sharad joshi part 8 (3)

7/26/2019 Sharad Joshi Part 8 (3)

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Report of Rapid Rural Appraisal of Saltproducers in

Nawa Block of Nagaur District

Submitted by

Centre for Community Economics and Development Consultants Society(CECOEDECON)

Plot no: 159-160, Industrial & Institutional Area, Sitapura, Jaipur- 302022,Rajasthan, India

Ph no. 91-141-2771488/2770812/3294834-36


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Fax No.: 91-141-2770330Email: [email protected] / [email protected]

Report of Rapid Rural Appraisal of Salt producers inNawa Block of Nagaur District

Background

As per the worldwide estimates presented by WHO in 2005 withrespect to 126 countries Iodine defciency disorder is a major publichealth problem in India As per !ational "amily Health #ur$ey%!"H#&2' only 50( o) the households in India used ade*uatelyiodised salt& salt with 15 ppm iodine +onsumption o) iodised salt ismuch less pre$alent amon, lower income ,roups %-5('

#alt iodisation in$ol$es mi.in, o) an iodine compound with salt in asimple operation It produces no chemical reactions /hee*uipment re*uired )or salt iodisation is simple and easy to operateand maintain /he addition o) potassium iodate to salt does notimpart any colour taste or odour to the salt ecause o) these

characteristics world o$er about 120 countries pro$ide iodised saltaccess to the population and about 100 countries ha$e le,islationon iodised salt

Overview of Salt Production

Indian salt industry has made tremendous pro,ress sinceindependence today India ran third in the production o) salt ne.tto 3#A and +hina With 20 million tones production in 2005 itcontributes 4( o) world production omestically about 6 milliontones o) salt ,o )or human and animal consumption and about 4million tones used )or $arious industrial applications

One o) the salient )eatures o) the Indian #alt Industry is thee.istence o) a $ery lar,e number o) small salt producers about11 00 out o) total o) about 1- 000 It is needless to say that the
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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success o) #alt Iodisation pro,ramme hin,es on the contribution o) these small salt producers

/he recorded production o) iodised salt durin, 2005 was 7 84

million tones and the domestic supply was 7 67 million tonesAbout 180 000 tonnes was e.ported /he *uality monitorin,reports )rom the production sources and consumin, centersindicate about 0 percent con)ormin, to the statutory standardslaid under 9re$ention o) "ood Adulteration Act /here is a wide$ariation in the iodised salt access across the country the saltproducin, and adjoinin, states ha$e less access while the adjoinin,states ha$e about 40( access

#ome 10 -7 units in India produce salt About hal) a million acreso) land has been allocated )or salt production o) which -00 000acres ha$e been de$eloped /he units ha$e been classifed into)our cate,ories ran,in, )rom more than 100 acres %+ate,ory I' to:unreco,ni;ed units< o) less than 10 acres %+ate,ory I='

Category Description

+ate,ory I > 100 acres

+ate,ory II > 10acres and ? 100 acres

+ate,ory III #ocieties

+ate,ory I= 3nreco,ni;ed ? 10 acres


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Salt production in Rajasthan

/he state o) @ajasthan contributes to as much as 8&10 percent o) the total salt produced in the country and enjoys third positiona)ter ujarat and /amilnadu @ajasthan has no land connected withthe sea or ocean and most o) the salt is produced )rom the subsoiland la e brines #ambhar 9achabadra and idwana are the majorla e sources )or brine 9resently salt is bein, produced in about1 00 salt units out o) which 1500 are small salt manu)acturin,units o) less than 10 acre area @ajasthan with an area o) appro.imately -7-000 s* m with )a$ourable ,eo,raphicalconditions has ,ot a ,ood potential )or the production o) salt #altis mainly produced in and around the places li e 9halodi !awaBuchaman #ujan,arh 9a ran udha idwana 9achbadra etcwhere subsoilCla e brine is a$ailable )or salt production

/he yield o) salt $aries mar edly in these areas as has beendemonstrated in the ,raph below


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"i,ure&1

/hou,h due to its ,eo,raphical position @ajasthan is a suitableplace )or the production o) salt in the country due to the lac o) pro.imity to se most o) the salt is produced )romsubsoilCunder,round brines /he composition and density o) thesubsoilCunder,round brines in @ajasthan is site specifc coupledwith a,e and depth o) the well %brine source' In case o) thesubsoilCunder,round brines the well brine mainly contains sodiumions in the )orm o) their chlorides sulphates carbonates andbicarbonates with calcium ma,nesium lithium boratesphosphates bromides iodides arsenates etc in insi,nifcantamounts

