sherk_chronology governors galatia

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A Chronology of the Governors of Galatia: A.D. 112-285

Author(s): Robert K. SherkSource: The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 100, No. 1, Tekmhpion. A Special Issue inHonor of James Henry Oliver (Spring, 1979), pp. 166-175Published by: The Johns Hopkins University PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/294236 .

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A CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOVERNORS OF GALATIA:A.D. 112-285*New evidence and fresh research have refined our knowl-edge of the governors of Roman Galatia. For the period 25B.C. to A.D. 114 the present writer has already tried to bringthe information up to date in a forthcoming volume of theAufstieg und Niedergang der Romischen Welt. Here, for theperiod after A.D. 114, restrictions on space prevent full discus-sion and detailed argumentation, but it is hoped that the follow-

ing list will at least form the basis for further work.After the great consular complex of Galatia-Cappadociawas broken down into two separate provinces about A.D. 112,Caesennius Sospes was installed as the first praetorian gover-nor of a reduced Galatia. A geographical redistribution hadaccompanied this change, all of it a prelude to the final solutionof the Parthian problem. Quadratus Bassus, last consular gov-ernor of the complex, returned to Rome in 112 or early 113 andreported to Trajan. Sospes remained in Galatia, and M. Iunius

* In addition to the standard abbreviations the following have been usedhere:Alfoldy, Legionslegaten: G. Alfoldy, Die Legionslegaten der romischenRheinarmeen, Epigraphische Studien 3 (Koin 1967).Alfoldy, Fasti: G. Alfoldy, Fasti Hispanienses (Wiesbaden 1969).Babelon, Coll. Wadd.: E. Babelon, Inventaire sommaire de la Collec-

tion Waddington (Paris 1898).Barbieri, Albo: G. Barbieri, L'Albo senatorio da Settimio Severo a Carino193-285 (Rome 1952).Birley, Septimius Severus: A. R. Birley, Septimius Severus The AfricanEmperor (Oxford 1971).Bosch: E. Bosch, Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Ankara im Altertum(Ankara 1967).Corbier, Aerarium Saturni: M. Corbier, L'Aerarium Saturni et L'Aera-rium militare, Administration et Prosopographie Senatoriale (Rome1974).Corolla Swoboda: Corolla Memoriae Erich Swoboda Dedicata (Graz 1966).Eck, Senatoren: W. Eck, Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian, Vestigia13 (Munchen 1970).Legates of Galatia. R. K. Sherk, The Legates of Galatia From Augustusto Diocletian (Baltimore 1951).

AJP 100 (1979) 166-1750002-9475/79/1001-0166 $01.00 ? 1979 by The Johns Hopkins University Press

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THE GOVERNORS OF GALATIA 167Homullus arrived as the new consular governor of an expandedCappadocia.'1. CAESENNIUS SOSPES. Ca. A.D. 112-113. Cos. suff.114. CIL III, 6818 (Pisidian Antioch, ILS 1017). Legates ofGalatia, 87-89; H.-G. Pflaum, Historia 2 (1953/4) 431ff.; idem,Bonner Historia-Augusta-Colloquium 1968-1969, AntiquitasIV, 7, (Bonn 1970) 183-86; B. Levick, Roman Colonies inSouthern Asia Minor (Oxford 1967) 229-30; Eck, Senatoren,10ff. For the diploma (unpublished), mentioning Sospes' con-

MacPherson, Roman Roads: I. W. MacPherson, 'Roman Roads and Mile-stones of Galatia,' Anatolian Studies 4 (1954) 111ff.Magie, RRAM: D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor, Vols. 1-2 (Princeton1950).Pflaum, Carrieres: H.-G. Pflaum, Les Carrieres Procuratoriennes Equestressous le Haut-Empire Romain, Voils. 1-4 (Paris 1960-61).Ramsay, Social Basis: Sir William M. Ramsay, The Social Basis of RomanPower in Asia Minor (Aberdeen 1941).Saxer, Vexillationes: R. Saxer, Untersuchungen zu den Vexillationen desromischen Kaiserheeres von Augustus bis Diokletian, EpigraphischeStudien 1 (Koln 1967).Stein, Moesien: A Stein, Die Legaten von Moesien, (Dissertationes Pannon-icae I, 11, Budapest 1940).Stein, Prafekten: A Stein, Die Prafekten von Agypten in der romischenKaiserzeit (Bern 1950).Studies, Eastern Roman Provinces: Studies in the History and Art of theEastern Provinces of the Roman Empire, edited by W. M. Ramsay(London 1906).Wroth: W. Wroth, Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Galatia, Cappadocia,and Syria (London 1899).

