i

g³ikp ;oeko

ii

;zd/ô

iii

iv

do Sbd

ShId-ey-Awzm s. Bgq isMG dI jylH fwierI

BwrqI ieiqhws dw Anmol Kzwnw hY[ ies iv`coN

aunHW dI bhup`KI SsKIAq dy drSn huMdy hn[

aunHW dy jylH Xwqrw dOrwn ivSv dy mhwn lyKkW

dIAW rcnwvW dw fUMGw AiDAYn kIqw Aqy aunHW dIAW

ilKqW iv`coN jo mh`qv pUrn g`lW sn aunHW ƒ AwpxI fwierI iv`c Swiml

kr ilAw[ jylH fwierI dw mUl KrVw s. Bgq isMG dy svrgvwsI Coty

Brw s. kulbIr isMG v`loN sMBwilAw hoieAw sI[ pihlw sPw ijs aupr

s. Bgq isMG dy dsqKq hn iek jylH AiDkwrI vloN idqw igAw sI[

hux sUcnw qy lok sMprk ivBwg pMjwb vloN ShId-ey-Awzm s. Bgq

isMG dy jnm SqwbdI smwgm smyN iesdw AMgryzI mUl rUp iv`c Aqy

ausdy nwl-nwl pMjwbI Anuvwd CwipAw jw irhw hY [

mYN ies pusqk dI CpvweI leI s. ibkrm isMG mjITIAw, sUcnw qy

lok sMprk mMqrI, SRI jgjIq purI AweI. ey. AYs. sk`qr, sUcnw qy

lok sMpkr, SRI ey. AYs. bYNs fwierYktr sUcnw qy lok sMprk Aqy

qrk BwrqI pRkwSn brnwlw dw qih idloN DMnvwdI hW ijnHW ny ies pusqk

ƒ Cpvwaux leI pUrn sihXog idqw[

20 sqMbr, 2007

cMfIgVH

ABY isMG sMDU

(BqIjw ShId-ey-Awzm s. Bgq isMG)98153-08803

v

1

2

gzBk 2 (2)

÷whB d/ wkgL

iowB 20 j?eN/no & 50 J/eV, noEks 1 j?eN/no & 2½ J/eV

3

4

gzBk 6 (3)

;zgsh s'A w[esh - š;zgsh dh ;[szsosk@ --- fiZE'A sZe S'N/ g{zihgsh

ns/ fe;kB ;zgsh wkbeK dk ;tkb j?, š;zgsh s'A w[esh@ pD rJh.

ftnkj nkgD/ nkg ftZu, gfjbK dh GKfs jh, t/ôtkfpqsh dk ekB{zBh s"o

s/ gqtkBs o{g, n"gukfoe godk, pfDnk fojkaaaaaaa.

(ô'ôfb÷w ;kfJzNhfce n?Av :{N'ghnk)

fdwkrh r[bkwh - š fJZe ;Zsk B/ wkBt ;wki Bz{t?;k jh ofunk, fij'

fijk nZi T[j j?, ns/ Ò;q/;msoÓ s/ Ò;Zsk d/ gqsh ;wogD d?th fJZSk s'A jh

ÒfBwBsoÓ torK T[Zs/ bkr{ehsk frnk j?.@ T[gd/ôe b'e] T[gd/ô wzu ns/ gq?;

tb'A fdZs/ ikD tkb/ fJ; ;zd/ô B/ nkdwh d/ fdwkr B{z ;zw'js eo oZfynk j? ns/

fJj ;'ôD d/ ;G s'A w÷p{s ;szGK ftZu'A fJZe j?.

(n"fofiB nkø dk c?fwbh ftZu nB[tkde dh G{fwek)

5

6

gzBk 7 (4)

J/rb÷ dh ouBk dk n'fofiB nkø dk c?fwbh ------

nkdw ;wki d/ fJfsjk; ftZu fJZe soe ;zrs ftt;Ek gq;s[s eoB dk

:sB ;G s'A gfjbK wkorB B/ ehsk.

T[j T[;B{z fszB w[Zy :[ZrK ftZu tzvdk j?.

1a n;ZG:sk 2a poposk 3a ;ZG:sk

1a n;ZG:sk L- nZr/ fszB nt;EktK ftZu se;hw L

1a fBwBso 2a wZ:w 3a T[Zuso

1a n;ZG;sk dh fBwBso nt;Ek L wkABtiksh dk fôô{ekb.

1a doysK T[Zgo ofjDk 2a G'iB j[zdk ;h cb, frohcb s/ ezdw{b 3a ;[;zrs

p'bh dk ftek; fJ; ekb dh gqw[Zy T[gbZpXh.

2a wZX: nt;EkL 1 nZr dh y'i 2a wZSh G'iB ti'A fJ;s/wkb 3a fôeko d/

tk;s/ gZEo d/ n"÷koK dh ekY 4a wB[Zyh wk; ykDk gquZbs j' iKdk j?.

3a T[Zuso nt;Ek L 1 ewkD ns/ sho, e[bjkVh BjhA 2a g/Av{p;shnK 3a xo

pDkT[D ftZu fJwkosh bZeVh dh tos'A 4a eZgV/ p[D/ ikD bZr/.

n;ZG:sk dh nt;Ek ftZu ewkD ns/ sho t?;/ jh ;B fij' fij/ poposk

dh nt;Ek ftZu b'j/ dh sbtko ns/ ;ZG:sk dh nt;Ek ftZu nrBôk;so

:kBh gqG{st d/ jfEnko.

7

8

gzBk 8 (5)

2 poposk L

1a fBwBso nt;Ek L1a x[fwnko feZs/ dk nkozG, gfjbK bZeVh d/

posBK T[Zs/ fwZNh dhnK s?jK uVQkJhnK iKdhnK ;B, b/feB pkd ftZu fwZNh d/

posBK dh y'i eo bJh rJh.

2a wkBt ikshnK d' ;gôN torK ftZu se;hw L

(i) g{oph, i' ikBto gkbdhnK ;B ns/ nBki g?dk eodhnK ;B.

(ii) gZSwh, fiBQK d/ e'b/ f;oc ÒwZekÓ ;h wZeh dh c;b

2a wZX nt;Ek

(T) gZSwh r'bkoXL noEks nwohek ftZu T[j nzB tkbhnK c;bK

T[rkT[Ad/ ;B, (y/sh ns/ f;zukJh) ns/ xo pDkT[D bJh fJZNK gekT[Ad/ ;B.

(n) g{oph T[j d[ZX s/ wk; d/ tk;s/ gô{gkbD eodhnK ;B. fJ; nt;Ek

ftZu e'Jh y/sh BjhA.

3a T[Zuso nt;EkL

(i) eZu/ b'j/ B{z rkbDk.

(ii) d;skt/÷ fbyD d/ tk;s/ nZyo fbZgh dk ftek; ns/ fJ;dh tos'A. fJ;

nt;Ek ftZu nB/e ekYK eZYhnK rJhnK. :{BkBh BkfJeK dk fJj' jh :[Zr j?.

(iii) tZv/ g?wkB/ T[Zgo wZeh dh y/sh eoB bJh gô{nK tkb/ b'j/ d/ jb fyZu/

iKd/ jB.

(iv) izrbK dh eNkJh ns/ b'j/ dhnK e[jkVhnK s/ b'j/ dhnK e[dkbK dh

tos'A j'D bZrh.

(v) wjkB T[gbZpXhnK L (i) b'j/ d/ T[ZBs n"÷ko (ii) gkEhnK (iii) iksK (iv) x[fwnko

dk uZe (v) s/b ns/ ôokp eZYDk (vi) XksK dh YbkJh (vii) rZvh s/ oZE

(viii) ijk÷ fBowkD

9

10

(gzBk 9 (6)

(ix) ebkswek t;s{fôbgekoh (x) ôfjo s/ fefbnK dk fBowkD (xi) j'wo

:[Zr ns/ ;zg{oD fwZEe ôk;so

fJBQK T[gbZpXhnK d/ Bkb jh, :{BkBh shih nt;Ek -ÒÒ;fGnskÓÓ ftu

gqt/ô eo iKd/ jB.

;zy/g ftZu L

1a n;ZfGnsk L- w[Zy s"o s/ fsnko ô[dk gqkfeqse T[sgkdK d/ pN'oB

(ndkB-gqdkB) dk :[Zr, wkBth p[Xh e[ôbsk w[Zy s"o s/ fJ; ndkB-gqdkB ftZu

;jkfJe f;ZX j'D tkb/ T[g:'rh n"÷koK dh ekY eZYdh j?.

2a poposkL- gô{gkbD, y/sh s/ wB[Zy okjhA gqkfeqsh dh T[sgkdesk

tXkT[D d/ Bt/A-Bt/A sohfenK d/ jkf;b eoB dk :[Zr.

3a ;ZfGnsk L- gqkfeqse T[sgkdK dk ftnkge T[g:'r f;ZyD dk,

w?B{c?eufozr (fBowkD) dk ns/ ebk dk :[Zr.

