufaeyHkrsm;udk wifjyxm;ygonf?
wtmif;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@ (TYSO)onf “ppfzdeyfatmufwGif” tpD&ifcHpm xkwfjyefcJhcsdef 2007ckESpfrSpI qnfwnfaqmuf&mae&mrsm;wGif tajctaeudk qufvufavhvmaecJhygonf? a'ocHokawoejyKolrsm;u pDrHudef;rsm;a=umifh xdcdkuf epfemae&onfh aus;&Gmvlxkrsm;/ &yf&Gmacgif;aqmifrsm;/ opfxkwfvkyfolrsm;/ tvkyf orm;rsm;ESifh 2010ckESpfwGif 3-vwmr# awG@qHkar;jref;cJh+yD;/ 2011ckESpfwGifvnf; 3-v=um awG@qHkar;jref; r_rsm; jyKcJhygonf? rdk;rdwf/ erfhcrf;ESifh refwkef+rdK@e,f 3-ckudk tajcjyKum avhvmcJhjcif; jzpfonf? awG@qHkar;jref;cJhol aus;&Gmvlxkrsm;xHrS olwdk@ESifhar; jref;cJhonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk toHk;jyKcGifhvnf; ar;jref;pOfwGif awmif;cHcJhygonf? odk@aomfvnf; xdkolrsm;. udk,fa&;tcsuftvufrSefrsm;udk vHk+cKHa&;tajctaea=umifh xdefcsefxm;&ygonf? tjcm;owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk 'kwd,&if;jrpfrsm;rS pkaqmif;avh vmcJh+yD;/ wdkufqdkifppfaq;r_rsm;vnf; jyKcJhygonf?
,ckpDrHudef;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;onf v#Kd@0Sufxdefcsefxm;onfESifhtr#/ jrefrmppftpdk; &u qnfwnfaqmuf&m ae&mrsm;odk@ oGm;a&mufcGifhudk wif;usyfpGm ydwfyifxm;&m/ ,ck tpD&ifcHpm ay:xGufvma&;twGuf cufcJyif yef;pGm }udK;yrf;cJh=u&ygonf? odk@aomfvnf; qnfwnfaqmuf&mae&m a'orsm;wGif rnfodk@jzpfysufaeonfudk trSeftwdkif; wifjy&ef rdrdwdk@u oHEMdXmefcsxm;=u+yD;/ qnfrsm;a=umifh xdcdkufepfemEdkifonfh tajctaeudk a'ocH aus;&Gmvlxkrsm;xHodk@ ynmay;r_rsm;vnf; jyKvkyfaecJhygonf? xdkaus;&Gmvlxkrsm;taejzifh olwdk@. pdk;&drfylyefcsuf/ xdcdkufepfemae&r_ tajctaersm;udk olwdk@. tcGifhta&; tjynfht0toHk;csI wifjyEdkif&efvnf; yHhydk;aqmif&Guf ay;aeygonf?rsufESmzHk;"mwfyHk? ? a&$vD trSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;&Sd jrefrmppfwyf wyfpcef;wpfck?
2011 ckESpfrS xkwfa0onf2011 ckESpfrS xkwfa0onf
rmwdumrmwdumajryHk? ? a&$vDjrpfay:&Sd qnfrsm;ajryHk? ? a&$vDjrpfay:&Sd qnfrsm; ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 2tusOf;csKyftusOf;csKyf ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ 3ed'gef;ed'gef; .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. 5a&$vDjrpfa=umif; wav#muf&Sd vlaerlb0tajctaersm;a&$vDjrpfa=umif; wav#muf&Sd vlaerlb0tajctaersm; .............................................. .............................................. 9wtmif; jynfolrsm;wtmif; jynfolrsm; ......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... 1010
a&$vD trSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;a&$vD trSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef; ....................................................................... ....................................................................... 1111
a&$vD trSwf (2) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;a&$vD trSwf (2) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef; ....................................................................... ....................................................................... 1313 w&kwfESifh jrefrmukr`%Drsm;u a&$vD trSwf (2) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;udk qufvufwnf aqmuf&ef &Sdaejcif; ........................................................................ 14 ajryHk? ? a&GvDa&umwmtwGuf ppfom;pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh vrf;opfazmufvkyfjcif; . 15 a&$vDjrpf. a*[pHepf ysufpD;&rnfh tEœ&m,fESifh +cdrf;ajcmufcHae&jcif;? .............. 17 vufeufudkif vHk+cKHa&;rsm;t=um;Y qnfwnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef;udk pwifaejcif;? .. 18 a'ocHvlxkrsm;. toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk ysufpD;apjcif;? ................ 22 trsKd;orD;rsm;tay: xdcdkufepfemr_? ......................................................................... 24 ppfyGJrsm; pwifjzpfay:vm+yD;/ qnfwnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef;,m,D &yfqdkif;xm;jcif;? . 25
a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef; ....................................................................... ....................................................................... 2626 a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef; wnfaqmuf&ef em;vnfr_pmc|efv$m vufrSwfa&; xdk;jcif;? .............................................................. 27 ppfom;rsm; 0ifa&mufae&mcsvmjcif;? ..................................................................... 27 a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;ae&modk@ vrf;twGuf ajrrsm; odrf;ydkufjcif;? . 27 t"rRae&m ajymif;a&$@apjcif;? ................................................................................. 29 Z,m;? ? a&$vD trSwf (3) pDrHudef;a=umifh xdcdkufepfem&rnfh a&v$rf;ZHk?........ 32 ajryHk? ? a&$vD a&umwm trSwf (2) ESifh (3) pDrHudef;a=umifh cef@rSef;ajca&v$rf;rnfh a'orsm;................................................................................ 33 Z,m;? ? trSwf (3) a&umwma=umifh cef@rSef;ajc a&v$rf;Edkifrnfh ajr,mrsm; . 33 a&$vDjrpfa=umif;wav#muf opfxkwfvkyfief;rsm;? .................................................. 34 rl;,pfaq;0g; vGwfvyfpGm oHk;pGJcGifhESifh pDrHudef; ZHktwGif; a&mif;0,fae=ujcif;? ..... 36
tenf;i,fr#aom tusKd;&v'frsm;?tenf;i,fr#aom tusKd;&v'frsm;? ............................................................................... ............................................................................... 3838
ed*Hk;ed*Hk; ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 4040t}uHjyKcsufrsm;t}uHjyKcsufrsm; ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ 4040aemufqufwGJrsm;aemufqufwGJrsm;.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4242
a&$vDjrpf
{&m0wDjrpf
{&m0wDjrpf
jrefrmEdkifiH
w&kwEdkifiH
a&$vDjrpfay:wGif wnfaqmuf rnfhqnfrsm;a&$vDjrpfay:wGif wnfaqmuf rnfhqnfrsm;
ajryHk? ?a&$vDjrpfay:wGif wnfaqmuf rnfhqnfrsm; a&$vDtrSwf (1) pDrHudef;- 600 r*~g0yfa&$vDtrSwf (2) pDrHudef;- 520 r*~g0yf *a&$vDtrSwf (3) pDrHudef;- 1˜050 r*~g0yf *
*Source: htt p://www.mrtv3.net.mm/open7/210710for.html
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• r=umao;rDu {&m0wDjrpfqHkqnf wnfaqmufr_udk qdkif;iHhxm;cJhaomfvnf;/ jrefrmtpdk;&u w&kwf ESifh qGpfEdkifiHrS ukr`%Drsm;ESifhtwl {&m0wDjrpf. jrpfvufwufwpfckjzpfonfh a&$vDjrpfay:wGif {&mrqnf}uD; 2-ckudk wnfaqmuf&ef jyifqifpDpOfvsuf &Sdae onf? a&$vDjrpfonf &Srf;jynfe,ftwGuf pD;yGm;a&;t&aomfvnf;aumif;/ ,Ofaus;r_t&aomf vnf;aumif; ta&;ygonfh jrpfwpfpif;jzpf+yD;/ txl;ojzifh wtmif;(yavmif)vlrsKd;rsm; t wGuf toufaoG;a=umyif jzpfygonf?
• wnfaqmuf&ef vsmxm;onfh a&$vDjrpfay:rS qnfrsm;a=umifh cef@rSef;vlxk (15˜000) cef@ xdcdkufepfem&rnf jzpfygonf? 2013 ckESpf rwdkifrD vlaygif; (3˜000) udk ajymif;a&$@&ef trdef@ay;xm;+yD;jzpfonf? Todk@ ajymif;a&$@&r_a=umifh epfem&onfhtwGuf avsmfa=u;rsm; ay;rnf[k tmrcHr_vnf; r&Sdyg?
• qnfwnfaqmuf&m ae&mteD;wGif vrf;azmufvkyfjcif;ESifh ppfpcef;rsm; ae&mcsxm;r_a=umifh a'ocHvlxkrsm;. ajr,mrsm;ESifh &yf&Gmydkifopfawm {u700cef@udkvnf; odrf;ydkufcJh+yD; jzpfygonf? qnfteD; pcef;csxm;onfh jrefrmppfwyfrsm;u aus;&Gmvlxk rsm; ig;zrf;&SmazGpm;aomufonfh ae&mudk uef@owf e,fajrtjzpf a=unmcJh+yD;/ trsKd;orD;rsm;t ay:vnf; c&D;oGm;vmcGifhrsm; uef@owfcsKyfcs,fcJhygonf? jrefrmESifh w&kwfukr`%Drsm;. tus,ftjyef@ESifh pnf;urf;rJh opfxkwfvkyfr_a=umifh qnfteD;&Sdopfawm trsm;tjym;vnf; jyKef;wD;cJh+yD jzpfygonf?
• ucsifvGwfajrmufa&; wyfrawmf (KIA) ESifh jrefrmppfwyfrsm;t=um; wdkufyGJrsm; jzpf yGm;vmonfhtavsmuf a&$vDtrSwf(1) pDrHudef;ESifh trSwf(2) pDrHudef;t=um;&Sd aus;&GmwpfckteD;wGif 2011ckESpf/ ZGefvY wdkufyGJrsm;jzpfyGm;cJh&m w&kwfvkyfom;rsm; xGufajy;oGm;cJh=u&onf? ,ae@umvtxd wdkufyGJrsm; qufvufjzpfyGm;aeovdk/ rnfol wpfOD;r# jyefvmjcif; r&Sdao;yg? trSwf(2) qnfwnfaqmufaeonfh ae&modk@ ppfwyf. cGifhjyKcsufrygbJ vltrsm; oGm;vmcGifhudk wm;jrpfydwfyifxm;cJhygonf?
• a&$vDjrpfay:wGif yxrOD;qHk;qnfudk 2008 ckESpf/ aESmif;ydkif;wGif wnfaqmuf+yD;pD;cJhygonf? Todk@jzifh a'otwGif;ppfwyfwdk;csJh csxm;r_rsm; rsm;jym;vm+yD;/ t"rRvkyftm;cdkif;apr_rsm;/ ajr,modrf;ydkufr_rsm; jzpfay:vmcJhygonf? a&$vD trSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;rS xkwfvkyfonfh v#yfppftrsm;pkudk w&kwfEdkifiHodk@ wifydk@a&mif;csaevsuf &Sdonf? usefonfh v#yfppfrsm;udk jrefrmppfwyftwGufom t"duxm; toHk;jyKae+yD;/ w&kwfwdk@xHrS }uD;av; aomaps;E_ef;jzifh jyefvnf0,f,loHk;pGJae=u&ygonf? oHk;pGJolrsm; taejzifhvnf; v#yfppfyHkrSef &&Sdjcif; r&Sdyg?
• a&$vDjrpfay:wGif wnfaqmuf+yD;pD;cJh+yD jzpfonfh qnfESifh vsmxm;onfh qnf(2) ckwdk@a=umifh a'ocHvlxkrsm;taejzifh qdk;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm; cHpm;ae=u&+yD jzpfygonf? odk@aomfvnf; tusKd;tjrwf[lI pdk;pOf;r#aomfvnf;aumif;/ vHk;0aomfvnf;aumif; jyefvnfcHpm;=u&jcif; r&Sd=uyg? qnfrsm;ESifh ywfoufI vltrsm;od&Sdatmif vlod&Sif=um; owif;tcsuftvufrsm; xkwfjyefay;jcif; r&Sdovdk/ epfem cHpm;=u&onfh vlxkrsm;ESifhvnf; wdkifyift}uH&,lcJhjcif; r&Sdyg? epfemEdkifajc tuJjzwfppfaq;r_&v'frsm; udkvnf; xkwfjyef today;cJhjcif; r&Sdyg? odk@twGufa=umifh a&$vDjrpfay:Y rnfonfhpDrHudef;rsKd;rqdk aqmif &Gufrnfqdkv#if &yfqdkif;&ef awmif;qdk&ygvdrfhrnf?