N.B. An asterisk (*) has been used to indicate new governors not foundin the present writer's Legates of Galatia. Most of them have come to lightin the intervening years.1 All these matters have been discussed in detail by the present writer inthe forthcoming volume of A.N.R.W. and need not be repeated here. Re-cently, Sir Ronald Syme in a stimulating paper, 'The Enigmatic Sospes,'in JRS 67 (1977) 38-49, has argued that the Galatian governorship of Sospesshould be put immediately after the death in office of Antistius Rusticus,i.e. ca. A.D. 94. He explains the absence of 'Cappadocia' in the cursus byassuming a temporary split of Galatia-Cappadocia at that time, which thepresent writer cannot accept. He also believes the expeditio Suebica et Sar-matica of Sospes was the one under Domitian in A.D. 92, which is certainlycorrect. But the present writer believes that 'Cappadocia' was omitted be-cause, when the inscription had been engraved (ca. 113), Cappadocia hadjust been permanently separated from Galatia. Thus, Sospes proceeded direct-



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168 ROBERT K. SHERKsulship: R. Syme, Hermes 85 (1957) 493, n. 2, and Historia 18(1969) 361, n. 58. Full discussion of date and career by presentwriter in A.N.R.W. See now R. Syme inJRS 67 (1977) 38-49.2. UNKNOWN. A.D. 116-117. CIL III, 6819 (Pisidian Anti-och, ILS 1039).Legates of Galatia, 63; H.-G. Pflaum, Historia2 (1954) 434ff.; G. Alfoldy, Legionslegaten, 25-26; Eck,Senatoren, 178.3. [L. COSSO]NIUS L.f. STEL. GALLUS VECILIUSCRISPINUS MANSUANIUS MARCELLINUS NUMISIUSSABINUS. A.D. 117-119. Cos. 119. CIL III, 6813 (PisidianAntioch, ILS 1038); W. M. Ramsay, JRS 14 (1924) 194 (AE1926, 81) and Social Basis, no. 143 (Iconium). Legates ofGalatia 63-64; H.-G. Pflaum, Historia 2 (1954) 434-35, and His-toria 4 (1955) 120; R. Syme, Historia 14 (1965) 345-46, andHistoria 18 (1969) 359; Eck, Senatoren, 184ff., and ZPE 8(1971) 89.4. A. LARCIUS MACEDO. A.D. 119- 122. Cos. suff. a. inc.Milestones: 1. Pilgrims' Road (Nicomedia-luliopolis-Ancyra-Pamassus): CIL III, 14184,47 ((akalkoy, Bosch, no. 126);CILIII, 14184,61 (Emir Yaman, Bosch, no. 123); MacPherson,Roman Roads, no. 3 (Macun Koyu) and no. 6 (Koseli). 2.Ancyra-Tavium: MacPherson, Roman Roads, nos. 10-11(Hasanoglan), no. 12 (Tavium), nos. 14-16 (Asi Yozgat, mod-em Elmadag). 3. Ancyra-Pontus: AE 1946, 178 (Kalabag,Bosch, no. 118); CIL III, 310 (Kalecik, Bosch, no. 121); CILIII, 13645(Ravli, Bosch, no. 122, MacPherson, Roman Roads,no. 17); idem, no. 18 (Balikhisar); Chr. Habicht, ZPE 8 (1971)96 (Akkuzulu), with corrections by S. Mitchell, ZPE 10 (1973)73-74; CIL III, 14184, 58. 4. Ancyra-Germa-Dorylaeum: CILIII, 14184, 59 (Alaca Atli, Bosch, no. 124); CIL III, 14184, 60(Balkuyumcu, Bosch, no. 125). Two other milestones cannotbe fixed on a particular route with certainty (AE 1937, 91 fromCankiri kapi, Bosch, no. 119, and CIL III, 313, Bosch, no.120).Legates of Galatia, 65-66; Eck, Senatoren, 188ff.; Groag,RE XII, 1 (1925) 802-3; PIR2 L, 98.ly fromhis Galatiangovernorshipo the consulship n A.D. 114.In any case,the lapse of more than twenty years-or just twenty years accordingtoSyme's timetable-in the careerof Sospes eludes precise explanation.