----------0-------------

fJ; soQK ;kB{z wB[Zyh ftek; dhnK fszB w[Zy nt;EktK Bkb nkw s"o s/

w/b yKd/ j'J/ NZpo d/ fszB w[Zy o{g fwbd/ jB.

1a n;ZfGnsk d/ :[Zr ftZu LÒÒ:{E ftnkjÓÓ

2a poposk d/ :[Zr ftZu L :[rw gfotko

3a ;ZfGnsk d/ :[Zr ftZu L fJefBôm ftnkj d/ Bkb-Bkb ftGuko ns/

t/ôtkftqsh. :[rw gfotko ns/ fJefBôm ftnkj d/ dofwnkB poposk dh

T[Zusw nt;Ek ftZu, dk;hnK d/ T[Zgo g[oôK d/ ôkôe ns/ pj[gsBh ftnkj d/

gqt/ô. (gz 90)

11

12

gzBk 10 (7)

ftnkj d/ d'ôL

yk; s"o s/ fJZe dhoxekbh brkt, d; wkwfbnK ftu'A B"A ftZu, ftGuko

dk fJZe gZek No/fBzr (f;ybkJh) ;e{b j[zdk j?. (gzL 91)

;wkitkdh fJBebkp ns/ ftnkj ;z;Ek

j[D n;] fJZe nfij/ ;wkfie fJBebkp (spdhbh) tZb] tX oj/ jK fi;d/

gfoDkw;o{g fJZe fBôm ftnkj dk toswkB nkofEe nkXko T[B/ jh fBôus o{g

ftZu fwN ikJ/rk, fizB/ fBôus o{g ftZu fJefBôm ftnkj d/ nB[g{oe dk,

t/;tkftqsh dk nkoEe nkXko fwN ikJ/rk. fJefBôm ftnkj dk fotki fJZe

ftnesh d/ - T[j th fJZe wod d/ -jZEK ftZu pj[s ;kok XB fJeZso j'D d/ ekoB

ns/ fJ; fJZSk d/ cb;o{g T[sgzB j'fJnk ;h fe T[j XB fe;/ d{i/ dh ;zskB d/ bJh

BjhA, f;oc nkgDh ;zskB d/ tk;s/ SZv ikt/. fJ; T[d/ô d/ tk;s/ n"os dh

fJefBômk ntZôe ;h, wod dh BjhA. fJ; bJh Bkoh dh fJefBômk Bkb wod d/

y[b/ iK S[g/ j'J/ pj[gsBhst ftZu e'Jh o'e BjhA g?Adh ;h.

gqzs{nkT[D tkbk ;wkie fJBebkp ;EkJh iZdh XB-;zgsh d/ nfXeso

fjZ;/ B{z -:kBh T[sgkdB d/ ;kXBK B{z ;wkfie ;zgsh pDk d¶J/rk ns/ nfijk eoe/

;zgsh dh ftok;s ;zpzXh fJ; ;koh fuzsk B{z xZN s'A xZN pDk d/t/rk.

gozs{fJefBôm ftnkj feT[Afe nkoEe ekoDK s'A T[sgzB j'fJnk ;h, eh fJBQK

ekoDK d/ fwN ikD Bkb T[j th fwN ikJ/rk.

(gzL91)

---------0---------

13

14

gzBk 11 (8)

ÒÒGo d/t' fgnkbk j/ fgnko/ w/o/, i' d{o eo/,

nZi phsd/ d[Zy ns/ nZr/ d/ G?n B{z -

eZbQ < -feT[A, eZbQ j' ;ed? w?A j' iktK

;Zs j÷ko tfoQnK d/ eZbQ dk nshs.

J/E/ xDhnK MkVhnK d/ j/mK, e'b/ o'Nh,

wfdo dh ;[okjh, ôkfJoh dh feskp - ns/ s{z

rk ojh prb ftZu w/o/ fJ; fBoiB T[ikV ftZu!

j[D sK ;tor pfDnk fJj fBoiB T[ikV jh.

ÒÒUwo yZ:kwÓÓ

okiL oki dh g{otwkBsk j? pb gq:'r dh fJZe ;otiBe ;Zsk, i' nkgD/ w?ApoK d/

;zg{oD ;zrmB s'A nbZr-EbZr j' u[Zeh j?.

(J/Arb÷) (gzL 116)

---------0--------

oki dh T[sgsh L

aaag[okD/ ÷wkB/ ftZu ephfbnK dofwnkB j'D tkb/ :[ZXK okjhA fGqôN j[zd/ j'J/ BtK

o{g XkoD o'Nh o'÷h d/ ;kXBK d/ o{g ftZu gô{, dk; ns/ XB d"bs b[ZND d/ bJh ÷whB ns/

gkDh d/ o;fsnK s'A pekfJdk jwb/, ;zy/g ftZu, XB d"bs B{z d[BhnK ftZu ;G s'A tZvh

uh÷ ;wfMnk ikD bZfrnk, T[;B{z ;fseko ns/ gqôz;k dh B÷o Bkb t/fynk ikD bZfrnk

ns/ g[okD/ r'so ;wki dhnK ;z;EktK ns/ gqEktK B{z fGqôN ehsk ikD bZfrnk sK fe XB

d"bs B{z ÷pod;sh b[ZNDk ikfJ÷ mfjokfJnk ik ;e/. j[D f;oc fJZe uh÷ doeko ;h,

nfijh ;z;Ek dh, i' Bk e/tb nbZr nbZr ftneshnK B{z BthA jkf;b ehsh j'Jh ;zgsh

B{z r'so - ftt;Ek dhnK g[okDhnK ;w[dkfJe gozgoktK s'A puk ;e/ i' fBZih wbehns B{z

fi;dh gfjbK tZX gqfsômk BjhA ;h, Bk f;oc gftZso eoko d/t/ ns/ fJ; gftsosk B{z

wkBt ;wki dk nzfsw T[d/ô th n?bkB eo d/t/, pbfe i' ;zgsh gqkgs eoB,

15

16

ns/ fJ; bJh XB d"bs B{z fBozso tXkT[Ad/ ofjD d/ BthB ns/ fte;s j[zd/ j'J/ YzrK

T[Zgo ;otifBe wkBsk dh w'jo th bZrk d/t/, nfijh ;z;Ek dh i' Bk f;oc ;wki d/

Btiks tor ftGkiB B{z, pbfe XBtkB tor okjhA fBoXB tor d/ ô'ôD ehs/ ikD d/

nfXeko B{z ns/ fBoXB tor T[Zgo XBtkB tor d/ ôkôB B{z th ;EkJh pDk d/t/.

ns/ fJj ;z;Ek th nk gj[zuh. oki dk nkftôeko j'fJnk.

(gzL 129-130)

-------0------

fJZe nZSh ;oeko dh gfoGkôk L ÒÒnZSh ;oeko ;t? ôkôB dk ftebg ed/ BjhA j'

;edhÓÓ

ÒÒj?Boh e?Agp?b p?Bow?BÓÓ

-----------0-----------

ÒÒ;kB{z :ehB j? fe ;oeko dk f;oc fJZe jh o{g j?, ukj/ fJ; B{z fi; Bkw Bkb

th g[ekfonk ikt/, fi; ftZu nzfsw fB:zsoD iBsk d/ jZEK ftZu j[zdk j?.

ÒÒnob nkc pkoc'bÓÓ

-------------0-----------

Xow L Xow d/ gqsh w/ok nkgDk fdqôNhe'D T[j jh j? i' fbT{eo/shn; dk j?.

w?A fJ; B{z G?n s'A g?dk j'Jh fJZe fpwkoh d/ o{g ftZu ns/ wkBt iksh d/ tk;s/ fJZe

nfseEB:'r d[Zy d/ o{g ftZu wzBdk jK. b/feB, w?A fJ; s'A fJBeko BjhA eo ;edk

fe fJ; B/ ;ZfGnsk ftZu e[ZM :'rdkB th ehsk j?. fJ; B/ nkozfGe ekb ftZu

gzuKr-fBoXkoD ftZu wdd ehsh, ns/ fJ; d/ ubfdnK fw;o d/ go'fjsK B/

rqfjDK dk b/yk i'yk n?Bh ;ktXkBh d/ Bkb oZfynk fe pkd ftZu T[j fJBQK ;pzXh

GftZypkDh eo ;eD ftZu ;woZE pD rJ/. fJBQK d' ;/tktK B{z sK w?A wzBD d/ bJh

fsnko jK, gozs{j'o fe;/ d/ pko/ w?A BjhA ikDdk.