tusOf;csKyftusOf;csKyf
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ဧရာ၀တီကဧရာ၀တီက
ငါတို႔အသက္ဓါတ္ျဖစ္တည္မႈ
ငါတို႔ရဲ႕ျမင့္ျမတ္တဲ့ သမုိင္းဂုဏ္ေရာင္
ငါတို႔အသက္ရွင္ရပ္တည္မႈရဲ႕အလင္းေရာင္
ငါတို႔ရဲ႕ယဥ္ေက်းမႈအစဥ္အလာ
ငါတို႔ရာဇ၀င္ကိုထြန္းေျပာင္ရာ
ငါတို႔မိခင္ျဖစ္တယ္ကြ႔ဲ။
ဧရာ၀တီက
ငါတို႔ရဲ႕အိမ္ယာ
ငါတို႔ရဲ႕ေတာင္ယာ
ငါတို႔ရဲ႕ေသာက္စရာေရ
ငါတို႔အတြက္၀မ္းစာ
ငါတို႔ရဲ႕ကူးသန္းသြားလာရာ
ငါတို႔ကုန္စည္ေရာင္း၀ယ္ရာ
ငါတို႔ျပည္သူေတြရဲ႕သမိုင္းအဆက္ဆက္ကို
ဆက္စပ္ေပးရာျဖစ္တယ္ ။
နီလြင္ေသြး(ဒႆနိက)နီလြင္ေသြး(ဒႆနိက)
awmifpG,fausmuf=um;rSpD;qif;vmwJhjrpf (a&$vDjrpf)(a&$vDjrpfa& (pD;qif;) 2)2a&$vDjrpfa&pD;qif;vmjyD;awmifpG,fawmifwef;awGrSmjzpfzsm;cHjyD;awmifukefawmifwef;=uD;awGay:rSmbJ&yfaewmr[kwfygbl;
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ed'gef;ed'gef;
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ConstructedPlanned
a&$vD(2) 520 MW
a&$vD(3) 1050 MW
a&$vD(1) 600 MW
a&$vDjrpf
{&m0wDjrpf
{&m0wDjrpf
oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom jynfolrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiH. toufaoG;a=umozG,f jzpfaeonfh {&m0wDjrpfudk rSDcdk&Sifoef aexdkifae=u&ygonf? {&m0wDjrpf onf t"dua&vrf;a=umif; wpfckjzpf ovdk/ EdkifiH.A[dkcsufrrS jzwfoef;pD; qif;oGm;onfh toufaoG;a=um jrpf r}uD;vnf;jzpfonf? Todk@}uD;jrwf onfh jrpfudkydwfI {&mrqnf}uD; wnf aqmuf&ef/ {&m0wDjrpf. jrpfzsm;cH&m jrpfrsm;Y qnf6-ck wnfaqmuf&ef vsmxm;onfh owif;a=umifh vltrsm; pdk;&drfylyefpdwf jzpfyGm;cJh=u&onf? cef@rSef;r&Edkifonfh a&a=umif;ajymif;vJr_rsm;/ uyfab;'kuQoifh&rnfh qnfusKd; aygufrnfh tajctae/ jrpf.tcsKyftjcm tm%m ydkifqdkifr_ ponfhta=umif;rsm;udk vltrsm;u azmfjyajymqdk aqG;aEG;cJh=u onf? {&m0wDjrpfay:&Sd qnfrsm;udk w&kwf EdkifiHrS ukr`%Drsm;u wnfaqmuf =urnf jzpf+yD;/ xGuf&Sdvmonfh v#yfppf"mwf tm;udkvnf; w&kwfEdkifiHodk@yif wifydk@ a&mif;cs=urnf jzpfonf? pdk;&drfylyefr_rsm;tay: aqG;aEG;ajymqdk uef@uGufr_rsm;a=umifh 2011 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv wGif jrefrmEdkifiH. {&m0wDjrpfay:wGif yx rOD;qHk; wnfaqmufrnfh qnfjzpfonfh “jrpfqHkqnf” pDrHudef;udk qdkif;iHhxm; vdkufa=umif; jrefrmEdkifiH/ topfa&G;cs,f wifajr‡mufcHcJh&onfh orRwopfu xkwf jyefa=unm&onftxd jzpfapcJhonf? TqnfpDrHudef;udk t+yD;tydkif &yfqdkif;vdkuf jcif;ayavm/ odk@wnf;r[kwf umvwpfpHk w&mom qdkif;iHhxm;jcif;avm qdkonfudk qufvufapmifh =unfh=u&OD;rnf jzpfonf?
{&m0wDjrpfay:ua&umwmrsm;ESifh{&m0wDjrpfay:ua&umwmrsm;ESifhol.jrpfvufwufrsm;ol.jrpfvufwufrsm;
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{&m0wDjrpf. jrpfzsm;cH&mjzpfonfh arc (N Mai) ESifh rvdc (Mali River) rsm;wGifrl qnf 6-ck wnfaqmufaeonfh pDrHudef;udk qufvufvkyfudkif aqmif&GufaeqJ jzpf onf? Todk@ qnfwnfaqmufr_ qdkif;iHhvdkufonfh xkwfjyefa=unmcsuf xGufay:rvmrDwGif jrefrmtpdk;&u {&m0wDjrpfESifh ‚. jrpfzsm;cH&m jrpfrsm;ay:Y qnfwnf aqmuf rnfh tpDtpOfudk ckcHajymqdkcJhao;onf? tpdk;&ydkif owif;pmY azmfjycJhaom “u|efawmfwdk@vnf; {&m0wDudk cspfygw,f” trnf&Sdonfh aqmif;yg;wGif qnfrsm;a=umifh qdk;usKd;oufa&mufEdkifzG,f r&Sda=umif; azmfjya&;om;xm;cJhonf? arc ESifh rvdcjrpfrsm;omru {&m0 wDjrpfudk aygif;0ifonfhjrpfrsm; trsm; tjym; &SdaeonfhtwGufa=umifh/ pdk; &drfylyefzG,f r&Sd[k qdkcJhonf? odk@aomfvnf; Todk@aygif;0ifonfh jrpf a=umif;rsm;onf qnfydwfcH&jcif;/ odk@r[kwf qnfrsm;wnfaqmuf&ef tpDtpOfcsxm;+yD; jzpfaeonf? odk@twGuf a=umifh {&m0wDjrpf. obm0a&pD;qif;r_udk xdcdkufrnfrSm vHk;0O\Hkyif jzpfonf? Todk@pD;0ifaeonfh jrpfwpfpif;rSm ,ckazmf jyrnfh a&$vDjrpfyif jzpfonf?
a&$vDjrpfonf {&m0wDjrpfodk@ pD;0if onfh jrpfvufwufwpfck jzpfonf? ‚jrpf zsm; cH&mae&monf w&kwfEdkifiH/ ,leef jynfe,f&Sd yifv,fa&rsufESmjyiftxuf 11˜000ay ae&mwGif wnf&Sdonf? ‚a&$vD jrpfonf jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd rlq,f/ erfhcrf;+rdK@rsm;udk jzwfoef;pD;qif;+yD;/
rœav;+rdK@. ajrmufzufwGif {&m0wD jrpfxJodk@ pD;0ifonf? ‚jrpfudk yavmif(wtmif;) bmompum;jzifh “atJrf;wrm0f;” [kvnf; ac:qdk=uonf? a&$vDjrpfonf wtmif;vlrsKd;wdk@. yx0D0if 0daoovuQ%mwpfck jzpfovdk/ o bm0&wem wpfyg;vnf; jzpfonf? wtmif;vlrsKd;rsm; touf&Sifaexdkif &eftwGuf tm;xm;rSDcdkae=u&onfh jrpf wpfpif;vnf; jzpfonf?
a&$vDjrpfay:wGif qnfwpfckudk wnfaqmuf +yD;jzpfovdk/ jrefrmppftpdk;&u w&kwf ESifh qGpfEdkifiHrsm;rS ukr`%Drsm;udk ‚uJhodk@ ta&;ygonfhjrpfay:wGif aemufxyf{&mrqnf}uD; 2-ckudk wnf aqmuf&ef cGifhjyKxm;+yD; jzpfonf? ,ae@wdkifatmif a'ocHjynfolrsm;ESifh ‚qnfrsm;udP wdkifyift}uH^m%f & ,lcJhjcif; r&Sdovdk/ xdcdkufepfemEdkifajc avhvmr_ tuJjzwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; vlod&Sif=um; xkwfjyeftoday;jcif; r&Sdao;acs? a&$vDjrpfay:wGif wnf aqmufrnfhqnfrsm;ESifh ywfoufI o wif;tcsuftvuf tenf;i,fr#om od&Sd Edkif=uao;onf?
a&$vDjrpf
{&m0wDjrpf
8
owif;tcsuftvuf r&&Sdjcif;/ aqG;aEG;wdkifyif t}uH&,lr_ r&Sdjcif;/ xdcdkufepfem=u&rnfh jynfolrsm;taejzifh qnfrsm;udpP qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mwGif yl;aygif;yg0if aqmif&GufEdkifcGifh r&Sdjcif;/ ponfhtajctaersm;tjyif qnfrsm;udk vHk+cKHa&;twGuf ppfwyfrsm;wdk;csJ@csxm;vmonfh 'kuQrsm;udkyg wdk;I}uKHawG@ae=u&onf? odk@twGufa=umifh a'ocH vlxkrsm;wGif rauseyfr_rsm; }uD;xGm;vmae+yD;/ vlrsKd;a&;wif;rmr_rsm;ESifh ppfyGJvuf eufudkifyÉdyuQrsm; txdyg wdk;Ijzpfay:vmaeonf? 2011 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (KIO) ESifh jrefrmppfwyft=um; wmydefjrpfay:wGif wnfaqmuf xm;onfh a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;udk ta=umif;jyKI wdkufyGJrsm; jyefvnfjzpf ay:vm&onf? ‚pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;odk@ jrefrmppfwyfu vHk+cKHa&;wyfrsm; ydk@vGwfr_udk ta=umif;jyKI wdkufyGJrsm; jyefvnf pwifjzpfay:vmjcif; jzpfonf? ‚vufeufudkif yÉdyuQrsm;onf &kwfcsnf;qdkovdk &ufydkif;twGif; a&$vDtrSwf (1) ESifh (2) pDrHudef;rsm;&Sd&m a'oodk@ ysH@ESH@ a&muf&SdvmcJhonf? ,ckwdkif Ta'orsm;rSm rwnf+idrf rvHk+cKHao;bJ &Sdae=uonf?
,cktpD&ifcHpmtm;jzifh a&$vDjrpfwGif rnfodk@rnfyHk jzpfysufaeonfudk vltrsm;od&Sd atmif yxrtqifhtaeESifh wifjyEdkifvdrfhrnf[k rdrdwdk@ar#mfvifhygonf? a&$vDjrpfay:wGif wnfaqmufaeonfh qnfrsm;a=umifh jrpfwav#muf&Sd xdcdkufepfem&rnfh jynfolvlxkrsm; omru/ a&$vDjrpfta=umESifh {&m0wDjrpfa=umif;wav#muf&Sd xdcdkufepfem&rnfh jynfolvl xkrsm;xHodk@yg today;vdk&if; jzpfygonf? ‚qnfrsm; wnfaqmufaer_udk &yfwef@&ef awmif;qdkygonf?
9
a&$vDjrpfa=umif; wav#muf&Sd vlaerlb0tajctaersm; a&$vDjrpfa=umif; wav#muf&Sd vlaerlb0tajctaersm;
a&$vDjrpfa=umif; wav#mufwGif wtmif;(yavmif) vlrsKd;rsm;onf usefwdkif;&if;om;rsm; jzpfonfh ucsif/ &Srf;/ Armjynfolrsm;ESifhtwl rSDcdkaexdkifvsuf &Sdygonf? {&m0wDjrpfatmuf ydkif;wav#mufwGif aexdkif=uonfh oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom jynfolrsm;uJhodk@yif/ a'ocHjynfol rsm;onfvnf; a&$vDjrpfay:wGif olwdk@.&Sifoef&yfwnfr_ ESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif; vkyf ief;rsm;twGuf ig;zrf;jcif;/ jrpfurf;yg;ESifh eD;pyf&m vGifjyifrsm;wGif oD;ESHrsKd;pHkpdkufysKd;jcif; pojzifh rSDcdktm;xm;ae=u&ygonf? xdk@tjyif aomufoHk;a&twGufvnf; Tjrpfudkyif rSDcdkae=u&ygonf?
jrpfta=umydkif;a'orsm;wGif a'ocHvlxkrsm;u &moDtvdkuf a&oGif;pyg;ESifh yJrsKd;pHk pdkufysKd;=uonf? jrpftxufydkif; a'owGifrl aus;&Gmvlxkrsm;u a&$@ajymif;awmif,m/ vufzufpdkufcif;rsm;ESihf wHigvkyfief;/ trJvdkufjcif;/ &moDtvdkuf rd_ESifh awmopfoD;opfOrsm;/ r#pfrsm; &SmazGpm;aomufjcif;jzifh &Sifoef&yfwnfae=uygonf?
a&GvDjrpfab;em;rSm&SdwJh pdrf;vef;pdkajyaom awmif,mpdkufcif;ESifh opfawmrsm;
1010
wtmif; jynfolrsm;. aemufcHordkif; wtmif; jynfolrsm;. aemufcHordkif;
wtmif;(yavmif) jynfolrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif aexdkifonfh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkEG,frsm; xJrS wpfckjzpfygonf? olwdk@wGif&Snfvsm;onfh ordkif;aemufcH&Sd+yD;/ xl;jcm;onfh 0daoovQ%m/ udk,fydkifbmompum;/ pmay/ rwluGJjym;onfh wdkif;&if;om; ,Ofaus;r_rsm;/ udk,fydkife,fajrESifh rdrdbmom&Sifoef&yfwnfEdkifonfh pD;yGm; pepfjzifh ydkifqdkif&yfwnfae=uygonf? wtmif;vlrsKd;trsm;pkrSm Ak<bmomudk udk;uG,f=u+yD;/ 10μatmuf vlenf;pkrSm ewfudk;uG,fr_udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ c&pf,mefbmomudkaomfvnf;aumif; udk;uG,f,Hk=unf=u onf?
wtmif;vlOD;a&rSm cef@rSef;1-oef;cef@ &Sdygrnf? trsm;pkrSm &Srf;jynfe,f taemufajrmufydkif; &Sdawmifwef;rsm;ay: wGifaexdkif=u+yD;/ olwdk@bdk;bGm;ydkifajrrsm;wGif o,HZmw ausmufrsuf wGif;xGufowœKrsm; ayg=uG,f0vSygonf? wtmif;vlrsKd;rsm;rSm jrefrmEdkifiHwGif olwdk@a'o awmifwef;rsm;rS xGuf&Sdonfh t&nftaoG;aumif;rGefvSaom vufzufa=umifh emrnf ausmf=um; vlodrsm;ygonf? xdk@tjyif orr#w0ef;usif &moDOwk&Sd O,smOf+cHxGuf opfoD;rsm; jzpfonfh yef;oD;/ qD;awmfoD;/ opfawmfoD; ponfh +cHxGufoD;ESHrsm;vnf; pdkufysKd; =uonf? TxGufukefrsm;rSm atmufjrefrmEdkifiHwGif aps;aumif;&+yD; Todk@jzifh olwdk@. touf&Sifaexdkifr_twGuf toufarG;ae=u& onf? odk@aomfvnf; wtmif;jynfolrsm;rSm tqufqufaom jrefrmppftpdk;&wdk@. xdef;csKyfzdESdyfaer_rsm;a=umifh [email protected]:wGif +idrf;csrf;pGm aexdkifpdkufysKd; pm;aomufEdkifjcif; r&Sd=uyg?
a&GvDjrpfab; wpfavsmufwGifaexdkifaom wtmif;vlrsdK;[email protected]?jrefrmbmomjzifh yavmif[kvlodrsm;jyD; wtmif;vlrsdK;wdk@onf rdrfdwdk@.
bmompum;jzifh wtmif;[kac:,l orkwf=uonf?