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THE GOVERNORS OF GALATIA 1695. C. TREBIUS SERGIANUS. A.D. 128. Cos. ord. 132.JRS16 (1926) 245-46 (Ancyra, AE 1926, 73), corrected text in SEGVI, 59 (Bosch, no. 128). Legates of Galatia, 68-69; Groag, REVI A, 2 (1937) 2272-73; L. Robert, Etudes epigraphiques etphilologiques (Paris 1938) 262, n. 1; idem, Hellenica XI-XII(1960) 367-68; Eck, Senatoren, 201ff.6. IULIUS SATURNINUS.2 Ca. A.D. 130-136. IGRR III,171 (Ancyra, Bosch, no. 132); Blum, Journal internationald'archeologie numismatique 16 (1914) 51 (coin from Ancyra,Bosch, no. 131). Legates of Galatia, 74; Riba, RE X, 1 (1919)798-99; PIR2 I, 547; Alfoldy, Fasti, 100-101; Eck, Senatoren,224; idem, ZPE 8 (1971) 78.7. C. IULIUS SCAPULA. A.D. 136-138. Cos. design. 138.IGRR III, 176 (Ancyra, Bosch, no. 135); IGRR III, 178 (An-cyra, Bosch, no. 137). Legates of Galatia, 69; Riba, RE X, 1(1919) 799-800; H.-G. Pflaum, Corolla Swoboda, 186; PIR2 I,553; Eck, Senatoren, 215ff.8. UNKNOWN. Under Antoninus Pius? IGRR III, 316 (Apol-lonia, OGIS 535). Legates of Galatia, 67-68; Alfoldy,Legionslegaten, 36.9. L. FULVIUS RUSTICUS AEMILIANUS. Under An-toninus Pius. Cos. suff. a. inc. IGRR III, 186 (Ancyra, Bosch,

2 Despite all attempts to equate the senator of IGRR III, 171 with otherofficials of similar name, it appears that the evidence of the coin publishedby Blum is conclusive. Our lulius Saturninus must be separated from theothers of later date. On one side of the coin is a portrait of a youth with thelegend ee6; 'AvrTvoo;, while the other side is inscribed with the name ofthe governor. Since this Antinoos sacrificed his life for the good fortune ofHadrian in A.D. 130 and had been made a god by that emperor, the coin musthave been minted in 130or not too long afterward. The story is in Dio, 69.11.2.Our lulius Saturninus may have been the father or even the grandfather ofthe lulius Saturninus who had been governor of Syria in 185-86 (IGRR III,1119, 1230and 1277). L. Petersen in PIR2 I, 547, believes the two are identical,even suggesting that the cursus of the unknown governor of Galatia mentionedin CIL III, 254 is that of the same man. But three in one will not do. Threeseparate men are involved. Cf. Eck, Senatoren, 224, and in ZPE 8 (1971)78. The difficulty is compounded by an inscription from Xanthus (IGRR III,= TAM II, 277) which mentions a governor (of Lycia-Pamphylia) called C.lulius Saturninus. In PIR2 I, 547, he too is identified with the governor ofGalatia and the governor of Syria.



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170 ROBERT K. SHERKno. 159). Legates of Galatia, 71-72; Groag, RE VII, 1 (1910)279, no. 106; PIR2 F, 557.10. P. IUVENTIUS CELSUS. A.D. 161-163. Cos. ord. 164.Coins from Pessinus: Wroth, 20, no. 13; Babelon, Coll. Wadd.,nos. 6660 and 6668. Legates of Galatia, 72; Groag, RE X, 2(1919) 1364-65, no. 14;PIR2 I, 881.11. L. FUFIDIUS POLLIO. Ca. A.D. 163-165. Cos. ord.166. CIL III, 6759 (Ancyra, Bosch, no. 173; ILS 1914).Legatesof Galatia, 72-73; Magie, 1597; PIR2 F, 505; Groag, RE VII, 1(1912) 202-203, no. 13.12. UNKNOWN.3 Ca. A.D. 165-169. CIL III, 254 (Ancyra,Bosch, no. 169). Legates of Galatia, 93; PIR2 I, 547; Eck,Senatoren, 224, n. 471a; idem, ZPE 8 (1971) 78; H.-G. Pflaum,Corolla Swoboda, 192; R. Syme, Historia 18 (1969) 366; idem,JRS 48 (1958) 4, n. 35; Alfoldy, Fasti, 100-101, n. 146.13.* L. SAEVINIUS L. f. QUIR. PROCULUS.4 Ca. A.D.174-176 (?). Cos. a. inc. I. W. Macpherson, New Evidence forthe Study of the Historical Geography of Galatia (Diss. Cam-bridge 1958) 167ff., no. 216; idem, Anatolian Studies 22 (1972)220-22, no. 4 (Ancyra, Bosch, no. 197;AE 1969/70, 601). Eck,ZPE 8 (1971) 71-79; idem, RE Suppl. XIV (1974) 591.14. T. LICINIUS MUCIANUS. A.D. 176-177. Cos. 178 orlater. Miltner, Jahreshefte 30 (1937), Beiblatt, 31-32 (Ancyra,

