shanti niketan fas presentation

7/30/2019 Shanti Niketan FAS Presentation

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Fire alarm

system1


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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

The first step toward halting a fire is to

properly identify the incident, raise the

occupant alarm, and then notify emergency

response professionals.

Purpose of Fire Alarm System

Detect : Alert : Evacuate


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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

A fire alarm system is an active fire protection system that

detects fire or the effects of fire, and as a result notifies the

occupants, notifies persons in the surrounding area, summons

the fire service, and controls all the fire alarm components in a

building.

Fire alarm systems can include alarm initiating devices, alarm

notification appliances, control units, fire safety control

devices, annunciators, power supplies, and wiring.


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Also in certain cases

Activate Sprinkler system

Gas Suppression System

Pre action System

Carry out supplementary operations Elevators Equipment shutdown

AHU Shutdown

Deactivate Access Control system

Activate Remote Signal Annunciator

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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM


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TYPE OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM INSTALLED

Addressable Fire Alarm System

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ADDRESSABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Based on number of loopsMax.250 devices in EST, can be

connected in a single loop

LCD 80 Character DisplayDevice address is identified and

Communicated to Control Panel

Programmable Input to Output activation

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ADDRESSABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Pinpoint location of fire

Printer Options

Memory of 800 past events

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ADVANTAGES


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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM DESIGN

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A fire alarm system is composed of componentswhich can be classified into the followingcategories.

Initiating Devices - these devices either sense theeffects of a fire, or are manually activated bypersonnel, resulting in a signal to the fire alarmpanel. Examples are heat detectors, smokedetectors, manual pull stations or break-glasses,

and sprinkler pressure or flow switches.

Main Fire alarm control (panel) - this is the centralbrain of the overall system, which coordinates thesignals and resultant actions of the system.

.,Contd


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Power supply - because one of the fire alarmsystem objectives is life safety, fire alarm system

power supplies are redundant, and reliable when

compared to electronic or electrical systems of

similar complexities (e.g., HVAC control systems).

Primary supply- Commercial light and power.

Back-up/secondary supply - Usually sealed, lead-acid batteries. Generators are permitted under

strict rules.



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Notification appliances - these devices provide

stimulation for initiating emergency action and

provide information to users, emergency

response personnel, and occupants.

Examples are bell, siren, horn, speaker, light, or

text display that provides audible, tactile, or

visible outputs.



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SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

FAS

Control Panel

Manual Call Point

Automatic Initiating

Devices

Smoke Detectors

Heat Detectors

Water Flow Devices

Manual Initiating

Devices

Horn/Strobe

Remote

AnnunciatorLED, LCD

CPU with Power supply

cards & 2 Batteries

Relays

INPUT DEVICES OUT PUT DEVICES


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ALARM INPUTS OUTPUTS

FIREALARM

PULLin case

ofFIRE

Detectors

Manual Pull

Stations

Waterflow

Switches

Supervisory

Inputs

Gate

Valve

FIREBELL

FIRE

Bells

Strobes

Horns

Speakers

Auxiliary

Devices


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FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL

Indicates Alarm

Supervises A.C. power, battery, initiating device

circuit (IDC), notification appliance circuit (NAC)

Have a common trouble circuit for power failures,open, & short circuits

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INPUT DEVICES

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Photoelectric or OpticalSmoke Detector

Heat Detector

Break Glass Type Manual Call

Points

And Finally Control Monitor

Modules (SIGA-CT1)


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WORK OF SMOKE DETECTOR

Light Scattering MethodDuring normal conditions:

1. Light emitting from LED is

absorbed by the black matte in

inside of chamber.

2. Little light falls on the receiver.3. Electrical output is very low.

During an alarm condition:

1. Smoke enters the chamber.

2. The visible particles of smoke

reflect the light onto the receiver.

3. Increased light, increases the

electrical output to the alarm

threshold.


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WORK OF HEAT DETECTORHeat Detectors

Not a Life Safety Device.

Activates when surrounding temperature reaches apresettemperature.

Typical 135 degrees F (57 degree C).

Fixed Temperature - Thermistor has a negative temperature

coefficient. As Heat rises, resistance decreases, allowing more current flow

And resulting in Alarm Indication in Fire Alarm Panel.


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OUTPUT DEVICES

Hooter/Strobe

Relay Control Modules

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