-poNo/Av oZ;b

17

18

gzBk 13 (10)

goT[gekoh fBoze[ôbsk L wKN/r{ u/w;c'ov B/ poskBth ;oeko B{z fJZe

ÒÒgoT[gekoh fBoze[ôskÓÓ nkfynk j? ns/ poskBth b/po gkoNh d/ ;kwokitkdh

B/sk o?wi/ w?Bv'Bkbv d/ nB[;ko ÒÒfJZe ÒgoT[gekoh fBoze[ôskÓ d[nkok fe;/ d/ô

T[Zgo ôkôB eoB d/ ;ko/ :sBK ftZu iBsk B{z e[ub fdZsk iKdk j?. T[j

fttjkoôhb Bkrfoe BjhA, nkfrnkekoh goik pD iKd/ jB. T[jBK dk ;kfjs,

T[jBK dh ebk, T[[jBK dh nkswe nfGftesh wo iKdh j?.ÓÓ

--------0-----------

Gkos ;oekoL Gkos d/ gqGkoh ftd/ô wzsoh nkBo/pb n?;awKN/r{B/ jkT{;

nkc ekwB÷ ftZu 1917 ftZu nkfynk, ÒÒGkos ;oeko, nkX[fBe T[d/ôK d/ bJh

fe;/ th ezw bkfJe j'D d/ B÷ohJ/ s'A p/jZd iVQ p/jZd fBoww, p/jZd nkfdw ns/

p/jZd dfenkB{;h j?. Gkos ;oeko n;wZE j?.ÓÓ

Gkos ftZu fpqfNô ôkôBL vka oEc'ov d/ ôpd LÒÒGkos ftZu poskBth ôkôB

fit/A ubkfJnk ik fojk j? T[j d[BhnK ftZu ;oeko dh ;G s'A rztko{ns/ ;G s'A

nB?fse gqDkbh j?- fJZe okôNo tb'A d{i/ okôNo dk ô'ôD j?.ÓÓ

----------0----------

nk÷kdh ns/ nzro/÷ b'e L ÒÒnzro/÷ b'e nk÷kdh B{z y[d nkgDh ykfso jh fgnko

eod/ jB. T[j nfBnK dhnK ;kohnK ekotkJhnK B{z fxqDk eod/ jB f;tkJ/

T[jBK d/ i' T[j y[d eod/ jB. T[j nfij/ nk÷kdh gq/wh b'e jB fe eKr' ftZu

dyb nzdk÷h eod/ jB ns/ p?b÷hnBK ftZu Òôow ôowÓ uhyd/ jB. b/feB T[j

G[Zb iKd/ jB fe T[jBK dhnK nZvhnK Gos dh ;zxh T[go jB.ÓÓ

-fJZe nkfJoô b/ye

19

20

gzBk 14 (11)

GhV dk pdbk

aaaÒÒj[D nkU n;hA t/yhJ/ fe fet/A b'e fJ; Yzr Bkb ;÷k d/D d/ ftuko d/

ekfJb j'J/.

ÒÒT[j fJ; B{z T[jBK ;oekoK s'A f;Zyd/ jB fijBK d/ nzsors T[j fiT[ oj/

j[zd/ jB ns/ pdb/ ftZu T[jh ;÷k fdzd/ jB fi;B{z G'rD d/ T[j nkdh j' u[Ze/ j[zd/

jB. ;{bh T[go Nzr/ f;o, i' tfoQnK sZe N?Agb pko d/ T[go bZr/ oj/, g?fo; ftZu ;{bh

T[Zs/ Nzr/ ikD tkb/ f;oK d/ fdqô dh nkszesk s'A G'ok th fGzB BjhA ;h, fco th

nzro/÷ ;oeko B/ fJj' jh ehsk. ôkfJd fejk ik ;edk j? fe fJ; Bkb nkdwh B{z

e'Jh yk; coe BjhA g?Adk fe woB s'A pkd T[;d/ Bkb eh ehsk iKdk j?, b/feB

fiT{AfdnK B{z fJ; Bkb ekch coe g?Adk j?, fJ; Bkb iK sK T[jBK dhnK GktBktK

w[odk j' iKdhnK jB iK T[jBK d/ fdb gZEo pD iKd/ jB ns/ d't/A jh ;{osK ftZu,

fJj T[jBK B{z ;pe f;ykT[Adk j? fe id'A ;Zsk T[jBK d/ jZE ftZu nkt/ sK T[j fet/A

;÷k d/D.

ÒÒsK e[jkVh Bkb iV T[Zs/ jh jwbk eo' ns/ ;oekoK B{z wkBtsk f;yk d/t'.

fJj T[jBK dhnK y{zyko ;÷ktK jh jB i' wkBt iksh B{z fGqôN eodhnK jB-----.

iB ;kXkoD d/ ;kjwD/ gqdofôs fJBQK eo{o fdqôK dk gqGkt ;zt/dBôhbsk B{z ysw

eoB iK pdb/ dh GktBk B{z GVekT[D d/ o{g ftZu ;kjwD/ nkT[Adk j?, ns/ ftt/e

(soe) dh pikJ/ nksze d/ okjhA b'eK T[go ôkôB eoB dh fJ; fxqDs ns/ M{mh

XkoBk d/ ÷ohJ/ p/-fw;kb pDd/ jB.ÓÓ

(okJhN; nkc w?B, (gza 32) Nhag/B)

21

22

(gzBk 15 (12)

okik ns/ okiszso L okôNo B/ b{Jh u"djt/A d/ fto[ZX BjhA pbfe ;oeko d/

skBkôkjh f;XksK d/ fto[ZX ftdo'j ehsk. fJj f;XKs w[Zy s"o s/, T[; s'A BjhA

pbfe eJh ;dhnK gfjbK ;Ekgs nkozGe ftt;Ek ;w/A g?dk j'J/ ;B ns/ n?Bh

v{zxkJh sZe iVQK iwk u[Ze/ ;B fe ysw BjhA ehs/ ik ;e/ ;B, ns/ goihthnK s/

b[N/fonK dk rzdrh Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk n;spb th n?B/ fxqDkswe s"o s/ rzdk

;h fe fJZe ;zg{oD fJBebkp jh T[;B{z ;kc eo ;edk ;h. id'A e'Jh ezw eoBk

÷o{oh j' iKdk j?, sK T[; B{z fJZe-fuZs j' e/ eoBk ukjhdk j?, iK T[; B{z eoB dh

e'fôô BjhA eoBh ukjhdhaaaa. okik ns/ okiszso d' nbZr nbZr fGzB uh÷K ;B,

ns/ g{oB T[ZBs (:kBh okik -;z) iK T[;d/ f;XksK d/ jh fto'X ftZu fJj ftdo'j

j'fJnk ns/ fJBebkp ehsk frnk.

-(gza19)

----------0---------

gqkfeose ns/ Bkrfoe nfXeko L

wB[Zy B/ ;wki ftZu gqt/ô fJ; bJh BjhA ehsk fe T[j gfjbK s'A th p[ok pD

ikt/, pbfe fJ; bJh fe T[;d/ nfXeko gfjbK Bkb'A p¶jso Yzr Bkb ;[oZfyns

j'D. T[;d/ gqkfeqse nfXeko jh T[;d/ ;ko/ nfXekoK dk w{b nkXko j[zd/ jB.

gqkfeqse nfXeko T[j jB i' wB[Zy d/ fiT{D d/ nfXeko Bkb ;pzfXs jB

(p"fXe -wkBf;e nkfd)

Bkrfoe nfXeko T[j jB i' wB[Zy d/ ;wki dk fJZe w?Apo j'D Bkb ;pzfXs

jB.

- (gzBk - 44)

23

24

gzBk 16 (13)

oki/ dh sBykj L fJZe ftnesh d/ g/N GoB d/ tk;s/ fe;/ d/ô d/ ;otiBe N?e;K

ftu'A, d; bZy ;Nofbzr d/D, dh rZb eoBk nDwB[Zyh j?, id'A fe j÷koK b'e i'

fJ; ftZu :'rdkB eoB bJh w÷p{o ehs/ iKd/ jB, s'NK Bkb szr ns/ pdjkbh

Bkb i{M oj/ jB. ;oeko i/bQK ns/ oki wjZbK d/ ftueko, iK ezrkbh ns/ ôkB-

ô"es d/ ftueko fe;/ ;wM"s/ d/ o{g ftZu BjhA j[zdh, fJj fJ; bJh BjhA pDkJh iKdh

fe ÷o{oswzd s'A T[;dh dwVh th b[ZN bJh ikt/ ns/ y;sjkbK dh d[odôk j'o tXk

fdZsh ikt/.