3This unknown senator had been proconsul of Pontus-Bithynia prior toA.D. 165-when that province was governed by the first of a series ofimperial legates-and had then held the two praetorian posts of praefectusfrumenti dandi and legatus legionis before going to Galatia. In Galatia heserved under joint emperors, who would have been Marcus Aurelius andLucius Verus.I It is noteworthy that Saevinius Proculus was one of senators in this agewho held two or more praetorian governorships before proceeding to theconsulship. Galatia figures very often in such cases. See the careers of P.Plotius Romanus, L. lulius Apronius Maenius Pius Salamallianus, Q. AradiusRufinus Optatus Aelianus, and M. Domitius Valerianus. See, on this point,Alfoldy, Fasti, 98-101, whose statistics point to the end of the second andthe beginning of the third century for such careers. Not all such governors,of course, need have reached the consulship.



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THE GOVERNORS OF GALA TIA 171Bosch, no. 184); SEG VI, 14 (Ancyra, Bosch, no. 185). Le-gates of Galatia, 74-75; W. M. Ramsay, JHS 53 (1933) 314ff.;PIR2 L, 217; J. and L. Robert,BullEp inREG 65 (1952) 177-78,no. 156 (cf. AE 1953, 211); G. E. Bean and T. B. Mitford,Journeys in Rough Cilicia 1964-1968, Denkschrift Akad.Wien CII, (Wien 1970) no. 19, 38ff. (AE 1972, 626); Eck, RESuppl. XIV (1974) 233.15. L. FABIUS M.f. GAL. CILO SEPTIMINUS CATINIUSACILIANUS LEPIDUS FULCINIANUS. Ca. A.D.191-192. Cos. suff. 193 and cos. ord. 204. CIL VI, 1408(Rome, ILS 1141) and 1409 (Rome, ILS 1142). Legates ofGalatia, 77-79; PIR2 F, 27; Groag, RE VI, 2 (1909) 1763-1768;Stein, Moesien, 51ff.; Birley, Septimius Severus, 342 and pas-sim; G. Alfoldy, 'Septimius Severus und der Senat,' BonnerJahrbiicher 168 (1968) 141ff.; H.-G. Pflaum, 'La valeur de l'in-formation historique de la vita Commodi a la lumi&redes per-sonnages nommement cites par le Biographe,' BonnerHistoria-Augusta-Colloquium 1970 Antiquitas IV 10, (Bonn1972) 233-35; Saxer, Vexillationes, 44-46, nos. 77-79; Barbieri,Albo, no. 213; Corbier, Aerarium Saturni, 410-20.16. VALERIANUS [ANTO?]NINUS. A.D. 197-198. CILIII, 243 (Ancyra, Bosch, no. 214). Legates of Galatia, 79; Bar-bieri, Albo, no. 505; H.-G. Pflaum, Historia 4 (1955) 121.17. L. PETRONIUS VERUS.5 A.D. 198. Cos. designatus.CIL III, 252 (= 6754, Ancyra, Bosch, no. 218); CIL III,14184,34 (below village of Inje Su, six miles NW of Vezir-Kupru); CIL III, 14184,41 (on the road from Tavium toAmasea, no. 5 from Tavium). Legates of Galatia, 79-80; Bar-bieri, Albo, no. 408.