/he )re*uent sand storms occurrin, in the @ajasthan statecontribute to the hi,her insoluble impurities in salt /he saltproduced in @ajasthan is reported to be o) 45&4 ( purity withrespect to !a+l and the presence o) impurities such as sulphateand trace metals alon, with insolubles ma e it unft )or $ariousindustrial applications

Out o) the total salt produced most o) the salt ,oes )or humanconsumption and a small *uantity produced by #ambhar #alts

Dimited ,oes to industries and e$en some salt is bein, e.ported tonei,hbourin, countries li e !epal hutan etc

Production of odised Salt in Rajasthan

/he yield o) salt has declined )rom 2007 to 2005 due to climatic)actors aEectin, the *uality o) subsoil brine Howe$er the e.pectedyield )or 2006 is close to the a$era,e o) 200- and 2007 @ajasthanhas been achie$in, the tar,ets o) production o) salt o$er the years

as demonstrated in the table F ,raph below

!ear Re"ned #nre"ned

$otal

200- 60 1 574 1 604 22007 62 7 542 - 657


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2005 6 6 20 8 88 7

All "gures in %&&& tonnes

"i,ure&2

Salt Production in Nawa

!awa is the oldest and the most important center o) saltproduction in @ajasthan #ambhar Da e is the main source o) saltproduction in !awa #ambhar Da e has an area o) about 1-5 Bm%40 Giles'


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Out o) the total la e area only -0 miles area is used )or #alt9roduction #alt production area o) !AWA is about 180Acre In!awa area salt production was started in =i ram #amwat 608In the be,innin, salt manu)acturin, was done by collection o)

water and its e$aporation Dater on in, o) odhpur introducedthe plot method )or salt production A)ter that ritish emperorshad also )ollowed the same process but they had paid moreattention towards the *uality o) salt In present times 9lotmethod is )ollowed by e$ery salt producer

!awa was the frst place where salt production was initiated in@ajasthan /he only source o) subsoil brine here is )rom thesubmersible pumps set up adjoinin, the #ambhar Da e rine )romthese bore wells is transported throu,h pipelines to the salt pans -&7 m away )rom the la e boundary #alt is produced )rom themonths o) #eptember to Gay with each production cycle ta in, -&7 months 9roduction is stopped in the monsoon months due touna$ailability o) sun li,ht and poor *uality o) brine /he !a+lcontent o) #alt produced in !awa drops below 46( a)ter the montho) Garch

Salt 'ar(s

e)ore establishin, any salt wor s the )ollowin, points are ta eninto consideration& /opo,raphy o) the land at the selected site /he nature and *uality o) the soil and brine /he meteorolo,ical parameters pre$ailin, in the re,ion #ur)ace e.posure )or solar e$aporation o) the brine 9rotectin, the salt wor s )rom any natural calamities Annual rain)all

ependin, upon the source o) the brine %Da e brineCsubsoil orunder,round brine' and its initial density used in salt manu)acturelar,e areas are re*uired to brin, the concentration o) the brine to asta,e o) salt production #o the lands should be sli,htly at anele$ated le$el and should ha$e proper contour %,radients' )ornatural brine ow and the soil should be o) imper$ious nature /his


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will a$oid intermittent pumpin, o) brine which is a proper desi,n o) salt wor s

A common salt )arm has sections li e reser$oirs condensers

crystalli;ers salt heapin, plat)orm bunds channels and approachroads etc !o o) condensers are decided accordin, to the initialdensity o) the brine As a ,eneral rule the initial density o) thebrine should not be less then 2&2 5 0 eJ Howe$er in ,eneralsubsoil brine in the density ran,e o) 6&20 0 eJ is a$ailable in@ajasthan

Kach condenser is installed - inch below the pre$ious one so thatbrine can ow continuously When brine intensity ,oes up to 26de,ree it is the sta,e o) salt )ormation Here the brine is a$ailablein the )orm o) crystals now salt is collected in the small cone shapeheaps #alt is then collected on bunds by labourers and sent )or)urther processin, li e ,rindin, crushin, iodi;ation and pac a,in,

)oderate conditions for co((on salt production Sun light* Intensity o) sunli,ht aEects the process o) salt

)ormation As intense the sunli,ht crystalli;ation o) salt will be)aster

Air + ,ree-e .ow* As hi,h the speed o) air ow salt

)ormation will be )aster /u(idity* Humidity is also one important )actor in #alt

)ormation I) atmosphere is more humid salt )ormation willta e place slowly I) humidity is less salt )ormation will be)aster

$e(perature* As hi,h the temperature salt )ormation will be)aster

Abo$e conditions increases the e$aporation and )ast salt

production

Salt Production


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Season Production periodCost of salt

Winter 20&25 days 20&25 @s C*uintal#ummer 8&10 days 15&

20 @s C*uintalSimple Common Salt Manufacturing Unit

Condenser

Con. Con. Con. Con. Con. Con. Con. Con. Con.