(gza 204)

----------0----------

ÒÒw?B{z nk÷kdh d/t' iK w"sÓÓ

ÒÒaaa wkwb/ B{z jbek pDkT[Dk p/eko j?, ôqhwkB ih. ôohc b'e ôKsh ôKsh uhy

;ed/ jB - b/feB e'Jh ôKsh BjhA j?. :[ZX sK tk;st ftu ô[o{ jh j' u[Zfenk j?. j[D

nrbk MZyV i' T[so tb'A T[Zme/ --- ;kv/ ezBK sZe g[Zi fojk j?, r{ziD tkb/

jfEnkoK dhnK NeokjNK dk j?. ;kv/ d';s-fwZso sK gfjbK s'A jh bVkJh d/ w?dkB

ftZu. n;hA J/E/ p¶eko feT[A yV/ jK< nkfyo ôohc b'e ukj[zd/ eh jB< T[j eh eoBr/<

eh f÷zdrh n?Bh fgnkoh iK ôKsh n?Bh fwZmh j? fe T[; B{z p/VhnK ns/ r[bkwh dh

ehws s/ th yohd fbnk ikt/<

o'e' fJjB{z, j/ ;opôeshwkB Jhôto. w?A BjhA ikDdk fe j'o b'ehA fejVk okj

nyfsnko eoBr/. b/feB fiE'A sZe w/ok ;tkb j?, w?B{z ÒÒnk÷kdh@ d/t' iK ÒÒ w"sÓÓ

- g?fNqe j?Boh

w÷d{o dk nfXeko L

ÒÒi' e'Jh th efmB fwjBs Bkb e'Jh th uh÷ g?dk eodk j? T[;B{z fJj dZ;D

d/ tk;s/ fe;/ y[dkJh g?rkw dh ÷o{os BjhA fe g?dk ehsh rJh uh÷ T[go T[;/ dk jh

nfXeko j?.

-okpoN ih fJro;'b

25

26

gzBk 17 (14)

ÒÒb'eK d/ f;o ebw eo fdZs/ ikD B{z sK n;hA fGnzeo wzBd/ jK, go ;kB{z

ihtB T[gozs poeko ofjD tkbh w"s dh T[; fGnzeosk B{z t/yDk BjhA f;ykfJnk

frnk i' rohph ns/ nZfsnkuko d/ okjhA ftnkge nkpkdh s/ E'g fdZsh rJh j?.1-wkoe N[t/B

------0-----

nokiesktkdh L ÒÒaaa ;kfjs dh u'D ftZu nokiesktkdhnK ns/ ftdo'j

GVekT[D tkfbnK B{z th ;EkB fwb iKdk j? ns/ i/eo T[;dhnK e[M uh÷K gkme

B{z wfj÷ r[Z;/ dk gqrNktk jh ikgD, sK th w?A nkyDk ukj[zrk fe fJ;d/ tk;s/

;fjs d/ ;wogs u'D eosk B{z d'ô BjhA d/Dk ukjhdk, fJZE'A sZe fe ouBkeko B{z th

d'ô BjhA d/Dk ukjhdk. T[; B{z (:kBh gkme B{z -;za) y[d nkgD/ nkg B{z jh d'ô d/Dk

ukjhdk j?, fe T[; B/ go;fEshnK dh w"i{drh ftZu w'B Xko fbnk j?, fijBK d/

ofjzfdnK T[;d/ d/ô ;wki d/ b'e gkrbgD ns/ fBokôk dh jZd sZe ik gj[zu/ jB.ÓÓ2-ngNB f;Beb/no , G{fwek 19

eokJh cko i;fN;

------0-------

p[ZYk w÷d{o L ÒÒaaaa T[j (p/o[÷rko p[ZYk w÷d{o) T[wo Bkb, gqkfeosh Bkb

gof;EshnK Bkb i{M fojk ;h, ;wki, ekB{zB ns/ ftt;Ek dk ;kok p'M T[;d/ bJh

Gkoh g?Adk ;h. T[;B{z nkgDk nksw-;BwkB ns/ nk÷kdh rtk d/D s/ w÷p{o eo

fojk ;haaa. T[; B/ ckowK d/ dotk÷/ yVekJ/ ns/ T[j f;oc wB[Zy ftZu jh nSkJh gk

;fenk-ekB{zB ns/ ftt;Ek ftZu BjhA, pbfe f;oc wB[Zy ftZu jh.ÓÓ

-fouov i/coh÷ (80)

27

28

gzBk 18 (15)

rohp w÷d{o L ÒÒaaa ns/ n;hA b'e fijBK B/ fJ; ezw B{z B/go/ ukVB dk phVk

T[mkfJnk, fJ; d[BhnK ftZu e[iks jh oj/. fJZe nzBQh fe;ws, fJZe ftokN p/ofjw

szsq B/ eZN-tZYe/ ;kv/ n;fsst dk YKuk fBoXkos eo fdZsk. n;hA T[; tes

fxqDs j'J/, id'A n;hA ;G s'A tZX T[g:'rh ;K. ;kB{z T[; tes d[seko fdZsk frnk

id'A ;kvh ÷o{os BjhA ;h ns/ ;kB{z T[; tes ft;ko fdZsk frnk id'A ;kv/ T[go

fpgsktK dk gjkV N[fNnk j'fJnk ;h. ;kB{z o'jh phnkpkB pzio ;kc eoB d/ tk;s/,

T[E'A goKj ;kohnK nkfdw fGnzeosktK B{z d{o eoB bJh ns/ T[;d/ ftôt g[oksB

nto'XK B{z N'N/ N'N/ eo ;[ZND d/ tk;s/ G/i fdZsk iKdk. n;hA fiZE/ th ezw eod/, T[E/

fJZe fdB fJZe BtK ôfjo iBw b? b?Adk! ns/ id'A T[j iBw b? jh b? jh fojk j[zdk

sK i/eo ;kv/ ftu'A e'Jh T[E/ ufbnk iKdk sK T[;B{z ÒfpBK fBôus gs/ dk nkdwhÓ

nkye/ cV fbnk iKdk ns/ f;ofcfonk nktkok nkye/ T[; T[go w[eZdwk

ubkfJnk iKdk.

-(g?fNqe w?efrb dh ouBk)

ÒfubvoB nkc dk v?v n?AvÓ ;hai/a 48 ftu'A

----------0---------

B?fsesk L ÒB?fsesk ns/ Xow T[; ftnesh d/ tk;s/ wfji ôpd wkso jB i' o'Nh

o'÷h dk i[rkV eoB d/ bJh rzd/ Bkb/ ftu'A wZSh wkodk j?, ns/ gkb/ dh oks ftZu

eVke/ dh ;hs bfjo s'A puD d/ bJh ;VeK T[Zs/ Y'bK d/ fgZS/ gBkj b?Adk j?.ÓÓ

-j'o/; rqhb/ (128)

-------0------

G[Zy L ÒÒoki/ d/ tk;s/ Y[ZetK fJj j? fe T[;d/ ôk;B ftZu e'Jh th nkdwh mzY ns/

G[Zy s'A ghVs Bk oj/. nkdwh d/ e'b/ id'A fiT{D d/ wkw{bh ;kXB th BjhA ofjzd/ sK

T[j nkgD/ B?fse fwnko B{z poeoko BjhA oZy ;edk.Ó

-e'Ae' j'ôh

(igkB dk p'Xh fGeô{, 14thA ;dh, gza 135)

29

30

gzBk 19 (16)

T[J/ fJB;kB' ! nkyd/ j' wkD Bkb

fe s[;hA Bksh j' ;[szso s/ ;{ow/ fgZsoK d/,

go i/ b?Adk ;kj fJZe th r[bkw Xosh s/

sK eh ;ZuhA w[ZuhA s[;hA j' ;[szso s/ ;{ow/<

i/ s[jkB{z nfj;k; BjhA id'A

p/Vh dod fdzdh j? fJZe GkJh B{z

sK eh ;ZuhA w[ZuhA s[;hA BjhA r[bkw

i' ekfpb BjhA ;[szso j'D d/ <

eh j? T[j ;Zuh w[esh, i' s'V/

÷zihoK pZ; nkgDh ykfso,

ns/ G[bk d/t/ ;zehoD j' e/

fe wkBtsk dk eo÷ j? n;K go <

BjhA, ;Zuh w[esh sK jh id'A n;hA tzvhJ/

;G ÷zihoK i' gfjB/ jB nkgD/ GkJh

ns/ Gkt ns/ eow Bkb i[Ne/

j'JhJ/ j'oK dh w[esh bJh ssgo.

r[bkw sK T[j i' G?n yKd/ B/ nktk÷ p[bzd eoB ftZu

fvZr/ j'J/ ns/ d[opb dh ykfsol

r[bkw sK T[j i' BjhA u[DBr/

fxqDk, vKN ns/ rkbQK

ns/ d[pe e/ w{zj w'VBr/,

;Zu e'b'A, fJ;s/ ;'u ÷o{oh,

r[bkw sK T[j i' fjzws Bk eoB

d' iK fszB th j'D i/ ;Zu d/ jZe ftZu.

-Òi/w÷ o;/b bktb/Ó (gza 189)

31

32

gzBk 2 (17)

Go/ gJ/ jB ;c?d ns/ fBowb nkGk d/ osB xB/o/

;kro dh nBzs nEkj rfjokJh nzdo

fyVd/ jB pE/o/ c[Zb nDd/y/ ôowkT[Ad/ w[oMkT[Ad/ j'J/,

ns/ b[Nk fdzd/ nkgDh ;[rzX p/nkpkd phnkpkB nzdo.