5 Petronius Verus died in Galatia before he could begin his tenure of theconsulship, and in the temporary vacancy it would have been necessary fora high ranking Roman official on the scene to assume his duties as a deputyuntil a new imperial legate could be assigned. This deputy just might havebeen the procurator C. lulius Senecio who is known to have served in Galatiaabout this time: CIL III, 251 (ILS 1373, Bosch, no. 64) and AE 1930, 144(also AE 1931, 128, Bosch, no. 65). See Legates of Galatia, 101-102; PIR2I, 564. lulius Senecio is specifically mentioned as serving in Galatia as vicepraesidis. There is no hard evidence, however, linking him with PetroniusVerus.



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172 ROBERT K. SHERK18. C. ATTICIUS NORBANUS (?) STRABO. A.D. 198.Studies, Eastern Roman Provinces, 172, no. 56 (Kutudelik-Hani in Lycaonia, AE 1906, 21); ibid., 173, no. 58 (Zivarik, onthe Ancyra-Iconium road, apparently, AE 1907, 58); B. Pace,Annuario della R. Scuola archeologica di Atene III(1916- 1920) 51, no. 39 (Gen9ali on the road Apameia to Anti-och, in Pisidia, AE 1922, 5), but re-copied by M. H. Ballance in1956, who shows that line 6 should read trib. pot. VI, imp. XI,cos. [II], Anatolian Studies 8 (1958) 232, n. 16. Legates ofGalatia, 80; PIR2 A, 1331; Barbieri, Albo, no. 63; Magie,RRAM, 677.19.* P. CAECILIUS URBICUS AEMILIANUS. A.D. 208.Cos. designatus. Unpublished milestone from road outsideAncyra: S. Mitchell, The History and Archaeology of Galatia(Diss., unpublished, Oxford 1974) 633, no. 88.20. [D. CAELIUS CALVINUS BALBINUS ?] Governorshipdoubtful. Legates of Galatia, 81; K. Dietz, Chiron 6 (1976)412.21. L. EGNATIUS VICTOR LOLLIANUS. A.D. 218. Cos.a. inc. CIL III, 6058 = 6900 (Ancyra, ILS 467, Bosch, no. 273).Legates of Galatia, 81-82; PIR2 E, 36; Barbieri, Albo, no.1023; Groag, RE V, 2 (1905) 2001-2003; H.-G. Pflaum, Historia4 (1955) 121; idem, Le marbre de Thorignv (Paris 1948) 66.22. P. PLOTIUS ROMANUS. Ca. A.D. 218-221. Cos. a. inc.CIL VI, 322 (Rome, ILS 1135); Swoboda-Keil-Knoll-Brun,Denkmaler aus Lykaonien, Pamphylien, und Isaurien (Prag-Leipzig-Wien 1935) 25, no. 38 (Vasada, AE 1937, 251). Legatesof Galatia, 75-76; Barbieri, Albo, no. 2077; H.-G. Pflaum, His-toria 4 (1955) 121; Alfoldy, Fasti, 98-103; Corbier, Aerarium,316-19.23. L. IULIUS APRONIUS MAENIUS PIUS SALAMAL-LIANUS. Ca. A.D. 222-224. Cos. a. inc. CIL VIII, 18270(Lambaesis, ILS 1196);CIL III, 14184,27 (Vezir Kupru in Pon-tus); CIL III, 14184,30 (ibidem). Legates of Galatia, 82-83;PIR2 I, 161; Groag, WienerStudien 25 (1903) 322-24; E. Birley,JRS 40 (1950) 63-64.