1111
a&$vD trSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;a&$vD trSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;
a&$vDtrSwf(1)a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;onf &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;/ erfhcrf;+rdK@e,f refwyfaus;&Gm teD;wGifwnf&Sdonf? 2008ckESpf aESmif;ydkif;rSpI v#yfppf"mwftm; xkwf,lEdkif+yD; jzpfonf? qnfwnfaqmufpOfumvwGif tiftm; (300)&Sd jrefrmppfwyf wyf&if;wpf&if; refwyfaus;&GmwGif;odk@ pcef;vma&mufcsxm;cJh&m/ a'ocHjynfolwdk@. pdkufysKd;ajrrsm;udk odrf;,ljcif;/ ppfwyfppfaq;a&;*dwfrsm;u oGm;vmr_rsm; wif;usyfuef@owfjcif;/ a'ocHtrsKd;orD;rsm;udk ppfom;rsm;ESifh twif;tusyf tdrfaxmifcsxm;jcif; ponfh 'kuQrsm;}uHKawG@cJh=u&onf? qnfwnfaqmufr_a=umifh a'ocHv,f,majr tcsKd@ ysufpD;qHk;&um/ a'ow0dkufrS om;&dkif;awmwd&p>mefrsm;vnf; &Sm;yg;oGm;cJh&onf? puf,œ,m;rsm; o,faqmifvm&ef vrf;rsm;azmufvkyfjcif;/ aumif;uif}udK;wef;rsm;twGuf vrf;&Sif;jcif; vkyfief;rsm;wGif a'ocHjynfolrsm;tay: t"rRvkyftm;cdkif;apr_rsm;vnf; &SdcJhonf? qnfwnfaqmuf+yD;pD;csdefrSpI jrpfa=umif; wav#muf jrpfurf;yg;rsm;wGif jrpfESifh a0;a0;ae&ef jynfolrsm;udk owday;qdkif;bkwfrsm; xlaxmifxm;cJhonf? ta=umif;rSm &kwfw&uf a&jrifhwufvmEdkifjcif;a=umifh owday;xm; onf[k qdkonf?
a&$vDtrSwf(1) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;rS tawG@t}uHKrsm;a=umifh vsmxm;onfh trSwf(2) ESifh (3) a&$vD a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;rsm;rSvnf;/ aumif;usKd;tenf;i,fr#om cHpm;&+yD;/ qdk;usKd;rsm;om awG@}uHKcHpm;=u&rnf[k a'ocHjynfolrsm;u ar#mfvifhpdwfysufae=uonf?
1212
owd tœ&m,f&Sdonf? jrpfa&twuftus tcsdefwdkif;wGif ajymif;vJedkifonf[k a&om;xm;aom qdkifbkwfrSm a'ocHrsm;udk jrpfESifha0;&modk@ aeap&ef/ a&om;xm;aom
qdkifbkwfrSm a'ocHbmomjzifhr[kwf
a&$vDa&umwm trSwf(1) vHkjcHKa&;twGuf ppftpdk;&rS ppfwyfrsm;ykd@aqmifcJh
1313
a&$vD trSwf (2) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;a&$vD trSwf (2) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;
a&$vDtrSwf(2) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;onf trSwf(1) qnfrS rdkif 30 tuGmta0; wGif wnf&Sdonf? Tae&mwGif refwkefESifh erfhcrf;+rdK@t=um;Y jrpfonf t*Fvdyf tuQ&m tufpf (S) yHko¾mef taemufawmifzufodk@ pD;qif;oGm;&m jrpfurf; ab;wGif wnf&Sdonf? jrpfurf;wav#mufwGif oGefykwf/ yifvHk/ apmvSH/ atmufum;/ aumif;qHkaus;&Gmrsm; wnf&Sdae=uonf? ‚(S) tuQ&m tv,fae&mcef@wGif v#yfppf 520 r*~g0yfudk xkwfvkyfay;Edkifrnfh qnfudk wnfaqmufrnfjzpf+yD;/ a&v$JOrifudk jrpf.ajrmufzuf awmifukef;udkazmufI wnfaqmufrnf jzpfonf? qnfae&mwGif vkyfudkifaeonfh vkyfom;rsm;. tqdkt& trSwf (2) puf&kHrS yifrv#yfppf"mwftm;vdkif;onf w&kwfEdkifiHodk@ OD;wnfoGm;rnf jzpf+yD;/ usef"mwftm;tcsKd@udk ppftpdk;&ydkif odk@r[kwf ppftpdk;&ESifh eD;pyfol yk~vdu vkyfief;&Sifrsm;ydkif puf&Hkrsm;odk@ ay;&ef &nf&G,fxm;onf[k od&onf?
w&kwfEdkifiHwGif t&nftaoG; nHhzsif;r_w&kwfEdkifiHwGif t&nftaoG; nHhzsif;r_a=umifh [Gmeif;pDrHcsufudk &yfqdkif;cJhjcif;a=umifh [Gmeif;pDrHcsufudk &yfqdkif;cJhjcif;
[Gmeif;vef;uef; (Huaneng Lancang) onf [Gmeif;tkyfpk (Huaneng Group) tzGJ@0ifukr`%Dwpfck jzpfonf? ‚onf t"duusonfh w&kwfEd ki fi Hawmfyd ki f ukþ%Dvnf;jzpfonf? ‚ukþ%Du taumif;qHk;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; usifhxHk; rsm;twdkif; vdkufemusifhoHk;aeonf[k qdkaomfvnf;/ w&kwfEdkifiHwGif ‚aqmif &Gufaeonf h vky fief;rsm;Y obm0 ywf0ef;usif xdcdkufr_qdkif&m tuJjzwfr_rsm;ESif h jyefvnfoHk;oyfppfaq;r_rsm; jyK&ef ysufuGufcJhonf? 2009 ckESpfwGif/ w&kwfEdkifiH obm0ywf0ef;usifa&;&m 0ef}uD;Xmeu ‚ukþ%DrS qnfwnf aqmufa&; pDrHudef;(2) ckudk qdkif;iHhxm;cJh onf? ta=umif;rSm obm0ywf0ef;usif tuJjzwfppfaq;r_rsm; vHkavmufpGm aqmif& Guf jci f ;r& S db J ‚ukþ%Du pDrHudef;rsm; pwifaqmif&GufcJ haom a=umifhjzpfonf?
at;&Sm;a0gvf/ rl;,pfaq;a&mif;csr_rS at;&Sm;a0gvf/ rl;,pfaq;a&mif;csr_rS 0ifaiGrsm;ESifh ppfwyfqufpyfaer_rsm;0ifaiGrsm;ESifh ppfwyfqufpyfaer_rsm;
at;&Sm;a0gvfukþ%Donf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif t}uD;rm;qHk;aom uGef*&dkrm&dwf ukþ%D }uD;wpfck jzpf+yD;/ ppfwyfESifh eD;pyfonfh ukþ%Dvnf; jzpfonf? ‚udkrl;,pfaq; ukefoG,fr_jzifh em rnfausmfaZmonfh bdef;&mZm avmfppf[efu wnfaxmif cJh+yD;/ ol. om;pwDAifavm pDrHcef@cGJae onf? olonfvnf; rl;,pfaq;ukefoG,fr_jzifh ouFmruif; jzpfcHae&ol jzpfonf? ‚ukþ%Dudk tar&duefjynfaxmifpk b¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xmeu 2008 ckESpfwGif trnfysufpm&if; emrnfoGif;cJ honf? ‚ukþ%Donf aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief; rsm;/ ypPnf;ESifh pufud&d,mrsm; axmuf yH ha&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif t"dutm;jzif h vkyfaqmifaeonf?
1414
w&kwfESifh jrefrmukr`%Drsm;u a&$vDtrSwf(2) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;udk w&kwfESifh jrefrmukr`%Drsm;u a&$vDtrSwf(2) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;udk qufvuf wnfaqmuf&ef &Sdaejcif;qufvuf wnfaqmuf&ef &Sdaejcif;
2009 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvwGif jrefrmEdkifiH/ trSwf (1) v#yfppfpGrf;tif 0ef}uD;Xmeu w&kwfEdkifiHrS [Gmeif;vefuef; jrpf a&tm;v#yfppfukr`%D vDrdwuf (Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Co² Ltd²) ESifh a&$vD trSwf (2) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;wnfaqmufa&;twGuf em;vnfr_pmc|efv$mwpf&yf vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhygonf? ‚pDrHudef;udk wnfaqmufvnfywfv$Jajymif; (BOT system) pepfjzifh cGifhjyKxm;jcif; jzpfonf? ydkItqifhjrifhaom oabmwlnDr_ pmc|efv$mudk 2010 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvwGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhygonf?
1515
pOfpOf aus;&Gmtrnfaus;&Gmtrnf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd; tdrfaxmifpktdrfaxmifpk vlOD;a&vlOD;a&
1 oGefykwf wtmif;/ ucsif 60 540
2 yifvHk wtmif; 180 1620
3 apmvHS wtmif;/ &Srf; 48 432
4 atmufum; wtmif; 64 576
5 aumif;qHk wtmif; 40 360
pkpkaygif; 320 3528
a&GvDa&umwmtwGuf ppfom;pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh vrf;opfazmufvkyfjcif;a&GvDa&umwmtwGuf ppfom;pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh vrf;opfazmufvkyfjcif;
trSwf (2) a&GvDa&umwmteD;wpf0dkuf a&GvDjrpfab;trSwf (2) a&GvDa&umwmteD;wpf0dkuf a&GvDjrpfab;wpfavsmufwGifaexdkifaom vlOD;a&rsm;wpfavsmufwGifaexdkifaom vlOD;a&rsm;
1616
trSwfpOf (2) a&$vDa&umwm&Sd *k%fusufoa&&Sdaom a&$vDjrpf
a&umwmrsm;rS ig;trsdK;tpm;wdk;yGm;ESKef;udk avsmhenf;apedkif
1717
a&$vDjrpf. a*[pHepf ysufpD;&rnfh a&$vDjrpf. a*[pHepf ysufpD;&rnfh tœ&m,fESifh +cdrf;ajcmufcHae&jcif;tœ&m,fESifh +cdrf;ajcmufcHae&jcif; trSwf(1) qnfwnfae&m ywf0ef;usif&Sd ajrrsuf ESmoGifjyif taetxm;onf tHhrcef; vSyonfh obm0tvS wpfyg;yifjzpfonf? t+rJpdrf;opfawm rsm;ESifh obm0a&wHcGefrsm; pD;usae&m &ifoyf&_armjzpf&onf? jrpftwGif; om;ig;aygrsm; =uG,f0 +yD;/ teD;w0dkuf&Sd opfawmrsm;twGif;wGifvnf; awm&dkif; wd&d>mefrsm; ayg=uG,f0onf? a&$vD trSwf(2) ESifh (3) qnfw0dkufteD;&Sd opfawmrsm; wGif obm0y&aq;jrpf/ opfOopfzkrsm;vnf; aygufa&muf=u&m a'ocHrsm;u &SmazGa&mif;cs avh&Sdonf? qif rsm;/ orifrsm;/ awm0ufrsm;/ a'gif;rsm;ESifh tjcm;awm &kdif;wd&p>mefrsm;u TawmwGif rSDcdk&Sifoef vSnhfvnfaexdkifae=u onf? odk@aomfvnf; vrf;rsm;azmufvkyfcsdef/ a'ocHrsm;. ajr,mrsm;udk pwifodrf;ydkufcsdef/ opfxkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm; pwifcs de frSpI awm&dkif; wd&p>mefrsm;vnf; a0;&modk@ xGufajy; =u&onf? trSwf(2) qnfwnfaqmufygu opfawmjyKef;wD;r_rsm; xyfrHjzpfay:vmOD;rnf jzpfI &Sm;yg;awm&dkif;wd&>mefrsm;rSDcdkaexdkif&m pm;usufrsm;vnf; ysufpD;=uawmhrnf jzpfonf? vltrsm;/ txl;ojzifh trsKd;orD;rsm;onf tydk0if aiGtwGuf/ aq;0g;ESifh pm;eyf&dQmtwGuf opf awmxGufyPnf;rsm;udk &SmazGa&mif;csI rSDcdk&Sifoef aexdkif =u&&m opfawm&if;jrpfrsm; jyKef;wD;vmr_a=umif h epfem'kQa&muf=u&rnfjzpfonf? ppfom;rsm;u a'ocHrsm; ig;&SmazGpm;aomufonfh ae&mrsm;wGif 'dkif;erdkufrsm;oHk;I rdkif;cGJig;&Sm=u onfh twGufa=umifh ig;taumifa&udkusqif; vmaponf? xdk@tjyif qnfwnfaqmuf +yD;pD; onfhtcg ig;rsm;aygufzGm; &SifoefyH kpHepfud k xdcdkufajymif;vJapOD;rnf jzpfonf?
1818
vufeufudkif vHk+cHKa&;trsm;=um;Y qnfwnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef;udk pwifaejcif;vufeufudkif vHk+cHKa&;trsm;=um;Y qnfwnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef;udk pwifaejcif;
2009 ckESpfwGif/ jrefrmppfwyf ajcjrefwyf&if; (cr&)- trSwf 144 rS ppfom; 25 OD;udk trSwf (1) qnf ae&mrS trSwf (2) qnfwnfaqmufae&mwGif vHk+cHKa&;,l&ef apv$wfcJhonf? ppfom;rsm;u jrpfurf;yg;teD;wGif wyf pcef;wnf=uonf? pcef;xJwGif ppfom; 7-OD;u t+rJwap pcef;csaexdkif+yD;/ usefppfom;rsm;u teD;tyg;ae&m rsm;wGif uif;vSnfh=uonf? a'ocH &Jrsm;uvnf; xdka'owGif uif;vSnfh=uonf? qnfwnfaqmuf&ma'o teD;odk@a&mufvmonfh vlpdrf;rSefor#udk ‚wdk@u ppfaq;=uonf? ppfom;rsm; a&muf&SdvmonfhtcsdefrSpI qnfwnfaqmuf&m a'oteD;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;wGif vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;udk ydkI awG@}uKHcHpm;=u&awmh onf? ta=umif;rSm ppfom;rsm;u ajrrsm;/ tpm;taomufrsm;/ tdrfarG;wd&dp>mefrsm;/ tjcm; ydkifqdkifr_ypPnf;rsm; udk ydkif&SifcGifhjyKcsuf rawmif;cHbJ odrf;,l=uaoma=umifh jzpfonf?
1919
2020
qnf trSwf (2) wnfaqmuf&mae&modk@ 2010 ckESpf/ tapmydkif;wGif w&kwfvlrsKd; vkyfom; 18 OD; a&muf&Sdvm =u+yD;/ ppfpcef;teD;wGif olwdk@pcef;udk wnf=uonf? ,cktcsdeftxd trSefwu,f qnfwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief; rsm; rpwif&ao;bJ/ vkyfom;rsm;u jrpfa=umif;wav#muf ae&mrsm;pGmwGif prf;oyfppfaq;r_rsm; jyKvkyfae=u onf? "mwfyHkwGif jrifawG@&onfhtwdkif; t"duusonfh ajrom;erlemrsm;udk w&kwfEdkifiHodk@ jyefIo,faqmifae =uonf?