---------0---------

nkftôeko L ni/ sZe fJj ;tkb poeoko j? fe eh ed'A sZe ehs/ rJ/ ;ko/ d/ ;ko/

nkftôeko fe;/ th nkdwh dh fBZs gqsh fdB dh ;ys w[ôeZs Goh f÷zdrh B{z ;"yk

eo ;e/ jB.

-i'an?;afwZb, 199

GhyL ÒÒXosh T[Zgo T[; nkdwh s'A tZX fxqDk:'r ns/ Bøos eoB :'r j'o e'Jh

BjhA j? i' Ghy fdzdk j? ns/ t?;/ jh T[; nkdwh Bkb'A nfXe soe; :'r j'o e'Jh

BjhA j? i' T[;B{z ;theko eodk j?.

-w?f;w r'oeh, gzBk 204

-------0---------

;[szsosk L

n"o w[odk ;oho B"itkBK d/,

T[j ôjhd i' M{b rJ/ cK;h d/ czd/ s'A

T[j fdb i' SbDh j' rJ/ G{o/ ;h;/ s'A,

mzY/ ns/ p/joes i' brd/ B/ ihts B/ feXo/ j'o,

p/o'e s/÷ d/ Bkb.

T[j fiT{Ad/ B/ j'o B"itkBK ftZu, UJ/ oitkfVU.

T[j fiT{Ad/ B/ j'o pzX{iBK ftZu, fco s'A s[jkB{z tzrkoB bJh fsnko.

T[j gftZso j' rJ/ w'j Bkb-

f;Zfyns ns/ nEkj p[bzdhnK sZe T[Zu/.

0

33

34

gzBk 21 (18)

dcB BjhA j[zd/ nk÷kdh s/ woB tkb/

g?dk eod/ B/ w[esh phi, fco j'o phi g?dk eoB B{z

fi;B{z b? iKdh d{o jtk ns/ fco phidh j? ns/ fi;B{z

gkbD g'ôD eod/ jB toyk ib ns/ mzYe.

d/j w[es i' j'Jh nkswk T[;B{z Bk eo ;ed/ fGzB-fGzB

n;so ô;so nZfsnkukoh d/

pbfe j' e/ nfiZs ftuodh Xosh s/, r[Dr[DkT[Adh,

pksK gkT[Adh, u"e; eodh.

(tkbN fjZNw?B, gzBk 268)

-------0------

w[es fuzsB L ÒÒi/ e'Jh nfijh uh÷ j't/ i' ;[szso fuzsB B{z podkôs Bk eo ;e/, sK

T[j ikJ/ YZm/ y{j ftZu.ÓÓ

-ftzv/b fcfbg, gza 271

oki L ÒÒoki døk j' ikJ/! w?A nfij/ fJBebkp ftZu Gkr btKrk. oki dh ;w[Zuh

ntXkoDk dk phi Bkô eo d/t', w[es u'D ns/ nkswe GoZgD Bz{ jh fe;/ J/esk

dhnK fJe wkso ;G s'A tZX wjZstg{oB ôosK j'D dh x'ôDk eo', ns/ sK jh s[;hA

fJZe nfijh nk÷kdh dh ô[o{nks eo'r/ fi;dh e'Jh ;koEesk j't/rh.ÓÓ

-j?Bfoe fJp;B/, gza 273

---------0--------

T[sghVB L ÒÒT[sghVB fBôu/ jh fJZe ;wMdko nkdwh B{z gkrb pDk fdzdk j?.ÓÓ

-(gza278)

35

36

gzBk 22 (19)

ôjhd L i' nkdwh nkgD/ ;kEh fJB;kBK tbA' ehs/ ikD tkb/ nZfsnkuko dk fto'X

eoB d/ :sB ftZu, nkgDh ikB s/ y/vd/ j'fJnK nkgDk ;kok ihtB fBSkto eo

fdzdk j?, T[j ÷po ns/ nfBnK d/ ;orow ns/ r?o;orow ;woEeK dh s[bBk

ftZu fJZe ;zs j?, Gb/ jh T[;d/ fto'X Bkb T[;dh nkgDh f÷zdrh d/ Bkb-Bkb j'o

f÷zdrhnK th feT[A Bk BôN j' iKdhnK j'D. nfij/ ftnesh T[go gfjbK gZEo

T[jh wkoB dk jZedko j' ;edk j? fi;B/ ed/ e'Jh gkg Bk ehsk j't/.

(gza 287)

------0------

j/mbk tor L id'A sZe e'Jh j/mbk tor j?, w?A T[;/ ftZu jh jK.

id'A sZe e'Jh ngokXh nB;o j?, w?A T[;/ ftZu jh jK .

id'A sZe e'Jh i/bQ ftZu e?d j?, w?A nk÷kd BjhA jK.

-:{ihB phav/p; (144)

-------0-------

;G d/ fto[ZX fJZe (ukob; c{ohJ/ L 1772-1837)

w"i{dk ;wkie ftt;Ek fJZe jk;'jhDk szso j?, fi; ftZu ;zg{oD d/ nzô fJ;

;zg{oD d/ fto[X fJZe NeokT[ ftZu ;orow jB. n;hA t/yd/ jK fe ;wki dk jo

fJZe tor, ;otiBe fjZs dh EK s/ jo soQK Bkb, nkgD/ fBZih fjZs nZr/

oZyfdnK j'fJnK, d{i/ torK dh pdfe;wsh dh ehws T[go nkgD/ fjZs dh ekwBk

eodk j?. tehb, yk; s"o s/ XBhnK d/ ftZu w[eZdw/pk÷h ns/ w[eZdfwnK dh

ekwBk eodk j?, vkeNo fpwkoh dh ekwBk eodk j?. i/ jo e'Jh fpBK fpwkoh d/

woB bZr/ sK fJj (vkeNo) t?;/ jh popkd j' ikDr/, fit/A ;ko/ MrV/ nkg;h

rZbpks okjhA jZb j'D bZrD sK tehb Bkekok j' ikDr/. ;?fBe bVkJh ukj[zdk

j?, sK fe T[;d/ nZX/ ;kEh wko/ ikD ns/ T[;dh soZeh :ehBh pD ikt/, nzsw

o;wK eokT[D tkbk ecB dh ekwBk eodk j? L fJiko/dko ns/ iwKy'o, nBki

dhnK ehwsK d[ZrDhnK iK fsZrDhnK eoB d/ bJh nekb ukj[zd/ jB, tk;s{eko,

ekohro, oki fw;soh nZriBh ukj[zd/ jB sK fe ;?AeV/ xo ibe/ G;w j' ikD

ns/ T[jBK dhnK nkgDhnK ôkyktK dk Xzdk uZbdk oj/.

-(gza2 2)0

37

38

gzBk 23 (2 )

BtK f;ZXKs L ;wki-jZfsnk, ftGuko iK mZrh B{z B÷o nzdk÷ eo ;edk j?, go

T[j fJZe Bt/A f;XKs d/ gquko B{z ed/ wkc BjhA eodk.

-co?vfoe j?fo;B/ (gza327)

------0------

nk÷kdh dk fpotk L nk÷kdh d/ p{N/ dk ;w/A ;w/A s/ d/ô GrsK ns/ nZfsnkukohnK

d/ y{B Bkb f;zfink ikDk nktZôe j?. fJj jh fJ;dh e[dosh ykd j?.

-Ekw; i/co;B 2 (gza 332)

-----0------

fôekr' d/ ôjhd L j[D e'Jh Gb/ jh fJj nky/ fe T[;B/ Gkoh rbsh ehsh gozs{ i/

T[jBK dh rbsh d; r[Dk th nfXe tZvh j[zdh sK th fJ;B{z T[;dh e[opkBh wkBt

:kdôesh god/ s'A g{zM jh ;[ZNdh aaaaa

ub' n;hA fJj g{oh soQK wzB b?Ad/ jK fe T[jBK B/ nkgDh B÷o ftZu fto'X dk

i' ;G s'A tXhnk sohek ngDkfJnk, T[;dh XkoBk g{oh soQK rbs ns/ n;zGt ;h

wzB fbnk fe T[jBK B/ ekotkJh dk ;G s'A nZSk o;sk BjhA ngDkfJnk. b/feB

T[j fejVh uh÷ ;h fi;B/ T[jBK B{z w"i{dk ;wkie ftt;Ek d/ fybkc Xktk p'bD

d/ bJh T[e;kfJnk< T[j ns/ j÷koK b'ehA i' T[jBK d/ Bkb T[Zm yVQ/ j'J/, p[o/

nkdwh sK BjhA ;B, fGqôN BjhA ;B, y{B d/ fgnk;/ BjhA ;B, ;zehoD BjhA ;B,

ngokXh BjhA ;B ns/ Bk jh ;tkoEh iK gkrb ;B. sK c/o T[j fejVh uh÷ ;h

fi;B/ n?B/ fsZy/ ns/ rzGho gqshtkd B{z T[e;ktk fdZskaaaa<

fe;/ B/ th fJ; ;ob f;ZXh rZb tZbhA r"o BjhA ehsk fe wB[Zy nkgD/ nkgB{z

fe;/ fto'X d/ tk;s/ fpBK fJ; ftôtk; d/ fJZei[N BjhA eod/ fe e'Jh Bk e'Jh

nfijh uh÷ j? fi;dk T[jBK B/ fto'X eoBk j? ns/ fe fe;/ th ;zrfms ;wki ftZu

ftnkge fto'X fJZe nfijh uh÷ j? i' v{zxh SkDphD dk doeko oZydh j?.