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THE GOVERNORS OF GALATIA 17324.* Q. ARADIUS RUFINUS OPTATUS AELIANUS. Ca.A.D. 224. Cos. a. inc. AE 1971, 490 (Bulla Regia in Africa).Eck, RE Suppl. XIV (1974) 54; B. Remy, Historia 25 (1976)458-77; A. Birley, Epigraphische Studien 4 (1967) 83; Corbier,Aerarium, 319-24.25. Q. SERVAEUS FUSCUS CORNELIANUS. Ca. A.D.229-230. CIL VIII, 22721 (Gigthis, ILS 8978, ILTun 33); J.Kolendo, Archeologia 19 (1968) 117-44(Novae, AE 1972, 526).Legates of Galatia 84-85; H.-G. Pflaum, Historia 4 (1955) 122;Barbieri,Albo, no. 2102 and p. 548; Eck,RE Suppl. XIV (1974)663-64.26.* M. DOMITIUS VALERIANUS. Ca. A.D. 230-232.Cos. suff. 238 or 239. E. Gabba, Athenaeum N.S. 34 (1956)273-83 (Prusias ad Hypium, AE 1957, 44, SEG XIV, 772 = SEGXX, 28 [most complete text]). Alfoldy, Fasti, 99-100; Eck, RESuppl. XIV (1974) 114; J. and L. Robert, Bull Ep in REG 76(1963) 178, no. 263; L. Tugrul, Annual of the ArchaeologicalMuseum of Istanbul 10 (1961) 48 and 126 (photo, fig. 13);PIR2D, 168; Barbieri, Albo, no. 1019.27. AURELIUS BASILEUS. Reign of Severus Alexander.CIL III, 14184, 42 (on the road from Tavium to Amasea). Le-gates of Galatia, 83-84; PIR2 A, 1465-1467; H.-G. Pflaum, His-toria 4 (1955) 121; idem, Carrieres, 849-51, no. 327 a-b; Stein,Prafekten, 138.28. M. IUNIUS VALERIUS NEPOTIANUS. A.D. 250. CILIII, 14184, 25 (Havsa in Phazimonitis). Legates of Galatia, 86;Magie, RRAM, 1461, n. 24; PIR2 I, 844.29.* MINICIUS FLORENTINUS. Second half of third cen-tury? CIG III, 4050 (Ancyra, Bosch, no. 291).30.* UNKNOWN. Third quarter of third century? CIG III,4053 (Ancyra, SEG VI, 65, Bosch, no. 290).31.* UNKNOWN. Ca. A.D. 212-260. S. Mitchell in Anato-lian Studies 27 (1977) p. 71, no. 5.



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174 ROBERT K. SHERKAPPENDIX A

Governors of very uncertain date1. M. VALERIUS ITALUS. CILIII, 253 (Ancyra, Bosch, no.364). Legates of Galatia, 92.2. UNKNOWN.6 IGRR III, 189 (Ancyra, Bosch, no. 97).Second century? Legates of Galatia, 92.3. AELIUS PO[------]US ANCH[ARENUS]. CIL III, 13639(Iconium). Legates of Galatia, 92-93. On his name: L. Robert,Hellenica XIII (Paris 1965) 25.4. P. POMPONIUS SECUNDIANUS. After Hadrian. IGRRIII, 184 (Ancyra, Bosch, no. 138). Legates of Galatia, 70;H.-G. Pflaum, Syria 34 (1957) 140.

APPENDIX B

Dubious or Rejected Governors1. CASTELIUS? Dubious. Date? R. A. Lipsius, Acta Apos-tolorum Apocrypha I (Leipzig 1891) 245. Legates of Galatia,73-74.2. C. NOVIUS PRISCUS? Dubious. Cos. suff. A.D. 152. CILIII, 6814 and 6816 (Pisidian Antioch, ILS 8976 and 8976a).Legates of Galatia, 70-71; Eck, Senatoren, 17-18, n. 84;

6 In IGRR III, 189 a cornicularius on the staff of the governor of Galatiahonors the unknown governor, his patronus. This officer is called LivineiusPomponius and he writes in Greek. He may have received Roman citizenshiphimself while living in the Greek east. The name 'Pomponius' just might pointto T. Pomponius Bassus, the former governor of Galatia in A.D. 95-100,whose name could have been adopted by new cives receiving the franchiseunder that governor in Galatia. That might provide a terminus post quem forLivineius, but it is at best only an assumption.



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THE GOVERNORS OF GALATIA 175Devreker, Latomus 26 (1967) 717-22 (on the family); Barbieri,Albo, no. 805 and p. 494.3. P. P[---]ELLUS VIBIANUS. Reject. CIL III, 308 (AlvanTschelibi in Pontus Galaticus). Legates of Galatia, 85; H.-G.Pflaum, Le Marbre de Thorigny (Paris 1948) 66-68; idem, His-toria 4 (1955) 122.4.* UNKNOWN. Dubious. CIL XIV, 2503 (Grottaferrata onthe via Latina). H.-G. Pflaum, Etudes dedie'es a' la meimoiredeHiram Peri (Jerusalem 1963) 264-269 (cf. AE 1965, 350); Bar-bieri, Albo, no. 2134. It is most difficult to accept Pflaum'srestoration.7

ROBERT K. SHERKSTATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK

BUFFALO, N.Y.

7He expands the G or C of [leg. Aug. p]r. pr. prov. G[----] to G[alatiae?].

sherk_chronology governors galatia

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