2121
w&kwf tvkyform;rsm; okawoejyKvkyfaepOfwGif w&kwf tvkyform;rsm; okawoejyKvkyfaepOfwGif ppfom;rsm;rSvrf;jyvdkufydk@aeykHppfom;rsm;rSvrf;jyvdkufydk@aeykH
2010 ZGefvwGifawG@&aom a&umwmtrSwf (2)rS w&kwfokawoDrsm;
2222
a'ocHvlxkrsm;. toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk ysufpD;apjcif;a'ocHvlxkrsm;. toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk ysufpD;apjcif;
qnfwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf at;&Sm;a0gvfukr`%Du qnftrSwf (1) ae&mrS trSwf (2) ae&modk@ yifrtlvrf;a=umif;udk wm0ef,l azmufvkyfcJhonf? Todk@vrf;azmufvkyfpOfwGif vrf;a=umif;us&m a'ocHajrrsm;ESifh tdrf rsm;udk odrf;,lcJh&m/ a'ocHv,form;rsm;twGuf txl;xdcdkufepfemcJh=u&onf? ajrqHk;&kH;&r_twGuf avsmfa=u; jyefvnf&&SdcJh=uolrsm;rSmvnf; odrf;,lonfhajr (4)ay ywfvnftwGuf usyf (1˜ 000) ¡tar&duefa':vm 1 a':vmatmufom¢ avsmfa=u;&kH &&Sd=uonf?
“pyg;cif;/ awmif,m/ vufzufcif;/ &yf&Gmydkifopfawm pojzifh usaemfwdk@ajrawGudk vrf;azmufvkyfa&;twGuf odrf;,l=uw,f? tJ'DtwGufvnf; trsm;}uD; tcuftcJ jzpf&w,f? 'gayr,fh olwdk@jyefay;wJh avsmfa=u;u tJ'DajruGufawG/ xGufukefawG wu,fhaygufaps;eJ@ bmrS roufqdkifbl;? tJ'gtjyif rdk;&moDrSm vrf;awGu AGuf xukefw,f? av#mufoGm;&wmyg 'kuQa&muf=u&jyefw,f?” (yifvHkaus;&Gmom;wpfOD;)
ppfom;rsm;u jrpfab;&Sd ,majruGufrsm;ESifh ig;zrf;ae&mrsm;udk odrf;ydkuf=ujcif; ppfom;rsm;u jrpfab;&Sd ,majruGufrsm;ESifh ig;zrf;ae&mrsm;udk odrf;ydkuf=ujcif; vrf;ab;wav#muf&Sd v,fajruGufrsm;omru/ jrpfem;wav#muf&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;wGif ajruGufrsm;vnf; odrf;qnf;cH=u&jyefonf? qufItoufqufEdkif&eftwGuf aus;&Gm vlxkrsm;onf awmifay:wufI awmif,mckwf pyg;pdkufysKd;=u&onf? odk@aomfvnf; awmif,mrsm;onf jrpfurf;vGifjyif&Sd pyg;uGif;rsm;avmuf txGufaumif;vSonf r[kwf ay?
tcsKd@ajrqHk;&_H;=u&olrsm;u wHigvkyfief;jzifh toufquf&ef }udK;yrf;=ujyefonf?
“ppfom;awGu usaemfhtdrfudka&mufvm+yD;/ ajymw,f? ‘tcktcsdefup+yD; jrpfurf;em;u usaemfhv,frSm pdkufcGifh rjyKawmhbl;’vdk@ ajymvmw,f? usaemfu jyefar;w,f? ‘bmjzpfvdk@vJ’? olwdk@u tJ'Dae&mrSm qnfaqmufr,f ajymw,f? olwdk@u usaemfhajrudk odrf;vdkufw,f ajymw,f? tJ'Dajru pkpkaygif; 18-{u &Sdw,f” (a'ocH v,form;wpfOD;)
“usrpdkufxm;wJhajru jrpfteD;em;rSm {u 20-ausmf &Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh odrf;cHvdkuf&w,f? usruawmckwf+yD; xyfpdkuf&awmhr,f? tJ'Dae&mu usrwdk@ &GmeJ@a0;+yD;/ awmif,mtopf jyefpdkuf&r,f? tckESpf pyg;b,favmuf xGufr,fqdkwm rcef@rSef;Edkifbl;? twdtus rajymwwfawmhbl;? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh ae&mopfu oJajr/ ausmufwHk;awGeJ@/ ajru pdkufysKd;zdk@ odyfaumif;vSwJhajrawmh r[kwfbl;” (a'ocH wtmif;trsKd;orD; v,folr wpfOD;)
vrf;rsm;azmufvkyfr_a=umifh a'ocHjynfolrsm; pdkufysKd;ajrr&SdawmhbJ jzpfapjcif;vrf;rsm;azmufvkyfr_a=umifh a'ocHjynfolrsm; pdkufysKd;ajrr&SdawmhbJ jzpfapjcif;
2323
odk@aomfvnf; ppfom;rsm;u olwdk@. ig;zrf;ydkufrsm;udk odrf;ydkufI jrpftwGif; ig;zrf;cGifhudkvnf; ydwfyif=ujyefonf? ‚ae&monfvnf; “[email protected]&m” [k qdk=ujyefonf? ig;zrf;olwHigrsm;rSm rdom;pk toufqufvuf&Sifoef &yfwnfEkdif&ef tjyif; txef &kef;uef}udK;yrf;=u&onf? ta=umif;rSm olwdk@tzdk@ ig;zrf;jcif;rSvGJI tjcm;vkyfudkifoufarG;p&m rod=u aoma=umifh jzpfonf? olwdk@u tjcm;olrsm;xHrS ajracs;iSm;I [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm; pdkufysKd;I aps;wGif a&mif;cs+yD; 0ifaiG&Smae=u&onf?
qnfwnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef; vHk+cHKa&;twGuf[kqdkum ppfom;rsm; vma&mufcsxm; csdefrSpI a'ocHrsm;udk ig;zrf;cGifh ydwfyifcJh=uonf? odk@aomfvnf; olwdk@u a&$vDjrpfxJwGif 'dkif;erdkufrsm;jzifh cGJum ig;zrf;qD;=uaoma}umifh aus;&Gmvlxkrsm;rSm vGefpGma'go jzpf=u& onf? &dk;&mpOfvmudk zDqefI ig;zrf;qD;ae=ujcif;vnf; jzpfonf?
“usaemfu wHigvkyfvmwm 10-ESpf&Sd+yD? rdom;pk0ifaiGtwGuf ig;zrf;+yD; &SmazGau|;arG;&w,f? +yD;cJhwJhESpf ppfwyf uvmawmh b,folrS jrpfxJrSm ig;rzrf;&awmhbl;qdk+yD; trdef@xkwfvmw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfwwfwm/ odwm u ig;zrf;wmyJ? wjcm;tvkyf bmvkyfpm;&rSef;vnf; odwmr[kwfbl;? wae@awmh usaemfig;oGm;zrf;awmh ppfom; 2-a,muf a&mufvm+yD;/ usaemfh ig;zrf;ydkufudk odrf;vdkufw,f” (a'ocH wHigwpfOD;)
okawoe tokH;taqmifjyPnf;rsm; odk avSmif&efae&m tjzpf jrpfab;&Sd todrf;qnf;cH v,f,mpdkufcif;
2424
vHk;0 qHk;&_H;&jcif; vHk;0 qHk;&_H;&jcif; jrpfurf;wav#mufwGif ajredrfhydkif; jzpfaoma=umifh a'ocHrsm;u cef@rSef;=uonfrSm &yf&GmydkifopfawmESifh qnf txufydkif;&Sd ,mpdkufcif;rsm; {u 2000 cef@ a&jrKyfqHk;¶_H;=urnf[k wGufq=uygonf? (pmrsufESm XX &Sd ajryHk udk=unfhyg?)
trsKd;orD;rsm;tay: xdcdkufepfemr_trsKd;orD;rsm;tay: xdcdkufepfemr_trSwf(2) qnfwnfaqmufr_ vHk+cHKa&;twGuf ppfom;rsm;ydk@v$wfonfhtcg/ a'ocHtrsKd; orD;rsm;. ae@pOfaexdkifr_b0tay: xdcdkufoufa&mufr_rsm; jzpfvm&ygonf? ,cktcg ppfom;rsm; jrpfurf;teD;wGif pcef;cs&Sdae=uaoma=umifh trsKd;orD;rsm;wpfOD;wnf; tjyifxGuf&ef rvHk+cHKjzpfvm&ygonf? ,cifu trsKd;orD;rsm;onf vGwfvyfpGm olwdk@pdwf}udKuf vnfywfoGm;vmEdkif=u+yD;/ ,cktcg tdrfwGif;ykef;aexdkif=u&onfh b0 jzpf vmonf? tjyifxGufvdkyguvnf; tazmfwpfOD;OD;udk apmifhqdkif;&ef vdktyfvmonf? a'ocHtrsKd;orD;rsm;udk ppfom;rsm;ESifh t"rRtdrfaxmifcsay;rnfudkvnf; rdom;pkrsm;u pdk;&drfae=uonf? ta=umif;rSm trSwf(1) qnfwnfaqmuf pOfumvu ‚uJhodk@ aqmif&Gufr_rsm; &Sdxm;aoma=umifh jzpfonf?
“t&ifu ppfom;awGra&mufvmcifu usrwpfa,mufwnf; udk,fh+cHxJ oGm;wmyJ? tckawmh v,fxJ+cHxJ/ aps;xJ wpfa,mufwnf; roGm;&Jawmhbl;? rdwfaqGawGqDvnf; oGm;rvnf&Jawmhbl;? wpfcgwav ppfom;awGu rawmfwavsmf vkyfEdkifw,f? trsKd;orD; awGudk vdift&apmfum;armfum; vkyfEdkifw,fav? (a'ocH wtmif;trsKd;orD; wpfOD;)
vufzufjcHwpfckwGif vufzufcl;aeaom trsdK;orD;wpfOD;/ ,cktcsdefwGif trsdK;orD;rsm;u
vufzufjcHrsm;udk oGm;zdk@&ef a=umuf&GH@ae=uonf?
2525
ppfyGJrsm;pwifjzpfay:vm+yD;/ qnfwnfaqmufa&;pDrHudef; ,m,D&yfqdkif; ppfyGJrsm;pwifjzpfay:vm+yD;/ qnfwnfaqmufa&;pDrHudef; ,m,D&yfqdkif; xm;jcif;?xm;jcif;?
2011 ckESpf/ ZGefv tapmydkif;wGif ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (KIA) ESifh jrefrmtpdk;& ppfwyft=um; ucsifjynfe,fwGif;&Sd a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef; wpfcktay: ta=umif;jyKI vufeufudkifwdkufyGJrsm; jyefvnfjzpfyGm;cJhygonf? ‚wdkufyGJrsm;onf rsm;r=umrDyif &Srf;jynf e,ftwGif; ul;pufysH@yGm;vmcJh+yD;/ a&$vDqnf trSwf(1) ESifh (2) teD;wGif tpdk;&ppfwyfu ausmaxmufaemufcHjyKxm;onfh jynfol@ppfvufeufudkifrsm;ESifh KIA wyfzGJ@rsm; ZGefv 15 &ufae@u wdkufyGJrsm; jzpfyGm;vmcJhonf? w&kwftif*sifeD,mrsm;ESihf vkyfom;rsm;rSmvnf; wdkufyGJrsm;a=umifh w&kwfEdkifiHodk@ jyefoGm;cJh&+yD;/ qnfwnfaqmufr_rsm;vnf; &yfqdkif;aecJhonf? w&kwfvkyfom;rsm;u jyefvnf xGufcGmoGm;onfhtcsdefwGif a'ocHjynfolrsm;udk ajymjy&mY olwdk@taejzifh rdk;&moDtukef (Edk0ifbmvcef@ ) wGif jyefvmrnf[k ajymqdkcJh=uonf?
odk@aomfvnf; ,ae@wdkif w&kwfvkyfom;rsm; jyefvmEdkifjcif; r&Sdao;bJ/ a'ocH jynfolrsm;rSmvnf; aemufxyfwdkufyGJrsm; jzpfay:vmrnfudk pdk;&GH@ae=u&ygonf? ,cktcg a'otwGif; r+idrf;csrf; Edkifao;bJ &Sdae+yD;/ trSwf (2) qnfwnfaqmufrnfhae&modk@ ppfwyf. cGifhjyKcsufr&Sdygu rnfolr# 0ifa&mufcGifh r&Sday?a'ocH jynfolwpfOD;u ajymjy&mwGif
tu,fI [Gmeif;ukr`%DESifh at;&Sm;a0gvfukr`%Dwdk@u Todk@aom yÉdyuQ tajc taeatmufwGif a&$vDtrSwf(2) qnfudk qufvufwnfaqmuf=urnf qdkygu/ qnfvHk+cHKa&;twGuf ppfwyfrsm;wdk;I apv$wfrnfrSm usdef;aoaeygonf? odk@qdkv#if xyf wdk;Iajrodrf;ydkufvk,ufr_rsm;/ tjcm;aom vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm; qdk;&Gm;pGm wdk;I}uKHawG@&zG,f &Sdaeygonf?