-ukob; n?vtov o;/b(333)

0

39

40

gzBk 24 (21)

fJBebkph dh t;hns

ÒÒw?A nkgD/ d';sK B{z fJj th nkyDk ukj{zrk fe T[j w/o/ ;pzX ftZu xZN s'A xZN uouk

eoBr/ iK fpbe[b jh uouk BjhA eoBr/, feT[Afe id'A nkdwh dh skohc j'D

brdh j? sK T[;B{z fJB;kB dh pikJ/ d/tsk fijk pDk fdZsk iKdk j? ns/ fJj

wkBtiksh d/ GftZy d/ tk;s/ pj[s p[oh rZb j?---. f;oc eowK T[go jh r"o

eoBk ukjhdk j?, T[jBK dh jh skohc iK fBzdk j'Dh ukjhdh j?, ukj/ T[j fe;/ tZb'A

th ehs/ rJ/ j'D, i/eo b'eK B{z fJjBK s'A ;otiBe fjZs d/ tk;s/ gq/oDk fwbdh

ftykJh d/t/ sK T[j fJBQK dh skohc eo ;ed/ jB, b/feB i/ fJj nkw fjZs d/ bJh

jkBhekoe bZrD sK T[j fJBQK dh fBzdk th eo ;ed/ jB sK fe c/o fJjBK dh

;[oihsh Bk j' ;e/.

ÒÒw?A ukj[zrk fe fe;/ th nt;o s/, w/oh epo d/ B/V/ iK d{o, fe;/ th fe;w d/

okiBhse iK Xkowe gqdoôB Bk ehs/ ikD, feT[Afe w?A ;wMdk jK fe wo/ j'J/ d/

tk;s/ you ehs/ ikD tkb/ ;w/A dk fpjso fJ;s/wkb T[jBK b'eK dhnK ihtB

jkbsK B{z ;[XkoB ftZu ehsk ik ;edk j?, fijBK ftu'A pE/fonK B{z fJ;dh Gkoh b'V

j?.ÓÓ

-coKf;;e' c/o/o dh t;hns

(;g/B f;fynk ôkôsoh (1859-1909) fi;B{z Xow g[o'fjsK tb'A pko;hb'Bk

dzfrnK d/ pkd t?o Gkt sfjs fJZe ;kfiô nXhB cK;h d/ fdZsh rJh.)

dkB L ÒÒw/o/ wro nkT[.ÓÓ Jh;k w;hj B/ XBh B"itkB B{z nkfynk. b/feB nkgD/

eko'pko ftZu bZr/ ofjDk ns/ nkgDh e[Zb d"bs B{z dkB-g[zB ftZu bkT[Dk

w[ekpbsB ;"yk ;h. goT[geko jo fJZe :[Zr dk ubD fojk j?, dkB rohph d/

ftdo'jh s/to B{z BôN eo fdzdk j?. fJ; eoe/ goT[gekoh XBtkB nkdwh nkgD/ jh

Bkb d"bswzdK dk jh fjs?ôh j[zdk j? ns/ T[jBK dh nfj;kBwzdh wfj;{; eodk j?,

T[;d/ bJh ;ZG: ;wki d/ ;ko/ dotk÷/ y[Zb/ j[zd/ jB. fJ; tk;s/ T[jBK B/ (:kBh

Jh;k w;hj B/ - ;za) Ghy dkB B{z ;wkie ekfJnk d/ v{zx/ ÷õwK dh wZbQw gZNh d/ o{g

ftZu gqtkBrh d/D s'A fJBeko eo fdZsk. goT[gekoh B{z fBnK d/ fJZe ftebg ti'A

T[jBK B/ ed/ th soihj BjhA fdZsh.

41

42

(gzBk 25 (22))

dkB d'jok nfGôkg (;okg) j? - fJj dksk B{z ;zehoD szrfdbh ns/ gqkgs

eosk B{z Bow fdb pDkT[Adk j?. fJj rohpK dk ;'ôD s'A fes/ tZX B[e;kB eodk j?,

feT[Afe fJj T[jBK B{z b[ZN/ ikD d/ fJS[Ze pDkT[Adk j?. fJj dk; GktBk B{z iBw

fdzdk j?, i' B?fse nksw jZfsnk jh j?. Jh;k w;hj B/ nEkj d"bs d/ tk;s/ f;oc

fJZe jh fJikis fdZsh ;h ns/ T[j fJj ;h fe T[;B{z fJBebkph gquko d/ tk;s/

;wofgs eo fdZsk ikt/, sK fe pkd ftZu nEkj d"bs dk iwQK j'Dk jh jw/ôk d/

bJh n;zGt j' ikt/aaaaaaaa.

-pZe tjkJhN, gkdoh iBw 1870 :{an?;aJ/a gza (353)

-------0---------

w[esh - :[ZX

c"iK dh skes fJZe ftykJh d/D tkbh uh÷ j?

;gZôN, d/ô ekb ftZu e?d

b/feB e"D y'i ;edk j? T[; ôesh dhnK ;hwtK B{z

fijBK B{z fJZe pjkdo iBsk jh gqrN eo ;edh j?

iK ukj/ sK, fSgk ;edh j? - w[esh :[ZX ftZu

GVe T[Zm/ fBnK ;zrs gqsho'X dk - e'Jh g?o fgZSk BjhA eo ;edk

e'Jh nZy BjhA t/y ;eh T[; ikBb/tk irkj B{z

fJZe skes ukj/ sK T[vkD Go/ yzG brke/

gquzv tk:{ dh GKfs, iK ;"t/A wzd tk:{dh GKfs

nkgDh vo"DhnK r[cktK ftZu ;kb -do- ;kb

c?bkT[Adh fwZNh s'A iBw/ fJ; ftuko B{z B/V/ s'A d{o

BjhA B{V ;edh e'Jh th ebk fJ; ;{yw skes B{z

i' c[ZNdh Xosh u'A ibXkok dh GKfs

ns/ gk b?Adh jo e'B/ ftZu fJZe j'Am

i' fJ;dh edo eo/

-vpb:{tov;toE

43

44 45

gzBk 26 (23)

bkJhN fpqr/v dk Xktk

nZXh bhr nZXh bhr

nZXh bhr j'o,

w"s dh xkNh ftZu

e{u eo ub/ S/ ;" tho.

tX/ ub' bkJhN fpqr/v

Go b' pzd{eK. T[j rofink

w"s dh xkNh ftZu

e{u eo ub/ S/ ;" tho.

tX/ ub' bkJhN fpqr/v

eh e'Jh xpokfJnk ;h <

BjhA feT[Afe gsk ;h ;?fBeK B{z

fe;/ B/ eo fdZsh ;h Gkoh G[Zb,

T[jBK dk ezw BjhA ;h T[so d/Dk,

T[jBK dk ezw BjhA ;h ;tkb g[ZSDk,

T[jBK B/ sK ;h pZ; bVBk ns/ wo ikDk

w"s dh xkNh ftZu

e{u eo ub/ S/ ;" tho

s'gK T[jBK d/ ;Zi/ pki{

s'gK T[jBK d/ yZp/ pki{

s'gK T[jBK d/ n?B ;kjwD/

drdhnK ns/ roidhnK

r'bkpkoh d/ MZyV nzdo

tZX ub/ fBvo T[j f;X/

w"s d/ ipkfVQnK ftZu

Boe d/ w{zj d/ nzdo

e{u eo uZb/ S/ ;" tho.

uwekT[Ad/ ;G BzrhnK sbtkoK

jtk ftZu id'A T[jBK B{z bfjokT[Ad/

tZYd/ iKd/ s'guhnK B{z

Xktk eod/ ;?Bk T[go id fe

;kohnK d[BhnK ueokT[Adh

46 47

gzBk 27 (24)

fGV gJ/ s'g d/ X{zJ/A ftZu

tX ub/ s'Ve/ w'ouk

eZ÷ke ns/ o{;h f;gkjh

yk e/ sbtkoK d/ cZN

fGzB-fGzB j' iKd/.

s'gK T[jBK d/ ;Zi/ pki{

s'gK T[jBK d/ yZp/ pki{

s'gK T[jBK dh fgZm d/ fgZS/

drdhnK ns/ roidhnK,

r'bkpkoh d/ MZyV ftZu

Gkt/A fvZr/ x'V/ ns/ BkfJe

c/o n?Bk tXhnk i{M/

fe j' e/ w"s d/ ipkfVnK sZe

gos/ T[j Boe d/ w{zj'A

i' th ;B pu/ ofj rJ/

S/ ;" ftu'A pu/ ofj rJ/!

ed'A j' ;ed? x;w?bk T[jBK dk iZ;<

jkJ/! T[j T[jBK dh p[bzd uVQkJh.