+hannelC C C C C

Bunds

C C C C C

+hannel - Bore well

Production 0

On an a$era,e salt production is about 1200&1800 *uintal C bi,hain !awa area In ,eneral it is obser$ed that per de,ree 100 *uintelsalt is produced

Rapid Rural Appraisal

@apid @ural Appraisal %@@A' has its ori,in and application in ruralde$elopment&related research It is an emer,in, methodolo,y toimpro$e the cost&eEecti$eness timeliness and *uality o) ruralde$elopment&related research or @@A may describe as a systematicacti$ity desi,ned to draw in)erences conclusions hypotheses orassessments includin, the ac*uisition o) new in)ormation durin, alimited period o) time


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O,jectives of the study1

Beepin, abreast o) )ollowin, basics o) the @@A e.ercise wedesi,ned a comprehensi$e e.ercise to meet the defnedobjecti$es /he objecti$es were toL

Identi)y )actors that limit iodisation o) salt in the project areaM

Identi)y probable benefciaries o) the projectM

Identi)y the major problems is bein, )aced by these salt

producersM

Identi)y community structures and or,ani;ations )or salt producers

throu,h which their participation and initiati$e could be enhancedM

#tudy local mar etin, systems and fnd opportunities )or current

projectL

Speci"c techni2ues used1

urin, the @@A e.ercise )ollowin, techni*ues were used to ,et therele$ant and desired in)ormation )rom diEerent sta e holders o) theproject which will play a $ital role to understand the real ,rassroot)acts and circumstances o) the project area and selection o) tar,etbenefciaries o) the project

1 /he teams tried a ran in, techni*ue on basis o) productioncapacity o) salt producers and e.perience with iodisation /histechni*ue was use)ul in identi)yin, the diEerent socio&economical ,roups in a $illa,e without any discrimination relatedto caste re,ion ,ender or other discriminati$e issues

2 /he use o) semi&structured inter$iew not only allows respondentsto elaborate their ideas but it also in$ites team to pay more


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attention to desi,n conte.t specifc approach )or current projectinter$entions

- rawin, relationship chart o) plant owners and theirrespondentsJ raw salt suppliers are clearly indicatin, the

business chains and relationships in the project area)ethodology1

Study area- /his rapid rural appraisal o) Identifcation o) common salt producerswas conducted in $illa,es in the !awa bloc o) the !a,auristrict /he research team be,an by constructin, a conceptual)ramewor that pro$ided a clear outline o) the comple.relationships amon, salt production and its iodisation concernedproblems a$ailable local mar et and socio&cultural )actors in thestudy area

Techniques of data collection- /eam used the )ollowin, in)ormation ,atherin, techni*ues asL semistructured inter$iews o) diEerent sta e holders accordin, desi,ned)ormats direct obser$ations and )ocus ,roup discussion

Mode of data collection-

/eam members directly interacted with diEerent sta e holders suchas common salt producers %lease holders' iodised salt plantowners ban ers and line departments "inal endnote was prepareda)ter analysis and comparison study o) primary and secondarydata

Results+ outco(es1

@apid rural appraisal conducted in the $illa,es out o) 10 saltproducin, $illa,es 10 salt producin, $illa,es come under !a,aur

and Ajmer districts o) @ajasthan Out o) these 10 $illa,es $illa,escome in the !awa bloc o) !a,aur district which is the bi,,est saltproducin, area in @ajasthan #tatus o) salt production in the saltproducin, $illa,es is as )ollowsL

Status of Salt production in salt producing villages


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3illage Su,district

District No4 of lease

holders

Saltproduction+ Acre

in )$

$otalArea

$otalannual

saltproducti

on in )$!awa !awa !a,aur 85 86 4 5 8-850Gohanpur

a!awa !a,aur -5 14 2-5 7765

Bha har i !awa !a,aur -4 0 65 5-550o$indi !awa !a,aur 18 12 150 14050urha !awa !a,aur 74 116 670 7270

abdina,ar

!awa !a,aur 220 172 -050 7--100

@ajas !awa !a,aur 22 1-- 275 -2585Aau Bishan,ar

hAjmer 8- 1150 45750

#inodiya Bishan,arh

Ajmer 85 68 275 16660

ha, Bishan,arh

Ajmer 6 65 7470

/otal 55- 520

Gap o) #alt producin, area o) !a,aur district is as depicted belowL


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=illa,e wise in)ormation collected throu,h "ocus roup iscussionare as )ollowsL