“a&$vD trSwf (1) qnf teD;tem;rSm usaemfwdkufyGJjzpfwJh toHawG=um;& w,f? tJ'g+yD;wJhaemuf qnf trSwf (2) ae&mrSm vmvkyfudkifae=uwJh w&kwftvkyform;awG/ u|rf;usifolawG vnf; w&kwfjynfudk jyefukef=uw,f? aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;awGvnf; ,m,D&yfqdkif;xm;vdkufw,f? a'ocHvkyfom;awGvnf; olwdk@tdrfudk olwdk@jyef=uwm aygh” [k qdkonf?
ucsifppfajy;'kuQonfrsm;
2626
a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;
a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;udk rdk;rdwf+rdK@e,ftwGif;wGif wnfaqmufrnfjzpf+yD;/ Tae&mwGif pdrf; vef;aeonfh jrpdrf;a&mifopfawmrsm;/ a&$0ga&mifv,fuGif;rsm;udk vSypGm jrpfjzwfoef;pD;qif;oGm;onfh ae&mvnf; jzpfonf? u|ef;opfESifh tjcm;opfrmrsm;vnf; Tae&mw0dkufwGif aygufa&mufae=uonf? qnfwnf aqmufrnfqdkygu txufydkif;&Sd aus;&Gm 20 cef@ESifh qnfteD; atmufydkif;&Sd &Gm-4 &GmrSm a&$@ajymif;=u&rnf jzpfygonf? (ajryHkudk =unfhyg?)
vdkif&maus;&GmESifh a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef; t=um;wGif us,fjyef@onfh vGifjyif}uD;&Sd+yD;/ opfawmrsm;/ tjcm;opfrmrsm; aygufa&mufae=uonf? rdk&dkaus;&GmwGif awmifusacsmif;a&rS aomufoHk;a&vHkavmufpGm r&Edkifjcif;a=umifh a&$vDjrpfa&udkom aus;&Gmvlxkrsm;u rSDcdktm;xm;ae=u&onf? jrpfteD;aus;&Gmtrsm;&Sd vlxkrsm;u pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;/ ig;zrf;jcif;/ trJvdkufjcif;wdk@jzifhom tm;xm;&Sifoefae=u&onf? vlxktrsm;u rdk;rdwf+rdK@odk@ oGm;a&muf&ef/ aus;&Gmwpf&GmESifh wpf&Gm ul;vl;oGm;a&muf&ef yifrvrf;r}uD;rsm;ESifh &Hzef&Hcg a&vrf;udktoHk;jyKae=u&onf?
a&$vDa&umwm trSwf(3) a=umifha&v$rf;rnfh rdk;vdkrS pdkufysdK;jcHwpfjcH
2727
a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef; wnfaqmuf&ef em;vnfr_pmc|efv$m a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef; wnfaqmuf&ef em;vnfr_pmc|efv$m vufrSwfa&; xdk;jcif;?vufrSwfa&; xdk;jcif;?
2010 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&DvwGif jrefrmEdkifiH trSwf (1) v#yfppfpGrf;tif0ef}uD;Xme ESifh qGpfZmvefEdkifiHrS udkvefudk pGrf;tif tif*sifeD,m ukr`%D (Colenco Power Engineering) . tr_aqmif 'k-OuUÏ rpPwm,ef;z&efqGmbJvif; (Mr, Jean Francois Belin) wdk@ trSwf (3) a&$vDa&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef; wnfaqmuf&ef t=uHay; 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;twGuf em;vnfr_pmc|efv$mwpf&yfudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=uygonf? v#yfppfpGrf; tif0ef}uD;Xme. tqdkt& ,ckpDrHudef;rSaeI 1050r*~g0yfxkwfvkyfEdkifrnf jzpf+yD;/ wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk 2015 wGif tqHk;owfEdkifrnf[k qdkygonf?2
ppfom;rsm; 0ifa&mufae&mcsvmjcif;ppfom;rsm; 0ifa&mufae&mcsvmjcif; em;vnfr_pmc|efv$m vufrSwfa&;xdk;+yD;onfhaemufwGif rdk;rdwftajcpdkuf ajcjrefwyf&if; (cr&)- 302 rS ppfom; 20 cef@ qnfwnfaqmufrnfhae&modk@ vHk+cHKa&;,l&ef a&muf&Sdvm=uonf? ‚wdk@u ppfaq;a&; *dwfpcef;rsm; zGifhvSpf+yD; teD;tem;&Gmrsm;rS oGm;vmr_rsm;udk ppfaq;=uonf? aus;&Gmvlxkrsm;rSm ppfom;rsm;udk a&SmifuGif; oGm;vmae=u&onf? ta=umif;rSm ppfom;rsm;u &Gmom;rsm;udk +cdrf;ajcmuftusyfudkifI aiGa=u;awmif;cHavh &Sdaoma=umifh jzpfonf?
a&$vDtrSwf(3) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;ae&modk@ vrf;twGuf ajrrsm; a&$vDtrSwf(3) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;ae&modk@ vrf;twGuf ajrrsm; odrf;ydkufjcif;odrf;ydkufjcif;rdk;rdwf+rdK@rS trSwf(3) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef; wnfaqmufrnfhae&modk@ vrf;opfrsm; azmufvkyfjcif;udk 2009 ckESpfwGif pwifcJh+yD;/ tuGmta0;tm;jzifh 12-rdkifcef@&Sdygonf? a'ocHjynfolrsm;. tqdkt& xl;ukr`%DESifh at;&Sm; a0gvfwdk@u vrf;azmufvkyfr_wGif yg0ifywfoufae=u+yD;/ ‚wdk@uvrf;azmufvkyf&m a'otwGif;rS opfrsm;udkvnf; ckwf,lxkwfvkyfae=uonf?
rdk;rdwfrS a&GvDtrSwf (3) odk@azmufvkyfxm;onfh vrf;opf
2828
,cktcsdefwGif aus;&Gm3-ck (tkef;ausmhopf/ aumhawmif/ a&$ZmvDaus;&Gmrsm;) &Sd rdom;pk 50cef@xHrS v,fuGif;rsm;/ [if;oD;[if;&Guf pdkufysKd;xm;onfh+cHrsm;/ &yf&Gm ydkifopfawmrsm;udk odrf;ydkuf,liifcJh=u+yD;jzpfonf? odrf;,lcH&onfh ajruGufrsm;wefzdk;. wpf0ufudk avsmfa=u;ay;rnf[k tm%mydkifrsm;u uwdxm;&Sdaomfvnf;/ ,ck tcsdefxdwdkif rnfonfhavsmfa=u;aiGr# r&&SdbJ&Sdae=uonf? ‚ukr`%Drsm;ESifh trSwf(1) v#yfppfpGrf;tif0ef}uD;Xmeu vrf;wav#muf&Sd ‚aus;&Gm 3-ckwGif tvkyform; wef;vsm;rsm;ESifh pufypPnf;rsm;odkavSmif&mpcef;udk aqmufvkyfaevsuf &Sdonf?
tjcm;v,form;wpfOD;uvnf; pdwfxdcdkufpGmjzifh vmrnfhESpfwGif ol.rdom;pk qufvuf &Sifoef&rnfudk rodawmha=umif; ajymjycJhonf?
“ukr`%DawGu usaemfwdk@udk bmrS rajymjyygbl;? olwdk@u usaemfhv,f wpf{uavmufudk avsmfa=u;ray;bJ zsufqD;vdkuf=uw,f? usaemfrSm v,fvkyfpm;zdk@ {uenf;enf;yJ usefawmhw,f? tckvrf;opfazmufwma=umifh usefwJh rdom;pkawGvnf; pyg;uGif;awG/ [if;oD;[if;&Guf+cHawG zsufqD;cH=u&w,f” (touf 64-ESpf&Sd wtmif; v,form;wpfOD;)
“usaemfhrSm v,f 15{uyJ ydkifygw,f? usaemfhrdom;pk vkyfudkifpm;zdk@u 'DajruGufuav;tay:rSmyJ rSDcdktm;xm; ae=u&wmyg? tckawmh vrf;azmufwma=umifh usaemfhv,f awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk pdkufvdk@r&awmhbl; jzpfoGm;+yD? tck usaemfeJ@ usaemfhrdom;pk pm;ae=u&wmu t&ifESpfu usefaewJhpyg;eJ@ pm;ae=u&wmyg? tck[m ukefoGm;&if aemufESpf b,fvdktoufquf&r,fawmif rodawmhygbl;” [k ajymjycJhonf?
a&umwmtrSwf(3) &Sdukr`%D,Of tokH;taqmifypPnf; odkavSmif&kH
2929
t"rRae&m ajymif;a&$@apjcif;t"rRae&m ajymif;a&$@apjcif;
2010 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvwGif a'ocHtm%mydkifrsm;u qnfwnfaqmufrnfhae&m txufydkif;&Sd aus;&Gm5-ckrS vlxkrsm;udk wpftdrfwpfOD;pD csufcsif;vma&muf&ef tpnf;ta0; qifhac:cJhonf? tpnf;ta0;wGif rdk;rdwf+rdK@rS tm%mydkifwpfOD;u aus;&Gmtm;vHk;taejzifh vmrnfh 3-ESpftwGif; ajymif;a&$@&rnf[k xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufcJh&ol aus;&Gmom;wpfOD;u tm%mydkifrsm; tpnf;ta0;wGif ajymqdkcJhonfudk atmufyg twdkif; jyefI&Sif;jyonf?
aus;&Gmvlxkrsm;rSm Ta=unmcsuftay: tHh=o0rf;enf;wkefv_yf=uovdk/ ,cktcg [email protected]*wftwGufyg pdk;&drfvm=uonf? tm%mydkifrsm;u ae&mopfpDpOfay;rnf/ avsmfa=u; tcsKd@ay;rnf[k qdkaomfvnf;/ aus;&Gm vlxkrsm;rSm trSefwu,fjzpfvmrnf- rjzpfrnfudk raocsm=uay? olwdk@u ae&yf&if;rS ra&$@ajymif;vdkbJ &Sdae=uonf? qnfpDrHudef;a=umifh vlxkrsm;. txGÉftjrwfxm;&m ae&mrsm; a&epfjrKyfoGm;rnf jzpfaoma=umifhvnf; a'gojzpfae=u&onf? rnfodk@aom pdk;&drfylyefr_rsm;ESifh vdkvm;csufrsm; &Sdaeonfjzpfap/ tm%mydkifrsm;udk apm'uwuf ajymqdk&efESifh nSd‡Ed_if;Edkif&ef tvGeftrif;cufcJonfudkvnf; olwdk@uodae=uonf? tpnf;ta0;wGif ppfom;rsm;&SdaeonfhtwGufa=umifhvnf; [email protected] xkwfazmfajymqdk&ef a=umuf&GH@ae=uonf?
“wpftdrfuae vlwpfOD; tpnf;ta0;wufcdkif;w,f? tm%mydkifawGu aus;&GmvlxkawGudk ajymif;a&$@zdk@ trdef@ ay;vmw,f? tm%mydkifawGuawmh rdk;rdwftjyifzufrSm ae&mtopf pDpOfay;r,fvdk@ ajymw,f? usaemfu tdrf topfaqmuf+yD;pqdkawmh ajymif;a&$@zdk@qdkwm pOf;pm;zdk@ cufvSw,f? tckawmh aqmufxm;wJhtdrfudk jyefzsuf& awmhr,f? tpdk;&uawmh tdrfeJ@ ajrawGudk wefzdk;&Jhwpf0uf avsmfa=u;ay;r,fvdk@awmh ajymw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfu avsmfa=u;ay;r,fqdkwm vHk;0r,Hkbl;” (rdk&dkaus;&GmrS wtmif;&Gmom;wpfOD;)
“bkef;}uD;u 'Dae&mrSm aevmwm 15-ESpf&Sd+yD? qnfaqmufwJhtcg bkef;}uD;ausmif;awG bk&m;apwDawGomru bl;/ bkef;}uD;wdk@ wawGvnf; wjcm;&Gmom;awGeJ@ twl ajymif;a&$@=u&r,fqdkawmh pdwfraumif;jzpfrdw,f?” (qnfa=umifh xdcdkufepfem&onfha'orS &[ef;wpfyg;)
“qnf trSwf (3) wnfaqmufr_udk tpdk;&ukr`%D at;&Sm;a0gvfu vkyfvdrfhr,f? tckqnfudk wnfaqmuf&wJh &nf&G,fcsufuawmh jrefrmEdkifiHrSm txl;vdktyfaewJh v#yfppf"mwftm; xkwfzdk@yJ? 'ga=umifh rdk;rdwf+rdK@e,fxJ &SdwJh jrpfteD;u aus;&GmvlxkawG ajymif;a&$@tajccszdk@ae&mudk rdk;rdwftem;rSm pDpOfay;xm;w,f? usaemfwkd@ 3-ESpf twGif; ajymif;a&$@ay;=u&r,f? txufvl}uD;awG ajymwmu qnftxufydkif;u aus;&GmawG a&v$rf;cH&vdrfh r,fvdk@ ajymw,f” (rdk&dkaus;&GmrS &Gmom;wpfOD;. jyefvnfajymjycsuf)
3030
“aus;&Gmom;wpfOD;uvnf; ol.tjrifudk ajymjyonf? usaemfarG;vmuwnf;u a&$vDjrpfa&udkaomuf+yD; 'D&GmrSm }uD;jyif;vmwm/ usaemfoufarG;0rf;ausmif;ae&wmvnf; wHigtvkyf/ 'DjrpfudkyJ rSDcdkae&wm? r=umao;rDu rdk;rdwf tm%mydkifawGqDu trdef@pmxGufvmawmh vmr,fh 3-ESpftwGif; ajymif;a&$@=u&r,f ajymw,f? vlawGu a=umufawmh b,folrS apm'urwuf&J=ubl;? usaemfu wjcm;ae&mudk rajymif;csifbl;? ajymif;+yD;wJhtcg ouf arG;0rf;ausmif;udpP b,fvdk qufvkyfpm;&r,fvnf; rodbl;? b,fvdk ydkufqH&Sm toufquf&r,fvnf; rod awmhbl;”[k qdkonf?
tm%mydkifrsm;u jyefvnfae&mcsxm;rnfh aus;&Gmudk rdk;rdwf+rdK@ESifh trSwf (3) qnft=um;wGif wnfaqmufay;rnf/ ,cktcg opfawmrsm; pwif&Sif;vif;ae+yD[k qdkonf? odk@aomfvnf; aus;&Gmvlxkrsm; ajymif;a&$@tajccsvmonfhtcgwGif a&$ZmvD/ tkef;ausmhopf/ ulepfrdkif;/ usL;pmponfh&GmeD;csKyfpyf aus;&GmrSvlxkrsm;ESifh ajr,mudP tjiif;yGm;&zG,fvnf; &Sdaeonf?
a&vHk;0 v$rf;rdk;epfjrKyfcH&rnfjzpfI ajymif;a&$@&ef trdef@xkwfjyefxm;+yD; jzpfonfh aus;&Gm 5-ck tjyif/ rdk;rdwf+rdK@ESifh &Gmtrsm;ukefoG,fae=uonfh yifrvrf;r}uD;vnf; a&epfjrKyfcH&rnf jzpfonf? ‚vrf;udk trSDjyKI vufzuf/ qef/ qD/ qm;/ =uufoGefrsm; ukefoG,fae=u&onfh tjcm;&Gm 5-ckrSmvnf; epfem=u&rnf jzpfonf? ukefrsm;udk ydkI a0;uGmonfh rdkif;wkef+rdK@rS
a&umwmtrSwf (3) ae&m &Sif;vif;jyD;pD;? awmifxdyfwGif&Sdaom trSwftom;onf a&umwm xdyfydkif;jzpfonf?