;koh d[BhnK ueokT[Adh.

nkdo, T[j jwb/ B{z

nkdo, bkJhN fpqr/v B{z

ôq/ôN S/ ;" thoK B{z

-bkov N?Bh;B

B'N L gzBk 27 (24) d/ nzs ftZu fJj fszB ô/no T[od{ftZu fby/ j'J/ jB. fJj fe; ôkfJo d/

jB, fJj ;gZôN BjhA j?. j/mK fJj ô/no d¶tBkroh ftZu gq;s[s jB L

fdb d/ s{fJ; fw÷ki ek goto fdrko d/

i' öw dh xVh e' Gh y[ôh ;/ r[÷ko d/

-------0--------

;÷k eo wZ:s-J/-T[whd Bkekwh B/ c{b'A ;/

fe;h jwdod B/ oydh w/o/ N{N/ j{J/ fdb w/A.

--------0--------

S/V Bk n? cfoôs/ ! s{f÷eo/ öw/-ikBK.

feT[A :kd fdbks/ j' G{bk j{nk nc;kBk.

48

gzBk 28 (25)

iBw f;ZX nfXeko L

n;hA ;g{s jK T[jBK fgZsoK d/ fijBK BZehA uD/ upkJ/ ;B

sysK-skiK ns/ ÷'okto d/ nZfsnkuko B{z,

T[jBK tzrkfonk ;h w?dkB/-izr Óu'A ns/ cK;h d/ sys/ s'A

nkgD/ iBw-f;ZX nfXeko d/ bJh n;hA th fJj' jh eoKr/

(i/ae?Agp?b)

--------0------

T[d/ô dh wfjwk L

no/ ! p/eko dh Bcos d/ tk;s/ BjhA,

Bk ;BwkB d/ bJh, Bk jh nkgDh pZb/-pZb/ tk;s/,

pbfe T[d/ô dh wfjwk d/ tk;s/,

ehsk i' s[;hAA, G[bkfJnk BjhA ikT{rk.

(nkoEb ebkr)

-----0------

nkswk dh nwosk L

i/ s[jkB{z e'Jh nfijk nkdwh fwb ikt/ i' nwosk ftZu ftôtk; oZydk j't/,

sK pZ; ;wM bt' fe j[D s[jkvh e'Jh th swzBk pkeh BjhA ofj ikJ/rh, s[;hA

T[;dhnK ;kohnK uh÷K b? ;ed/ j' - i/ s[;hA ukj' sK fiT{Ad/ ih T[;dh yZbQ bkj

;ed/ j' - ns/ T[j fJ; B{z fJedw y[ôh y[ôh bkj[D d/t/rk.

(ngNB f;Beb/no 403) ;haiha

y[dkJh nZfsnkukoh

fJe ikbw ôk;e d/ tk;s/ ÷o{oh j? fe T[j ÷kfjok s"o s/ Xow ftZu

n;kXkoD nk;Ek ftykt/. b'ehA fJZe nfij/ ôk;e d/ d[oftjko d/ gqsh xZN ;[u/s

j[zd/ jB, fi;B{z T[j oZp s'A voB tkbk ns/ gftZso wzBd/ jB d{i/ T[j ;"fynK T[;d/

fto'X ftZu BjhA T[Zmd/, feT[Afe T[jBK B{z ftôtk; ofjzdk j? fe d/ts/ th ôk;e

(oki/) d/ Bkb jB.

49

50

gzBk 29 (26)

;?fBe ns/ fuzsB

ÒÒi/ w/o/ ;?fBe ;'uDk ô[o{ eo d/D, sK c/o T[jBK ftu'A e'Jh th c"i BjhA

oj{rk.ÓÓ

(co?vfoe wjkB) 562

---------0-------------

wo/ ;' ;q/ôN ;{o/L

wko/ rJ/ B/ ;ot ;/qôN ;{o/, dZp fdZs/ rJ/ B/ T[j

u[Zg-ughs/, fJZe o'jh phnkpkB d/ nzdo,

jzM{e'Jh BjhA tr/ T[jBK dh ykfso

p/rkB/ jZEK B/ T[jBK B{z g[uk fdZsk epoK d/ nzdo,

e'Jh ;bhp BjhA, BjhA e'Jh u"Ae, e'Jh ;wkXh b/y BjhA,

i' dZ; ;e/ T[jBK d/ r"otôkbh Bkw.

xkj T[Zr ojh j? T[jBK T[Zs/, fJZe wohnb fijh gZsh

M[eh j'Jh, ikDdh j? fJ; ojZ; B{z,

pZ; fJZe wkso rtkj ;B ô{edhnK bfjoK

i' gquzv tko eodhnK B/ sZN T[Zs/,

b/feB T[j gquzv bfjoK th BjhA g[uk ;edhnK

nbftdk d/ ;zd/ô

T[jBK d/ d{o d[o/v/ xoK sZe.

(than?BafcrBo)

-----0-------

e?dykBk L

ÒÒsko BjhA, d/ô BjhA, ekb BjhA

mjokt BjhA, pdbkt BjhA, B/eh BjhA, pdh BjhA

pbfe u[Zg uKd ns/ fJZe p/ikB ;kj

i' Bk ihtB dh, Bk w"s dh

(dk fgqiBo nkc fub'B)

51

52

gzBk 3 (27)

d'ô-f;ZX j' ikD d/ pkd L

nkgDh ;÷k ;[D b?D d/ c"oB pknd d/ gbK ftZu ;÷k d/ bJh d'ôh ftnesh

dk fdwkr eJh wknfDnK ftZu T[; nkdwh tork j' iKdk j? i' w"s d/ ezY/ s/ M{b

fojk j[zdk j?. u[Zg-ukg, ns/ ;wM' nzso gq/fos j' e/ j[D T[j T[jBK ;G uh÷K s'A

fBow'jh j' iKdk j? fijBK B{z T[;B/ SZv e/ ikDk j? ns/ T[j fdqV-fuZs Bkb, nkgD/

;kjwD/ t/yfdnK j'fJnK, T[; ;ukJh d/ gqsh g{oh soQK ;[u/s j' iKdk j?, i' bk÷wh

jh tkgoB tkbh j[zdh j?.

(than?BafcrBo)

--------0--------

e?dh L

ÒÒx[ND j[zdh j? fJ; BhthA, rzdh SZs d/ j/mK,

B[ZuVdh ik ojh j? w/oh skes ;kb do ;kb,

T[sghVs eod/ B/ w?B{z - fJj gEohbk coô,

fJj b'j/ dhnK iz÷hoK Bkb pzBQh w/÷

fJj wzih, fJj e[o;h ieVh j'Jh iz÷hoK ftZu

ezX d/ Bkb skp{s d/ gNfVnK dh GKfs,

fJ; fuo ;EkJh bkuko w[odk ykw'ôh nzdo

y[d B{z p; fJZe bkô jh ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?.ÓÓ

ÒÒn?BaJ/aw'o'÷'tÓÓ

--------0-------

BzrhnK dhtkoK, i/bQ d/ fynkbks

fezB/ nzfXnko/ ns/ T[dk; j' s[;hA

fezBk w[ôeb j? fe e?dh pD p/joes ofjDk,

ns/ t/yD/ ;[cB/ nk÷kdh d/ fdBK d/.

(w'o'÷'t)

0

53

54

gzBk 31 (28)

joh uh÷ J/E/ j? fezBh ykw'ô, p/÷kB, fcZeh

;kb r[÷o iKd/ B/ T[AM jh, e[M gsk BjhA bZrdk,

jcs/ ns/ fdB bzzxd/ B/ pj[s w[ôeb d/ Bkb,

fdzdk j? f;oc p'ohns fJjBK dk fJj f;bf;bk

(w'o'÷'t)

--------0-------

bzph e?d Bkb ;kv/ fynkb pD iKd/ B/ wBj{;,

GkohgD wfj;{; j[zdk j? ;kvhnK jZvhnK ftZu,

s;hfjnK dh Nh; Bkb, bwj/ bZrd/ B/ nzsjhD,

uko vr u"Vh fJ; e'mVh ftZu.

---------0--------

n;hA fiT{Dk j? g{oh soQK nkgD/ jw;co GkJhnK dh ykfso,

;kB{z d/Dk j'T{rk nkgDk ;G jh e[M T[jBK dh ykfso,

ns/ T[jBK dh jh ykfso bVBk j'T{rk pdB;hph d/ fybkc!

