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Belgian Building Research Institutehttp://www.bbri.be SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. Parmentier B. M. Vanneste Mollaert M. BBRI FRPRCS-9 Sydney, July 2009

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Page 1: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute– http://www.bbri.be

SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK

PART 1: CONCEPT

Cauberg N. Parmentier B. M. Vanneste Mollaert M.

BBRI

FRPRCS-9 Sydney, July 2009

Page 2: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

BBRI

Construction sector

Introduction: Partnership

Textile industry

Architecture

•Non-profit, private research institute• Statutory members, + 70.000 Belgian contractors• Collective research, Development & Innovation• Information transfer

• Non-profit, private research institute• Members: 900 textile producers, 100 associated members• Collective research, Development & Innovation• Information Transfer

• 9000 students, 2500 staff members, 8 faculties• ARCH: Department of Architectural engineering• 25 members, head prof. Mollaert, focussing on:

- Renovation and re-use- Lightweight structures -> Tensile surface structures- 4D Design

Page 3: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Introduction

Introduction:Concept

Doubly curved shell elements

1. Flexible formwork

2. Flexible reinforcement

Design, the Nomad Concept

Page 4: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009Introduction

Introduction:Concept

Modern, organic architecture creates the need for new formwork techniques

Shaping and modeling

Materials

ExperimentsConclusions, further work

Introduction

Design central station, Stuttgart

Page 5: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009Introduction

Introduction:Concept

Fabric formwork allows for a great shape flexibility

Shaping and modeling

Materials

ExperimentsConclusions, further work

Introduction

Page 6: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009Introduction

Introduction:ConceptShaping and modeling

Materials

ExperimentsConclusions, further work

Introduction

Thin shell elements, based on shotcrete

Page 7: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009Introduction

Introduction:ConceptShaping and modeling

Materials

ExperimentsConclusions, further work

Introduction

Experiments and case study

Page 8: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009Introduction

Introduction:ConceptShaping and modeling

Materials

ExperimentsConclusions, further work

Introduction

On site, permanent formwork, ... : new possibilities for architectural concrete

Page 9: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

• Shape flexibility: Creative or organic shapes, intelligentdesign structural members• Surface quality of the concrete• Transport• But: More complex!

Introduction

Ghent Music Centre – Toyo Ito with prof. Andrea Branzi

Concrete, poured in a formwork ≈ fluid

Introduction:Why fabric formwork?

Page 10: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

• Mark West: Beams, panels, columns, ...

• Pedreschi, Pronk, Schmitz, ...

Introduction

Introduction:Reference work

Practical Solutions• Slope/dike reinforcement, • Under water concreting,• Foundations, ...

Design and Architecture

Page 11: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Modeling and shaping

Modeling and shaping

• Shaping• Material choice and prestress condition• Loading conditions (concrete)• Calculation of stresses and deformations• Iteration...

Approach similar to « textile architecture »

• Cutting pattern• Confection step• Actual formwork set-up« Prefabricated »

Manufacturing

Page 12: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Materials

Materials

• PP, PE and PVC• Tensile strength: 40-150 kN/m• Young modulus: 0.1 – 1 GPa

-> deformations• Stiffness: 100 – 600 kN/m• Coated and non-coated

-> demoulding, impermeability• Texture

-> surface aspect• Assembly: stitching, welding, ...

Page 13: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments:Case studiesColumns, shells, wall panels, ...

Experiments

Columns with specific heads (axial symmetry, square, ...)combined with slab formwork

Page 14: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments:Case studiesColumns, shells, wall panels, ...

Experiments

• Arch and column combined• Specific shape adapted for fabric formwork

« PARKgarage » idea of Pronk (TU/e)

Page 15: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments:Case studiesColumns, shells, wall panels, ...

Experiments

Mould for precast element

Brodzki

Page 16: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments:Case study - Doubly curved shell

Experiments

• Complex geometry fortraditional formwork• Textile choice, confection• Prestress ± 2 kN/m• Sprayed concrete• Small deformations < 2 mm• Reinforcement:important issue

Design The Nomad Concept

Page 17: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments

Design The Nomad Concept

Experiments:Case study - Doubly curved shell

• Complex geometry fortraditional formwork• Textile choice, confection• Prestress ± 2 kN/m• Sprayed concrete• Small deformations < 2 mm• Reinforcement:important issue

Page 18: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments

Design The Nomad Concept

Experiments:Case study - Doubly curved shell

• Complex geometry fortraditional formwork• Textile choice, confection• Prestress ± 2 kN/m• Sprayed concrete• Small deformations < 2 mm• Reinforcement:important issue

Page 19: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments

Design The Nomad Concept

Experiments:Case study - Doubly curved shell

• Complex geometry fortraditional formwork• Textile choice, confection• Prestress ± 2 kN/m• Sprayed concrete• Small deformations < 2 mm• Reinforcement:important issue

Page 20: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments

Displacement

Force/pretension

Experiments:Case study - Doubly curved shell

Page 21: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments

Design The Nomad Concept

Experiments:Case study - Doubly curved shell

• Complex geometry fortraditional formwork• Textile choice, confection• Prestress ± 2 kN/m• Sprayed concrete• Small deformations < 2 mm• Reinforcement:important issue

Page 22: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments

Design The Nomad Concept

Experiments:Case study - Doubly curved shell

• Complex geometry fortraditional formwork• Textile choice, confection• Prestress ± 2 kN/m• Sprayed concrete• Small deformations < 2 mm• Reinforcement:important issue

Page 23: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments

Design The Nomad Concept

Experiments:Case study - Doubly curved shell

• Complex geometry fortraditional formwork• Textile choice, confection• Prestress ± 2 kN/m• Sprayed concrete• Small deformations < 2 mm• Reinforcement:important issue

Page 24: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Experiments

Design The Nomad Concept

Experiments:Case study - Doubly curved shell

• Complex geometry fortraditional formwork• Textile choice, confection• Prestress ± 2 kN/m• Sprayed concrete• Small deformations < 2 mm• Reinforcement:important issue

Page 25: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Conclusions and further work

Conclusions and outlook

• Preliminary study, modeling and manufacturing• Preparation depends on element type• On-site construction or precast production

New possibilities for architectural concrete

Further steps

• Optimize formwork manufacturing• Reinforcement: traditional and polymer reinforcement

-> Part 2: Case study!

New Central Station Stuttgart

Page 26: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute

Introduction Modeling Materials Experiments Conclusions and outlookFRPRCS-9, Sydney, July 2009

Conclusions and further work

Conclusions and outlook

Further steps and research

• Shell element for permanent formwork (type « wide slab »)

• Integration of steel reinforcement

• Integration of polymer fiber reinforcement

• Use of fabric formwork as actual reinforcement

Page 27: SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK … 2018-05-08 · SHELL ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE USING FABRIC FORMWORK PART 1: CONCEPT Cauberg N. ... Reference

Belgian Building Research Institute– http://www.bbri.be

Thank you for your attention!

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VUB

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