3131
“tbu'Dae&mrSm tbdk;tbGm;awG vufxufuwnf;u aevmwm? tckawmh tpdk;&u qnfvmaqmufawmhr,f? olwdk@u &GmuvlawGudk tdrfawG ajymif;a&$@zdk@ t"rRcdkif;ae+yD? olwdk@eJ@ aqG;aEG;ajymqdkvnf; &zdk@ ta=umif;r&Sdbl;? tbu tifrwefpdwfysufw,f? a'ocHtm%mydkifawGu tbudkvnf; twif;tusyf ajymif;a&$@cdkif;ae+yD? tdrfawG/ vufzufcif;awG/ pyg;cif;awG/ wjcm;pdkufysKd;pm;vdk@&wJh ajrawGudk o,foGm;vdk@&wmr [kwfbl;? olwdk@ajymwmu rdk;rdwfrSmae&r,fajymw,f? 'gayr,fh tbeJ@rdom;pku tJ'Dudkrajymif;csifbl;? tcktcsdefxdawmh 'DrSmyJqufae+yD;/ wu,fvdk@ a&}uD;vm&if awmifay:udk a&$@+yD;aewmaygh” (em;&Hkaus;&Gm rS wtmif;rdom;pk wpfpk)
0,f,l=u&rnfjzpf+yD;/ oGm;vma&;vrf;a=umif; ydwfyifoGm;onfhtwGuf ydkItcuftcJ rsm;vnf; }uKHawG@&zG,f &Sdaeonf?
a&umwm trSwf (3) a=umifh a&v$rf;cH&rnfh &Gmwpf&Gm? a&v$rf;rkd;oGm;rnfh txGwftjrwfxm;aom apwDykxdk;rsm;ESifh bkef;=uD;ausmif;rsm;
3232
pOfpOf aus;&Gmrsm;aus;&Gmrsm; tdrfaxmifpkrsm;tdrfaxmifpkrsm; vlOD;a&vlOD;a& wdkif;&if;om;vlrskdK;wdkif;&if;om;vlrskdK;
aus;&Gmrsm; a&v$rf;cH&rnfjzpfI 2013 ckESpf aemufqHk;xm;I ajymif;a&$@&ef trdef@xkwfxm;+yD; aus;&Gmrsm; a&v$rf;cH&rnfjzpfI 2013 ckESpf aemufqHk;xm;I ajymif;a&$@&ef trdef@xkwfxm;+yD; jzpfonf?jzpfonf?
1 rdk¶kd 252 1704 wtmif;/ &Srf;/ ArmESifh ucsif
2 em;&kH 56 243 wtmif;/ &Srf;/
3 em;&m; 80 480 wtmif;?
4 rkd;uwf 60 365 wtmif;/ &Srf; eSifh Arm
5 em;aqmuf 100 648 wtmif;/ &Srf;
ukefoG,fvrf;rsm; a&v$rf;cH&rnf? v,fajrrsm;ESifh opfawmrsm; qHk;¶_H;rnf? ukefoG,fvrf;rsm; a&v$rf;cH&rnf? v,fajrrsm;ESifh opfawmrsm; qHk;¶_H;rnf?
6 jrpfqkH 230 1568 wtmif;/ &Srf; eSifh Arm
7 yef;wif; 70 395 wtmif;
8 cdkyef 90 535 wtmif;/ &Srf;
9 ref+ydef; 90 546 wtmif;/ &Srf;
10 refqGef; 50 285 wtmif;/
11 yef;wdef; 78 460 wtmif;/ &Srf;/ ucsif
12 yef;bdef; 67 323 wtmif;/
13 yef;um; 50 297 wtmif;/ ucsif
14 uGwfukef 79 476 wtmif;/ &Srf;/ ucsif
15 bkwfzGifh 55 324 wtmif;/
vrf;azmufvkyfa&;eSifh vsmxm;onfh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; pcef;rsm;ajumifh ajrqHk;&_H;&rnf? vrf;azmufvkyfa&;eSifh vsmxm;onfh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; pcef;rsm;ajumifh ajrqHk;&_H;&rnf?
16 a&$ZmvD 84 507 wtmif;/ &Srf;
17 tkef;ausmhopf 185 1200 wtmif;/ &Srf; ESifh Arm
18 usL;pm 46 270 wtmif;/ &Srf;
19 66 390 wtmif;/
20 em;,kwf 58 346 wtmif;/ &Srf; ESifh Arm
ul;epfrdkif;ul;epfrdkif; 1846 11190
pkpkaygif;pkpkaygif;
a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;a=umifh a&v$rf;cH&rnfh ZHka&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;a=umifh a&v$rf;cH&rnfh ZHk
3333
2500 {u
13000 {u
3800 {u
6000 {u
4500 {u
&Gm 5 &Gm.a'o
pyg;pdkufcif;rsm;
tjcm;pdkufysdK;a&;cif;rsm;
&yf&Gmydkifopfawmrsm;
jrpfurf;pdkufcif;rsm;
a&$vD a&umwm trSwf (2) ESifh (3) pDrHudef;a=umifh a&$vD a&umwm trSwf (2) ESifh (3) pDrHudef;a=umifh cef@rSef;ajca&v$rf;rnfh a'orsm;cef@rSef;ajca&v$rf;rnfh a'orsm;
trSwf (3) a&umwma=umifh cef@rSef;ajc a&v$rf;Edkifrnfh ajr,mrsm; trSwf (3) a&umwma=umifh cef@rSef;ajc a&v$rf;Edkifrnfh ajr,mrsm;
a&umwmteD;wpf0dkuf&Sd cef@rSef;ajc a&$@ajymif;cH&rnfhajrae&mrsm;
trSwf (2) a&umwma=umifh a&v$rf;rnfh ajr,mrsm;udk aemufqufwGJwGif=unfhyg
3434
a&$vDjrpfa=umif;wav#muf opfxkwfvkyfief;rsm;a&$vDjrpfa=umif;wav#muf opfxkwfvkyfief;rsm;
2010 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvESifh 2011 ckESpf/ arvt=um; ajcmufaoG@&moDwGif a&$vDjrpfa=umif;wav#mufY w&kwfESifh jrefrmvkyfief;&Sifrsm;u u|ef;opf/ uDEdkESifh tjcm; opfrmrsm;udk t}uD;tus,f y&rf;ywm xkwf,laecJh=uonf? x&yfum;}uD;rsm;jzifh opfvHk; }uD;rsm;udk w&kwfEdkifiHtwGif;odk@ ae@pOfESifhtr# o,faqmifae=u&m/ ,cktcg a&$vDtrSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;teD;&Sd ta&;ygonfh opfawm}uD;rsm;rSm ukefoavmuf&Sdae+yD jzpfonf? jrefrmppfacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh eD;pyfonfh jynfwGif;&Sd pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;}uD;rsm; jzpfonfh at;&Sm;a0gvfESifh xl;opfxkwfvkyfa&; ukr`%DvDrdwufwdk@uvnf; rdk;rdwfrS qnfwnfaqmufrnfhae&modk@ vrf;a=umif;opf azmufvkyfvsuf&Sd&m ‚wdk@uvnf; opfrsm;udk t}uD;tus,f xkwfvkyfae=uonf? “a&$vD trSwf (3) qnfae&mrSm vltawmfrsm;rsm;u u|ef;opfawG ckwf,lae=uw,f? olwdk@u awmxJrSm pufawG/ qifawGoHk;+yD; opfawGudk vrf;r}uD;ay: qGJxkwfvmw,f? wpfcgwavqdk&if wpfae@udk x&yfum; tpD; 40-50 ausmfavmuf puf&Hkwnfr,fhae&muae+yD; w&kwfjynfe,fpyfudk opfawG cdk;xkwfae=uw,f? ukr`%Dum;awGu a&S@ajy;tapmifhtjzpf a&S@uaearmif;=u+yD;/ olwdk@u pm&Gufpmwrf;udpPawG/ *dwfa=u;awG }udKwifndSEd_if;ay;=uw,f? 'grSyJ ppfaq;a&;*dwfawGudk taESmifht,Sufr&Sd tJ'Dopfum;awG jzwfoGm;Edkif=urSm jzpfw,f?” (erfhcrf;&Sd x&yfum;ydkif&Sif wpfOD;)
o,f,l&ef apmifhqdkif;aeom opfrsm;
3535
jrefrmppfwyfwyfzGJ@rsm;u trSwf(3) qnfaqmufvkyfrnfhae&mESifh w&kwf EdkifiH e,fpyft=um; ‚wdk@xdef;csKyf&mae&mrsm;rS jzwfoef;oGm;onfh x&yfum;rsm; xHrS vmbfaiGrsm; awmif;cHwwf=uonf? cr&(302)/ (130)ESifh (144) wdk@rS a'ocHppfom;rsm;tjyif/ erfhcrf;+rdK@e,f refwHk-yef;aq;a'o&Sd ppftpdk;& ausmaxmufaemufcHjyKxm;aom jynfol@ppf vufeufudkif wyfzGJ@rsm;rS ppfom;rsm;/ opfawmXme0efxrf;rsm;uvnf; &Srf;jynfe,f ajrmufydkif;wGif opfxkwf,laer_twGuf x&yfum;ydkif&Sifrsm;udk aiGn‡pfawmif;cHwwf=uonf? odk@aomfvnf; xl;ukr`%DESifh w&kwfukr`%Drsm;rSm txuftm%mydkifrsm;xHrS txl;jzwfoef;cGifh vufrSwfrsm; &&Sdxm;=u+yD;/ qnfwnfaqmuf&mae&mrS w&kwfEdkifiHodk@ taESmuft,Suf uif;uif;jzifh jzwfoef;armif;ESif Edkif=uonf?
&Srf;jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd +rdK@e,fESifh aus;&Gm trsm;tjym;rSaomfvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmEdkifiH tv,fydkif;rSaomfvnf; aumif; vltrsm;u ,ckopfxkwfvkyfonfhae&mrsm;wGif vma&mufvkyfudkifae=u+yD;/ 0ifaiG&SmazGae=uonf? tcsKd@u opfyifckwfI/ tcsKd@u ckwf+yD;om;opfvHk;rsm;udk x&yfum;rsm;ay:odk@ wifay;=u&onf? tcsKd@u opf awmwav#muf vHk+cKHa&;apmifh=uyfay;=u&onf? tca=u;aiG aumufcHrnfh&Jrsm;/ ppfaq;a&;*dwfrsm; &Sdv#if olwdk@u }udKwifowday;=u&onf? opfxkwfvkyfief;rsm;wGif vkyfudkif=uol a'ocHrsm;u ntcsdefwGif vHk+cKHa&; tajctaeudk apmifh=unfhI opfvHk;rsm;udk x&yfum;ay: wifay;=u&onf?
rdk;rdwfjrdK@e,f&Sd opfawm0ef=uD;. opfrckwf& qdkif;bkwf/ odk@aomfvnf; xdka'owGif&Sdaom opfyif=uD;rsm;udkrl opfxkwfvkyfa&;ukr`%DrS ckwfxGifxm;jyD;jzpfonf?
3636
rl;,pfaq;0g; vGwfvyfpGm oHk;pGJcGifhESifh pDrHudef; ZHktwGif; a&mif;0,fae=ujcif;rl;,pfaq;0g; vGwfvyfpGm oHk;pGJcGifhESifh pDrHudef; ZHktwGif; a&mif;0,fae=ujcif;
ajrmufydkif;&Srf;jynfe,f&Sd erfhcrf;/ rdkif;wHk/ erfhqeff/ rdk;rdwf+rdK@e,frsm;onf jrefrmppfwyf xdef;csKyfr_atmufY &Sdae=uonf? Ta'orsm;wGif 2011 ckESpfrSpI bdef;pdkufysKd;r_ESifh rl;,pfaq;0g; xkwfvkyfr_ t}uD;tus,f wdk;wufvmcJhonf? wtmif;a'orsm;wGif rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;udk vG,fvifhwul azmufum;a&mif;0,fEdkif=u+yD;/ txl;ojzifh opfxkwfvkyf&m ae&mrsm;ESifh qnfwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm; teD;w0dkufwGif Todk@ rl;,pfaq;a&mif;0,fr_ jzpfay:aeonf? w&kwftvkyform;rsm;/ x&yfum; armif;ESifol '&dkifbmrsm;/ a'ocHvli,frsm;ESifh &Gmom;rsm;u pdwf=uGaq;/ bdef;jzL/ bdef;rJrsm;udk oHk;pGJae=uonf? pdwf=uGaq;udk opfxkwfvkyfief; oGm;&mvrf;wav#muf&Sd &Gmwdkif;eD;yg;avmufwGif 0,f,l&&SdEdkif=u+yD;/ tcsKd@aom w&kwfrsm;ESifh opfvkyfief;ydkif&Sif olaX;rsm;uvnf; tvkyform;rsm;udk pdwf=uGaq; wdkufau|;avh&Sd=uonf? a'ocHtm %mydkifrsm;uvnf; rl;,pfaq; azmufum;a&mif; 0,folrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;pD;yGm;&Sm ae=uonf?
ukr`%Drsm;u a'owGif;rS ukr`%Drsm;u a'owGif;rS u|ef;opfrsm;udk cdk;,lxkwfvkyf u|ef;opfrsm;udk cdk;,lxkwfvkyf ae=ujcif;ae=ujcif; pDrHudef;rpwifrDwGif trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;teD;&Sd a'ocHvlxkrsm;taejzifh ayg=uG,f 0onfh opfawmtwGif;rS u|ef;opfudkckwfI ausmif;ESifh tdrfrsm;aqmufvkyf&ef toHk;jyK EdkifcJh=uonf? opfudk pD;yGm;jzpf xkwf vkyfjcif;r[kwfbJ/ a'otoHk;
twGufom ckwf,l=ujcif;jzpfonf? “usaemfwdk@&GmrSm u|ef;opfawmawG trsm; tjym; &Sdygw,f? u|ef;opfyifawGudk ckwf+yD; tdrfawG/ wd&d>mefarG;zdk@+cHawG/ ausmif;awG aqmufEdkif=uw,f? u|ef;tyif}uD;awGudk csefxm;=u+yD;/ tyifi,fawGavmufudkyJ a'ooHk;twGuf ckwf,l=uw,f? 'gayr,fh pDrHudef;pwJh tcsdefupvdk@ u|ef;opf{&mr tyif}uD;awGudkyg ukr`%DawGu pD;yGm;jzpf t}uD;tus,fckwf,lae=u+yD? u|ef;yif qdkvdk@ tyifi,fi,fawGyJ usefawmhw,f?” (rdk&dkaus;&Gm vlxkwpfOD;)
“vltrsKd;rsKd;u usaemfqDuae pdwf=uGaq;vm0,f=uw,f? wpfae@wpfae@udk aq;vHk; 50 avmuf a&mif;&+yD;/ wcsKd@ae@awGqdk&if ydk+yD; a&mif;&ao;w,f? usaemfa&mif;wm aq;u 2-rsKd;&Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfhqDuaq;0,f wJholawGu vlodrsm;wJh rl;,pfaq;&mZm yef;aq;ausmfjrifh qDu
a'ocHrsm;udk wdkif;&if;aq;ESifh wd&dp>mefarG;jrLa&;twGuf cGifhjyKxm;aom oauFw? ,cktcsdfefwGif ppfwyfrsm;rSopfxkwfvkyfa&;ukr`%Drsm;udk cGifhjyKxm;aoma=umifh a'ocHrsm;udk 0ifcGifhrjyKawmhyg?