3illage*5urha


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5eneral infor(ation1

urha $illa,e ha$e 602 households ha$in, total population about

-858 out o) this 1461 are male and 184 are )emale Household

si;e o) the $illa,e is 6 0 #e. ratio o) $illa,e is 46 /here is nourban population Diteracy rate o) $illa,e is 61 5( etailed

in)ormation about salt production and )acilities at $illa,e le$el are

described belowL

%4 Category wise list of salt producers 6with average saltproduction per annu(7

As per the criteria set )or the cate,ory wise selection o) the salt

producers there is no salt producer producin, iodi;ed salt

K$ery salt producer is comin, in the cate,ory o) the small salt

producer /otal 21 small salt producers are identifed thou,h this

e.ercise Dist o) the small salt producer is attached as

Anne8ure*%

2 Average salt production in salt per ,igha

A$era,e salt production in the urha $illa,e is about 00&800Nuintals per bi,ha

Annual Income o) salt producers $aries )rom @s 12500 to @s 2lacs A$era,e annual income is @s 1 lac

94 Category wise infor(ation1

a) "acilities a$ailable )or commercial salt production 6SSP7 Dand rine /ube well


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Gotor Klectric connection #mall house at salt )arm K*uipments used in common salt production

b' 9roblem )aced by salt producersL

$ypes ofpro,le(s

SSP 6:7 )SP 6:7

Klectricity 45( 0

rine Nuality 70( 0

rin in, Water 48( 0

@epairin, o) plots 65( 0

"inance 85( 0

@oad /ransport 100( 0

c' Dist o) s ill re*uirin, up ,radation

$ypes SSP 6:7 )SP 6:7#alt iodisation -0( 0

9ac a,in, -5( 0

Gar etin, 10( 0

Gaintenance o)e*uipment

20( 0

Ktc Din a,e

de$elopmen55(25(

00


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t Gana,emen

t

;4 Salt producers perspective on %&: of support cost

#alt producers are ready to contribute 6&10( o) the total support

cost a)ter #H )ormation


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#choolL 9rimaryC #econdaryCHi,her #econdaryGedical )acilitiesL 9rimary health center "or )urther treatment $isit #ambhereneral sanitationL #atis)actory

3illage*?a,di Nagar


abdi !a,ar $illa,e ha$e 257 households ha$in, total population

about 1507 out o) this 82 are male and 22 are )emale

Household si;e o) the $illa,e is 6 0 #e. ratio o) $illa,e is 42-

/here is no urban population Diteracy rate o) $illa,e is - 4(

etailed in)ormation about salt production and )acilities at $illa,e

le$el are described belowL





producer /otal 1-7 small salt producers are identifed thou,h

this e.ercise Dist o) the small salt producer is attached as

Anne8ure*@

@4 Average salt production in salt per ,igha

A$era,e salt production in the abdi !a,ar is about 500 1000Nuintals per bi,ha

Annual Income o) salt producers $aries )rom @s 12500 to @s 7lacs A$era,e annual income is @s 1 lac


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a' "acilities a$ailable )or commercial salt production %##9'

Dand rine /ube well Gotor Klectric connectionC enerator #mall house at salt )arm K*uipments used in common salt production

b' 9roblem )aced by salt producersL

$ypes ofpro,le(s

SSP 6:7 )SP 6:7

Klectricity 4 ( 0

rine Nuality 55( 0

rin in, Water 47( 0

@epairin, o) plots 78( 0

"inance 86( 0

@oad /ransport 48( 0

c' Dist o) s ill re*uirin, up ,radation

$ypes SSP 6:7 )SP 6:7

#alt Iodisation 25( 0

9ac a,in, -5( 0

Gar etin, 10( 0

Gaintenance o) 10( 0


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e*uipment

Ktc Din a,e

de$elopment

80( 0

Gana,ement 65( 0

;4 Salt producers perspective on %&: of support cost#alt producers are willin, to pay 8&10( o) total support cost


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@ajas and !awa are lin ed with proper road )acility recently Din road )rom abdi !a,ar to o$indi railway station is need

o) the people@ailway & !il

Other transportation !il

KlectricityL !o o) hours 7 to 6 hours daily ac up )acilities #ome producers useenerator

rin in, water supplyL 9HK supply & !ilWells & !ilHand pumps&!ilOthers /an er supply )rom @ajas