3737
a'ocH tm%mydkifrsm;u a'ocHjynfolrsm; rl;,pfaq;0g; tœ&m,frS umuG,fay;Edkif&ef rnfodk@r# ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif; r&Sd=uay? rl;,pfaq; a&mif;0,faeolrsm;udk olwdk@udk,fwdkifodaomfvnf; zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK=uay? ‚tpm;[email protected];twGuf aiGn‡pf awmif;cHjcif;om jyKae=uonf? rl;,pfaq;a&mif;0,folrsm;u &Jrsm;ESifh ppfom;rsm;udk aiG/ odk@r[kwf rl;,pfaq;ay;vdkufonfhtcg olwdk@u +rdK@§&Gmrsm;xJwGif rl;,pfaq;udk jyefvnf a&mif;cs=uonf? ‚+rdK@e,frsm;wGif wm0efusaeaom &J§ppfom;trsm;tjym;rSmvnf; udk,fwdkif rl;,pfaq;pGJae =uonf? yef;wdkifaus;&GmwGif pcef;csaeonfh rdk;rdwf+rdK@tajcpdkuf ppfwyfrS ppfom;rsm;onf t&ufrl;,pf/ aq;rl; ,pfae=u+yD; pcef;odk@jyefrvmbJ/ awmxJwGif &uftwef=um av#mufoGm;aewwf=uonf? ppfwyfrsm;u olwdk@. &Jabmfrsm;udk awmxJwGif &SmazGay;&ef &Gmom;rsm;udk twif;tusyf cdkif;apcJh=uonf? &Gmom;rsm;u Todk@ &Jabmfaysmuf &SmazGay;&onfh c&D;wGif/ [email protected],fydkif&duQmrsm;udk ukd,fwdkif,liifoGm;I &SmazGay;cJh=u&onf? aus;&Gmom;rsm;u ppfom;wpfOD;udk awmeufxJwGif &SmazGawG@&Sdaomfvnf;/ Todk@ &SmazGawG@Edkif&ef tcsdef 4-&uf cef@ ay;cJh=u&onf?
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xkwfwJhpdwf=uGaq;yJ 0,fw,f? t&nf taoG;tay: rlwnf+yD; usyf 2˜000 avmuf ay;&w,f? usaemfu tm%mydkifawGudk taESmifht,Sufr&SdbJ aq; a&mif;csEdkifzdk@ wpfvudk usyf 50˜000 ay;&w,f? wpfcgwav a'ocH&JawGeJ@ ppfom;awGvnf; usaemhfqDrSmvm +yD; aq;oHk;=uw,f” (rdk;rdwfrS ucsifvlrsKd;wpfOD;)
aus;&Gmvl}uD;wpfOD;u ajym&mwGif “olwdk@u usaemfhtdrfrSm 10-&ufavmuf vmaew,f? ta=umif;u opfawGo,fwJh x&yfum;awGuae tcGefaumufzdk@yJ? olwdk@u tcsKd@um;'&dkifbm awGudk aiGtwif;tusyfawmif;w,f? '&dkifbmawGuvnf; aiGray;=ubl;? olwdk@u pdwf=uGaq;awG 0,f+yD;awmh usaemfhtdrfrSm aewdkif;qdkovdk oHk;ae=uw,f? usaemfvnf; olwdk@tay: tifrwef pdwfqdk;w,f? 'gayr,fh bmrS ajymvdk@r&bl;? usaemfudkvnf; =uufom;/ 0ufom; ae@wdkif;vdkvdk twif;tusyf &SmazGcsufcdkif;aew,f”?
wtmif;a'otwGif;&Sd rl;,pfaq;0g;okH;pGJolrsm;
3838
tenf;i,frSsaom tusKd;&v'frsm;tenf;i,frSsaom tusKd;&v'frsm; txufwGif azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; a&$vDtrSwf (2) ESifh (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;wdk@rS xGuf&Sdvmrnfh v#yfppfrsm;udkvnf; w&kwfEdkifiHodk@ wifydk@a&mif;csrnf[k ,lq&onf? tu,fI xGuf&Sdvmonfh v#yfppfudk jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; jyefvnftoHk;csrnfqdkonfhwdkif/ a&$vDtrSwf (1) pDrHudef;wGif cHpm;cJh&onfh tawG@t}uKHt& a'ocHjynfolrsm;twGuf rsm;rsm;pm;pm; tusKd;jzpfzG,f r&Sday? a&$vDtrSwf(1) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;rS xGuf&Sdvm onfh v#yfppf"mwftm; trsm;pkudk w&kwfEdkifiHodk@ wifydk@a&mif;cs+yD;/ usef"mwftm;udk jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;&Sd ppfwyfydkifpuf&Hkrsm;/ +rdK@rsm; teD;w0dkuf&Sd aiGa=u;wwfEdkifol tdrfaxmif pkrsm;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udkom a&mif;csjcif; jyKcJh=uonf?
qnfae&m&Sd aus;&Gmrsm; arSmiftwd aexdkifae&jcif; qnfae&m&Sd aus;&Gmrsm; arSmiftwd aexdkifae&jcif; a&$vDtrSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppfpuf&Hkwnf&Sd&m refwyfaus;&Gmonf wmbdkifpufrsm; tm;vHk;wyfqif vnfywfae+yD jzpfonfhwdkif/ ,ae@txd v#yfppfrD;r&&SdbJ arSmiftwdae xdkifae=u&onf? qnfrSxGuf&Sdvmonfhv#yfppf udk bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;ESifh ppfpcef;udkom toHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;onf? tcsKd@aom rdom;pkrsm;u ti,fpm;a&tm; v#yfppfxkwfpufrsm; toHk;jyKum olwdk@tdrftwGuf udk,fydkifrD;&&SdEdkif=uonf? qnfwnfaqmuf+yD;pD;onfhtcg ,cifolwdk@ ar#mfvifhcsufrsm; rnfr#aysmufuG,foGm;cJh&onfudk a'ocH trsKd;orD;wpfOD;u &Sif;jyonf?
“usrwdk@&GmrSm bkef;}uD;ausmif;wpfckyJ v#yfppfrD; tvum;&w,f? t&ifwkef;u tm%mydkifawGajymwmu puf&Hk+yD;&if rD;24-em&D &apr,fajymcJhw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u xifwm rD;&&if&kyf&Sif=unfhEdkif+yDqdk+yD; aysmf&$ifcJh=uw,f? 'gayr,fh tckawmh ar#mfvifhcsuf awG aysmufukef+yD? tpdk;&tay:rSm b,fawmhrS rSDcdkaevdk@r&bl;? udk,fhbmomyJ tm;udk;& awmhr,f”?
tarSmifv$rf;aeqJ trSwf (1) a&umwmrS rD;=udK;vdkif;rsm; jzwfoef;oGm;onfh &Gmwpf&Gm
3939
ppfwyf/ ppfwyfESifh qufEG,faeaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;twGufom v#yfppf ppfwyf/ ppfwyfESifh qufEG,faeaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;twGufom v#yfppf udk toHk;csaejcif;udk toHk;csaejcif; 2009 ckESpfwGif/ erRwl+rdK@e,f refqefaus;&GmwGif trSwf (1) a&$vD a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;rS "mwftm;udk vm;&d_;+rdK@ odk@ jzef@jzL;Edkif&ef v#yfppf"mwftm;cGJ puf&Hkwpf&Hkudk wnfaqmuf+yD;pD;cJhonf? Todk@ydk@v$wfonfh "mwftm;trsm;pk udk ppfwyfydkifpuf&Hkrsm;ESifh ppfwyf. aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;om cHpm;cGifh &Sd=uonf? 2010 ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJusif;y csdefumvwGif AdkvfcsKyfarmifarmifaqGu erfhqef+rdK@e,f&Sd jynfolrsm;udk a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf uwday;&mY a&$vD trSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppf puf&HkrS v#yfppf&&Sdaprnf[k qdkcJhonf? odk@aomfvnf; v#yfppfrsm;udk ppfwyfydkif vuf zufpuf&Hk 2-&Hk ESifh ppfwyfESifh qufEG,faeonfh ukr`%Drsm;/ vkyfief;rsm;twGufom toHk;jyKaeao;onf?
&&Sdonfhv#yfppfrD;rSm yHkrSefr[kwfovdk/ wwfEdkifpGrf;onfhtzdk;tc r[kwfjcif;&&Sdonfhv#yfppfrD;rSm yHkrSefr[kwfovdk/ wwfEdkifpGrf;onfhtzdk;tc r[kwfjcif; rlq,fESifh erfhcrf;+rdK@e,frsm;onf 1990 ckESpfrsm;rSpI tzdk;tc csKdomonfhaps; E_ef;jzifh w&kwfEdkifiHrS v#yfppf0,f,loHk;pGJEdkif=uaomfvnf;/ a&$vDtrSwf(1) qnfwnfaqmuf +yD;pD;onfh tcsdefrSpI 2010 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif ‚v#yfppf"mwftm;ay;&HkrS xGuf&Sdonfh "mwftm;udkom oHk;pGJ&ef trdef@xkwfjyefcJhonf? olwdk@u a'owGif;rS rdrdbmom v#yf ppfxkwf,ltoHk;jyKEdkif =uaomfvnf;/ 0,f,lae&onfh v#yfppfrD; yHkrSefr&&Sdjcif;ESifh aps;E_ef;}uD;jrifhvGef; jcif;/ twif;tusyf a=u;rsm; aumufcHaejcif;tay: rausreyf ajymqdkae=uonf? v#yfppfyHkrSefr&&Sdjcif;a=umifh vkyfief;rsm;taejzifh tqifajyacsmarG@pGm vnfywfEdkifap&ef twif;tusyfawmif;cHonfh aiGa=u;rsm; ay;ae=u& onf? rD;oHk;pGJolrsm;u rdrd. rDwmabmufudk rdrdbmom 0,f,lwyfqif=u&+yD;/ rDwmabmuf wpfckv#if usyf 7 odef;cef@ rwefwqa=u;udkvnf; ay;=u&jyefonf? tcsKd@rdom;pkrsm;rSm aps;}uD;jrifhvGef;aoma=umifh rDwmabmufrajymif;bJ onftwdkif;ae=u&m rD;r&EdkifbJjzpf ae=uonf? erfhcrf;+rdK@e,fwGif rdom;pkrsm;u rDwmabmufrsm; av#mufxm; =uaomfvnf;/ olwdk@udk rnfr# wef&mwefzdk;jzwfrnfrSef; rod&ao;bJ &Sdae=uonf?
v#yfppf&&Sd oHk;pGJaeol erfhcrf;+rdK@ae jynfolwpfOD;uvnf; v#yfppfXme0efxrf;rsm;u aiGn‡pf acgif;yHkjzwfaeyHkudk rausreyfjzifh azmfjyajymqdkcJhonf?
“usaemfwdk@ w&kwfjynfu v#yfppfrD;oHk;wkef;u rDwmabmuf xdef;odrf;czdk; ukefuscHp&m rvdkbl;? tckawmh a&$vD a&tm;v#yfppfu rD;udk oHk;awmhrS a=u;aiGtrsKd;rsKd;awmif;wm cHae&w,f? rD;uvnf; yHkrSefr&jyefbl;? bmjzpfvdk@ oHk;ae&ovJqdkawmh twif;tusyf oHk;cdkif;wmudk;” (xkwfvkyfa&; vkyfief;ydkif&SifwpfOD;)
“aus;&Gm v#yfppfaumfrDwDeJ@ v#yfppfXme 0efxrf;awGu tifrwef tusifhysufjcpm;=uw,f? olwdk@u &Gmom;awG v#yfppfeJ@ywfoufvdk@ bmrSrodbl;xifae=uw,f? olwdk@awmif;wJh tydktzdk;tcawG ray;&if/ tpdk;&uay;wJh v#yfppfudkoHk;cGifhr&Sdbl; jzpfae=uw,f” (erfhcrf;+rdK@ae jynfolwpfOD;)
4040
ed*Hk;ed*Hk;a&$vDjrpfonf yavmif (wtmif;) vlrsKd;wdk@. toufaoG;a=umyif jzpfonf? wnfaqmuf+yD; onfh qnfESifh xyfrHwnfaqmufOD;rnfh qnfrsm;a=umifh a'ocHvlxkrsm;twGuf tusKd;t jrwf tenf;i,fr#om &&Sd+yD;/ qdk;usKd;rsm; pwif}uKHawG@cHpm;ae=u&+yD jzpfonf? tu,fI vsmxm;onfh a&$vDjrpfay:rS aemufxyf qnf(2) ckudk xyfI wnfaqmufrnf qdkygu/ vlaygif; (15˜ 000) cef@ wdkuf&dkuf xdcdkufepfem=u&rnf jzpfygonf? vlaygif; (3˜000) cef@udkvnf; ajymif;a&$@tajccs&ef trdef@xkwfqifhxm;+yD; jzpfonf? qnfwnfaqmufrnfh ae&m txuf ydkif;&Sd vlaetdrfajcrsm;/ txGÉftjrwfxm;&m bk&m;apwDrsm;/ bkef;}uD;ausmif;rsm; a&v$rf;rdk;cH&rnf jzpfovdk/ vltrsm; rSDcdktm;xm;ae&onfh wdkif;&if;y&aq;yifrsm; aygufa&muf&m opfawmrsm;vnf; a&v$rf;cH=u&rnf jzpfygonf? a&$vDjrpf. a*[pHepf wpfckvHk; xdcdkufysufpD;rnf jzpf+yD;/ ig;zrf;pm;aomufae&ol wHigrsm;/ v,form;rsm;. oufarG;0rf;ausmif; vkyfief;rsm;tay:wGifvnf; +cdrf;ajcmufr_ &Sdaeygonf?qnfrsm;ESifhywfoufI owif;tcsuftvufrsm;vnf; tenf;i,fr#om od&Sd&+yD;/ xdcdkuf epfem&rnfh jynfolrsm;ESifh wkdifyift=uH&,ljcif;vnf; r&Sdyg? obm0ywf0ef;usifxdcdkuf ysufpD;Edkifacs tuJjzwf ppfaq;csufrsm;udkvnf; vlod&Sif=um; xkwfjyefjcif; r&Sdyg? a&$vDjrpf ay:wGif aemufxyfqnfrsm; wnfaqmufrnfqdkygu ‚a&pD; 0ifaeonfh jrefrmEdkifiH. yifrjrpfwpfpif;jzpfonfh {&m0wDjrpf. a&pD;a&vmudkvnf; xdcdkufaprnfrSm rkcsjzpfyg onf? odk@twGufa=umifh wtmif;ausmif;om; vli,frsm;tzGJ@ (TSYO)u wnfaqmuf&ef vsm xm;onfh a&$vDjrpfay:rS qnfpDrHudef;rsm;udk &yfqdkif;yg&ef awmif;qdktyfygonf?
t=uHjyKcsufrsm;t=uHjyKcsufrsm;wtmif;jynfolrsm;odk@wtmif;jynfolrsm;odk@ • pDrHudef;rsm;ESifhywfoufI ydkIavhvm=uyg&efESifh aemifvmrnfh rsKd;qufrsm; twGuf
obm0ywf0ef;usif ESifh a&$vDjrpfudk ydkI apmifha&Smuf=uyg&ef?• rdrdwdk@tcGifhta&;twGuf twlwuG &yfwnfv_yf&Sm;=uyg&ef?
wtmif;trsKd;om; ygwD wtmif;trsKd;om; ygwD (TNP)(TNP) odkh- odkh- • EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfcktaejzifh v$wfawmftwGif; oifhavsmfpGm&yfwnfI wtmif;jynf
olrsm; vdktyfcsufESifh ,ckjzpfay:aeonfh a&$vDqnfrsm;. qdk;usKd;tusKd;qufrsm; tygt0if }uHKawG@ae&onfh jyoemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Edkifa&;twGuf ‚wdk@. wm0ef0W&m;rsm;udk jznfhqnf;=uyg&ef?
• wtmif;jynfolvlxkrsm;ESifh ydkrdkaumif;rGefonfhqufqHa&;/ ,Hk=unfr_udkwnf aqmufI wtmif;jynfolrsm; aexdkifr_b0/ a'ocH oufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh obm0 ywf0ef;usifudk qufvufxdef;odrf;Edkifa&;twGuf ulnDyHhydk;ay;yg&ef?
4141
jrefrmEdkifiH ppftpdk;&odkh jrefrmEdkifiH ppftpdk;&odkh • a&$vDjrpfay:wGif wnfaqmuf&ef vsmxm;onfh qnfpDrHudef;rsm;udk zsufodrf;yg &ef?
‚qnfrsm;ESifh ywfoufI jzpfay:aeonfh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm; tm;vHk; &yfqdkif;yg&ef?
• pDrHudef;rsm;wGif ydkIyGifhvif;jrifomr_/ xdcdkufcH&I epfemrnfhjynfolrsm;ESifh wdkifyift}uH &,l+yD; ‚wdk@xHrS od&Sdem;vnfI ay;aom oabmwlnDr_ vdktyfae+yD;/ pDrHudef;rsm; rpwifrDuyif aqmif&Gufxm;&rnf jzpfygonf? tpdk;&wpfcktaejzifh ‚. jynfolrsm;udk umuG,fay;&ef wm0ef&Sd+yD;/ vl@tcGifhta&;csKd; azmufr_rsm; rusL;vGef oifhyg?
• obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;odk@ a&mif;csjcif;jzifh ‚wdk@. tdwfrsm; aiGjznfhwif;aer_/ jynfol rsm;twGuf tusKd;tjrwf rjzpfaprnfh vkyf&yfrsm;udk &yfqdkif;yg?
• ,ckpDrHudef;rsm;twGuf odrf;,lxm;onfhajrrsm;udk epfem&olrsm;xH jyefvnfay; tyfyg&ef?
• wpfEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmjzifh typftcwf &yfpJ&ef? wyfzGJ@rsm;udk jyefvnf&kyfodrf;I qufvufjzpfyGm;ae&onfh jynfwGif;ppf. jyoemudk tajz&SmEdkif&ef ppfrSefaom awG@qHk aqG;aEG;r_rsm; jyKvkyfyg&ef?
[Gmeif; vef;uef;ukr`%DESifh w&kwfEdkifiH tpdk;&odk@[Gmeif; vef;uef;ukr`%DESifh w&kwfEdkifiH tpdk;&odk@• a&$vD trSwf (2) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;udk &yfqdkif;yg&ef? ta=umif;rSm
w&kwfEdkifiHOya't& jyXmef; xm;onfh obm0 ywf0ef;usif xdcdkufoufa&mufr_ tuJjzwfcsufrsm;/ jynfolvlxk yg0ifaqmif&GufcGifh ESifh oifhavsmfonfh avsmfa=u;ay;aqmifr_ uif;rJhaeaoma=umifh jzpfonf?
qGpfZmvefEdkifiHrS udkvefudk pGrf;tif tif*sifeD,mukr`%Dodk@qGpfZmvefEdkifiHrS udkvefudk pGrf;tif tif*sifeD,mukr`%Dodk@• a&$vD trSwf (3) a&tm;v#yfppf pDrHudef;wGif yg0ifywfoufaer_udk csufcsif; &yfqdkif;yg&ef?
ukr`%Dtae jzifh ‚[email protected]&if;EdkifiHwGif aqmif&GufpOfu vdktyfcsuftwdkif; wlnDaomtqifhjzifh yGifhvif;jrifomr_/ wm0ef,l wm0efcHr_rsm;udk vdkufemqGJukdif usifhoHk;yg&ef?
EdkifiH&yfjcm; tpdk;&rsm;/ ukvor*~ESifh tmqD,Htoif;odk@EdkifiH&yfjcm; tpdk;&rsm;/ ukvor*~ESifh tmqD,Htoif;odk@• jrefrmppftpdk;&ESifh aemufxyf oHwrefa&;t&/ pD;yGm;a&;t& csnf;uyfqufqHr_rsm;
rjyKrDwGif vdktyf onfh awmif;qdkr_wpfck taejzifh/ wpfEdkifiHvHk; twdkif;twmjzifh typftcwf&yfpJa&;udk azmfaqmif&ef/ qufvufjzpfyGm;aeonfh jynfwGif;ppf. jy\emudk tajz&SmEdkif&ef wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ppf rSefaom awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_rsm; jyKvkyfyg&ef awmif;qdkyg&ef wdkufwGef; t}uHjyKtyfygonf?
4242
ajrtrsKd;tpm;ajrtrsKd;tpm; yrm% ({u)yrm% ({u) xdcdkufepfemonfh xdcdkufepfemonfh rdompkrdompk odrf;ydkufolodrf;ydkufol ta=umif;jycsufta=umif;jycsuf
Awmif,mrsm; 20 wtmif;rdom;pk 12 pk cr& (144)
ppfpcef;ESifh ppfwyfydkif +cHpdkufysKd;a&;
vufzuf/ pyg;cif; ESifh awmif,mrsm;/ opfawmrsm;
>72 wtmif;/ ucsif/ &Srf; rdom;pk 30 pk
at;&Sm;a0g ukr`%DESifh cr& (144)
qnf (1) rS (2) odkh qufoG,fa&; vrf;opfazmuf&ef
vufzufcif; ESifh awmif,m >33 wtmif;rdom;pk
10 pk
at;&Sm;a0g ukr`%DESifh [Gmeif; (Huaneng)
qnfwnfaqmuf a&;vkyfom;rsm; tdrf,m
,majreSifh opfawm {&d,m > 60 wtmif;/ ucsif
rdom;pk 20 pk
at;&Sm;a0g ukr`%DeSifh [Gmeif; (Huaneng)
qnfwnfaqmuf &ef
&yf&Gmydkif opfawm <60
wtmif;/ ucsif/ &Srf; rdom;pk 25 pk
w&kwfukr`%DESifh cr& (144)
prf;oyfwGif; wl;&ef
pkpkaygif;pkpkaygif; 265 {u265 {u
a&v$rf;cH&rnfhajrtrsKd;tpm; a&v$rf;cH&rnfhajrtrsKd;tpm; yrm% ({u)yrm% ({u) xdckdufepfem&onfhxdckdufepfem&onfhrdom;pkrsm;rdom;pkrsm; &Gm&Gm
pyg;pkdufajr/ [if;oD;[if;&GufOusmOfrsm;? vufzufjcHrsm;
100 {u 30 wtmif; rdom;pkrsm; oGefykwf&Gm
pyg;pkdufajr/ [if;oD;[if;&GufO,smOfrsm;? vufzufjcHrsm;
150 {u 42 wtmif;/ &Srf;ESihfucsifrdom;pkrsm; jyifvkH&Gm
pyg;pkdufajr/ [if;oD;[if;&GufO,smOfrsm;? vufzufjcHrsm;
80 {u 35 wtmif;ESihf&Srf;rdom;pkrsm; apmvSH&Gm
pyg;pkdufajr/ [if;oD;[if;&GufO,smOfrsm;? vufzufjcHrsm;
70 {u 19 wtmif; rdom;pkrsm; atmufum;&Gm
a&$vDjrpfay:wGif qnf (2) wnfaqmuf&ef ,ae@umvtxd odrf;ydkufcH&aom ajr,mrsm;
aemufqufwGJrsm;aemufqufwGJrsm;
a&$vDumwmtrSwf (2) a&v$rf;rdk;rla=umifhqdk;usdK;oufa&mufrnfha'orsm;
4343
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atmufajcrSwfpkrsm;? atmufajcrSwfpkrsm;? 1 a&$vD trSwf (1) a&tm;v#yfppfpDrHudef;ESifh ywfoufI tao;pdwf avhvmcsufrsm;udk 2007
ckESpf/ wtmif; ausmif;om;vli,frsm; tzGJ@rS xkwfa0onfh ppfzdeyfatmufwGif (Under the Boot) trnf&Sd tpD&ifcHpmwGif zwf&_edkifygonf? http://burmariversnetwork.org/images/stories/publications/english/underthebootenglishwithcover.pdf
2 http://moep1.wordpress.com/3 wtmif;a'owGif bdef;pdkufysKd;aejcif;ESifh rl;,pfaq;pGJjcif;. }uD;av;aom aemufqufwGJjy\
emudk ydkrdkod&Sd vdkygu yavmiftrsKd;orD;tpnf;t¶kH;rS xkwfa0jzef@csdonfh tqdyfoifhyef;rsm; (Poisoned Flowers) (2006)˜ tqdyfoifhawmifukef;rsm; (Poisoned Hills) (2010) ESifh tqdyfoifhaeqJ (Still Poisoned) (2011) Palaung udk =unfhyg? www.palaungwomen.com wGif &,ledkifygonf?
4 yef;aq;ausmfjrifh (ac:) OD;0if;armifonf jynfol@ppf vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@acgif;aqmif wpfOD; jzpfjyD;/ 2010 a&G;aumufyGJwGif v$wfawmftrwfwpfOD;tjzpf a&G;cs,fcH&olvnf; jzpfonf? ‚u erfhcrf;+rdK@e,f/ yef;aq; a'ow0dkufwGif bdef;pdkufysKd;r_ESifh rl;,pfaq; a&mif;0,fr_udk csKyfudkifxm;onf?
5 &Srf;jynfe,ftwGif;rS a&tm;v#yfppf tvGJtacsmfrsm; The Irrawaddy, July 22, 2010.6 http://www.palaungwomen.com/index.php?option=com_content&
view=article&id=230:2011-07-29-09-19-23&catid=3:latest-news&Itemid=18
rSwfcsuf? ?w&kwfedkifiHtwGif;&Sd a&$vDjrpfay:rS qnfrsm;ta=umif; owif;tcsuf tvufrsm;ESifh ywfoufI ydkrdkod&Sdvdkygu High and Dry: The trans-boundary impacts of China’s Longjiang Dams tpD&ifcHpmudk =unfhyg? tifwmeufpmrsufESm http://burmariversnetwork.org/resources/publications.html wGif &,ledkifonf?
wtmif;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tpnf;t&kH;ta=umif;wtmif;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tpnf;t&kH;ta=umif;wtmif;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tpnf;t&kH; (TSYO)onf tusKd;tjrwfr,lonfh tzGJ@tpnf;wpfck jzpf+yD;/ wtmif;jynfolrsm;/ txl;ojzifh vli,frsm;. vlaer_b0 wdk;wufvmap&ef/ +idrf;csrf;a&;/ w&m;r#wa&;/ wef;wlnDr#r_ ay:xGef;vmap&ef &nfoefI aqmif&Gufaeygonf? wtmif;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tpnf;t&kH; (TSYO)onf vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufcHae&onfh/ obm0ywf0ef;usif zsufqD;cHae&onfh/ obm0o,HZmw&if;jrpfrsm;udk a&&SnfwnfwHhr_ r&SdEdkifavmufatmif zsufqD;cHae&onfh wtmif;a'orS &yf&Gmvlr_todkuft0ef;rsm;udk umuG,fay;Edkif&ef &nf&G,f qmif&Guf aeygonf? Todk@aqmif&GufEdkif&ef wtmif; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;. t&nftaoG;udk jrS‡ifhwifay;aeygonf? wtmif;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tpnf;t&kH;(TSYO). &nfrSef;csuf rsm;rSm -• wtmif;a'owGif jidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh zGH@+zdK;r_twGuf &nfoefvkyfaqmif&ef?• wtmif;vli,frsm;t=um; acgif;aqmifrsm; xGufay:vmap&ef?• usm;-r vdifwef;wla&; &&Sdap&ef?• jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ppftm%m&Sifpepf ed*Hk;csKyf tqHk;owfap&ef?• wef;wlr_ESifh udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh&Sdonfh ppfrSefaom zuf'&,f/ 'Drdkua&pDedkifiH
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wtmif;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tpnf;t&kH; (TSYO) onf usef;rma&;/ ynma&;/ &yf&Gm vlr_tzGJ@tpnf;zGH@+zdK;a&;/ vl@ tcGifhta&;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usifa&;&m udPrsm;wGif v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufaeygonf? wtmif;obm0ywf0ef;usifv_yf&Sm;r_tzGJ@ (Ta’ang and Environmental Action) onf wwtmif;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tpnf;t&kH; (TSYO). XmecGJwpfckjzpf+yD;/ wtmif;a'owGif obm0&if;jrpfrsm;ESifh ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;twGuf aqmif&Gufv_yf&Sm;vsuf &Sdygonf?
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owif;tcsuftvufrsm; ydkrdkod&Sdvdkyguowif;tcsuftvufrsm; ydkrdkod&Sdvdkygu www.palaungland.org
www.burmariversnetwork.org odk@ =unfh&SL@edkifygonf?odk@ =unfh&SL@edkifygonf?
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