#choolL 9rimaryC secondary Gedical )acilitiesL #ub +enter with one A!G

=illa,ers use ,o$ernment and pri$ate health ser$ices in !awa

eneral sanitationL satis)actory


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3illage*Nawa


!awa ha$e 24-4 households ha$in, total population about 182-0out o) this 4671 are male and 8584 are )emale Household si;e o)

the $illa,e is 6 0 #e. ratio o) $illa,e is 841 /here is no urban

population Diteracy rate o) $illa,e is 6 ( etailed in)ormation

about salt production and )acilities at $illa,e le$el are described

belowL

%4Category wise list of salt producers 6with average saltproduction per annu(7

/otal 5 small salt producers and 12- Gedium #alt 9roducers are

identifed thou,h this e.ercise Dist o) the small salt producer is

attached as Anne8ure*9 and list o) Gedium salt producers is

attached as Anne8ure*;4

@4 Average salt production in salt per ,igha

A$era,e 00 1000 Nuintal per bi,ha salt is produced

Annual Income o) small salt producers $aries )rom @s -0000 to @s7 5 lacs A$era,e annual income is @s 2 lacs

Annual Income o) medium salt producers $aries )rom @s 50000 to

@s 6 lacs A$era,e annual income is @s - lacs


a7 "acilities a$ailable )or commercial salt production )or #mall

#alt 9roducers %##9'


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Dand

rine

/ube well

Gotor

Klectric connectionC enerator

#mall house

K*uipments used in common salt production

@oad transport

,7 "acilities a$ailable )or commercial salt production )or

Gedium #alt

9roducers %G#9 7 9roduction unit

#hed

@oad /rain transport

Warehouse )acility

uality Assurance

/estin, by salt producers be)ore pac a,in, Occasional chec in, by the mobile unit o) salt department /estin, be)ore train transport by salt department Nuality chec by the salt purchaser in the mar et

)easures undertaken ,y salt producer for 2ualityassurance


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/raditional trained person )or *uality is a$ailable with theproducers

Kn,a,in, ser$ices o) chemist is not a$ailable in !AWA /here is a mobile lab o) #alt epartment a$ailable in the

!AWA area Iodine testin, its used

c7 9roblem )aced by salt producersL

$ypes of pro,le(s SSP 6:7 )SP 6:7

Klectricity 42( 5(

Klectricity&A,riculturesupply F +ommercialbill

100( 100(

rine Nuality -5( 25(

rin in, Water 57( 60(

@epairin, o) plots -2( 20(

"inance 65( -0(

@oad /ransport 76( 25(

/rain /ransport 0 -5(

c' Dist o) s ill re*uirin, up ,radation$ypes SSP 6:7 )SP 6:7#alt Iodisation 65( 75(

9ac a,in, 75( -5(

Gar etin, 25( 20(


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Gaintenance o)e*uipment

20( 25(

Ktc Din a,ede$elopment

70( -5(

Gana,ement -5( 25(

;4 Salt producers perspective on %&: of support cost *

K$ery salt producer is ready to contribute 10( contribution on the

total support cost


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Only persons )rom the list o) G#9 ha$e ta en loan )rom #

!awa +ity at an interest rate o) 8 25(&11 5( Doan amount is

$aryin, )rom @s 1 -0 000C& to @s 00 000C& and loan ta en )or

business purpose %#alt'

>4 Basic infrastructure in the village /ransportationL @oad lin A$ailable

@ailway & A$ailableOther transportation !il

KlectricityL !o o) hours 7 to 6 hours daily

ac up )acilities #ome producers useenerator

rin in, water supplyL 9HK supply & Pes Wells & !il Hand pumps&!il Others 9ri$ate tan er supply

#choolL 9rimary&15 #econdary&2 and +olle,e& 2 Gedical )acilitiesL o$ernment and pri$ate +linics in !awa andBuchaman

eneral #anitationL #atis)actory


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3illage*)ohanpura


Gohanpura ha$e only 28 households ha$in, total population about

42 out o) this 6 are male and 16 are )emale Household si;e o)

the $illa,e is - 0 /here is no re,ular population stayin, in the

$illa,e Gainly labours o) salt )arms are li$in, in the $illa,e /he

)amily members o) these labours are residin, in near by township

area #o )emale ratio in comparison o) male is $ery less /here is no

urban population Diteracy rate o) $illa,e is 57 4( etailed

in)ormation about salt production and )acilities at $illa,e le$el aredescribed belowL



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producer /otal 77 small salt producers are identifed thou,h thise.ercise Dist o) the small salt producer is attached as

Anne8ure*

sharad joshi part 8 (3)

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