(w'o'÷t)

------0-----

nkJ/ w?B{z nk÷kd eoB L

nkfyo b'e nkJ/ w?B{z nk÷kd eoB

w?A BjhA g[ZfSnk feT[A ns/ Bk ;'funk feZE/

w/o/ bJh sK e[Zb fwbke/ fJe jh ;h

pzB/Q ofjDk iK pzXB w[es j'Dk,

w?A fBokôk Bkb fgnko eoBk f;Zy fbnk ;h,

ns/ fJ; soQK nkfõo id'A T[j gqrN j'J/

ns/ bkj ;[ZN/ w/o/ ;ko/ pzXB,

fJj Gkoh dhtkoK pD u[ZehnK ;B w/o/ tk;s/,

fJZe ;zfBnk; nkôow g{oh soQK nkgDk

(dk fgqiBo nkø fub'B)

55

56

gzBk 32 (29)

ÒÒns/ n;hA ;BwkBs ehs/ rJ/ jK fJZe fwôB d/ e/!

n;hA fJZe emB ;e{b gk; ehsk j?, b/feB jk;b eo fbnk

T[Zuk frnkB.

i/bQ ns/ w[ôeb fdBK dh pd"bs

n;hA ikD rJ/ jK ns/ w[Zb ;wMd/ jK ;ukJh ns/ nk÷kdh dh d[BhnK dkÓÓ

(fgqiBo nkc ôb{;/bpor)

--------0--------

fJZe pZu/ dh w"s ns/ ghVk

ÒfJZe pZuk g?dk j'fJnk. T[;B/ ;[u/s s"o s/ Bk sK e'Jh p[ok ezw ehsk, Bk

nZSk ezw ehsk. T[j fpwko j' frnk, T[j bzp/ no;/ sZe ekch eôN G'rdk fojk,

T[d'A sZe id'A sZe fe T[j n;fj d[Zy Bkb wo BjhA frnk. feT[A < eh tikj ;h<

dkoôfBe d/ tk;s/ fJj fJZe ;dhth p[Mkos j?.Ó

-------0-------

fJZe fJBebkph d/ fdwkr dh pBktN L

ÒÒi' ftnesh ed/ th Jh;k w;hj d/ ihtB s'A gqGkt fojk j?, fijBK B/ fJZe

nkdoô d/ BK s/ ghVk, ngwkB ns/ w"s B{z gqDkfJnk j?, fi; B/ T[jBK B{z ed/ fJZe

nkdoô ns/ T[jBK d/ ihtB B{z nwo gq/w dh w{osh wzfBnk j?. T[jh T[; fJBebkph

d/ fdwkr dh pBktN ;wM ;edk j? fi;B{z ;÷k fdZsh rJh j?, ns/ iBsk dh

nk÷kdh d/ tk;s/ ezw eoB d/ i[ow ftZu fiT[Ad/ jh epo ftZu rZv fdZsk frnk

j?.ÓÓ

(t/okan?BafcrBo)

--------0------

nfXeko L

nfXeko wzrD Bkb BjhA, nZr/ tXe/ b? bt'. ns/ T[jBK fe;/ B{z th s[jkB{z

d/D Bk d/t'. i/ w[cs ftu s[jkB{z e'Jh nfXeko fdZsk iKdk j? sK ;wM' fe T[; ftZu

e'Jh Bk e'Jh ok÷ ÷o{o j?. f÷nkdk ;zGktBk fJj jh j? fe fe;/ rbs rZb B{z T[bNk

fdZsk frnk j?.

57

58

gzBk 33 (3 )

e'Jh d[ôwD BjhA <

s[;hA nkyd/ j', s[jkvk e'Jh d[ôwD BjhA<

nc;';! w/o/ d';s, fJ; ô/yh ftZu dw BjhA<

i' ôkfwb j[zdk j? co÷ dh bVkJh ftZu

fi;B{z pjkdo bfVnk jh eod/ B/,

T[;d/ d[ôwD j'fJnk jh eod/ B/. i/ BjhA jB s[jkv/

sK T[j ekoi sK s[ZS j?, i' s[;hA ehsk j?.

s[;] fe;/ rdko d/ u{eD/ s/ tko Bj] ehsk j?

s[;hA M{mhnK e;wK ykD tkb/ d/ j'mK s'A ikw BjhA y'fjnk j?,

s[;hA ed/ fe;/ rbsh B{z do[;s BjhA ehsk j?,

s[;hA sK ekfJo jh pD/ oj/ bVkJh ftZu.

(ukob; w"e/, 747)

pkb w÷d{oh L

fuVh dk p'N fuVh B{z u'rk BjhA u[rkT[Adk,

u{uk w[orh B{z u'rk BjhA ytkT[Adk

fpZbh dk pb{zrVk fpZbh ykfso u{j/ BjhA wkodk

fJj tvZgD sK f;oc wB[Zy B{z jh B;hp j?

n;hA ;G s'A p[ZXhwkB, ;G s'A pbtkB B;b jK

n;hA ekfpb/ skohc jK.

fJZe wkso fizdk gqkDh

i' fiT{Adk j? nkgD/ pZfunK dh fwjBs T[go.

(ôkob'N gkofeBi frbw?B)

0

59

60

gzBk 34 (31)

e'Jh tor BjhA ! e'Jh ;wM"sk BjhA !!!

(ikoi vhaj/o;B)

;wkitkdh nzd'bB d/ d"okB fJZe nfijk tes nk fojk j? ns/ ;zGt j?, T[j

tes nk u[Zfenk j?, id'A ;[Xo/ j'J/ jkbks iK ;wK tZX T[÷osK w÷d{oK dhnK wzrK

dk itkp BjhA ofj ikDrhnK ns/ T[d'A fJj uh÷K ;kXkoD p[ZXh d/ tk;s/ fJZe

ngwkB d/ fJbktk j'o e[M th ;kfps BjhA j'DrhnK. nZi d[BhnK Go ftZu fijVk

;wkitkdh nzd'bB uZb fojk j? T[j p/jso T[÷osK, ;[XohnK j'JhnK g{zihtkdh

;j{bsK iK g{zihtkdh w[Bkc/ ftu'A fjZ;k tzvkT[D d/ bJh BjhA ub fojk j?, fJj ub

fojk j? T[iosK d/ w[Bkc/ d/ yksw/ tk;s/ ns/ g{zihtkdh s/ fBZih g{zihgshnK dh

;zgsh d/ tk;s/. ;[XohnK j'JhnK okiBhse ;z;EktK, g{zih ns/ w÷d{oh d/ ftZu

;wM"sk eokT[D tkbhnK gqhôdK goT[geko ns/ ftô/ô nfXeko i' g{zihgshnK dh

Ghy d/ f;tkJ/ j'o e[M BjhA jB -fJjBK ftu'A e'Jh th uh÷ T[; ;tkb dk itkp

BjhA d/ ;edh i' wzdoK , ;Zsk d/ f;zxk;DK ns/ ;z;dK B{z eKpk ukV fojk j?. i' b'e

dZp/ e[ub/ jB ns/ i' b'e T[jBK d/ w'fYnK s/ uVe/ nZr/ tX/ j'J/ jB, j[D fJBQK

d'tK d/ ftZu e'Jh nwB u?B BjhA ofj ;edk. j[D torK d/ ftZu e'Jh w/b fwbkg

BjhA j' ;edk, j[D sK torK dk nzs jh j' ;edk j?. id'A sZe gfjbK fJB;kc Bk

j't/, T[d'A sZe ;dGktBk dh rZb eoBk p/j{dk ô'o-r[Zb j?, ns/ id'A sZe fJ;

d[BhnK dk fBowkD eoB tkfbnK dk nkgDh fwjBs T[Zs/ nfXeko Bk j't/, T[d'A

sZe fJB;kc dh rZb eoBk c÷{b j?. d[BhnK d/ w÷d{oK dh wzr dk itkp T[jBK dh

fwjBs dh ;w[Zuh ewkJh d/ fJbktk j'o e[M BjhA j' ;edk.

(ikoi vha j/o;B)

61

62

gzBk 35 (32)

gz{ihtkd dh popkdhnK

nk;No/bhnk ;pzXh nkofEe nB[wkB fEUv'o joN÷dk (1886) d[nkokL jo

fJZe NZpo L 40 tor c[ZN ftZu 5 ewfonK tkbk wekB 50 ;kbK sZe uZbD :'r.

w÷d{oK dh ezw eoB dh T[wo &16-50 (toQ/-;z)

fJ; soQK ;kv/ e'b jB 5,000,000 (w÷d{o-;z)

615,000 w÷d{oK dh fwjBs&fwjBs dk 12a3 gqshôs 22,000,000 b'eK

dk G'iB g?dk eoB d/ bJh ekch j?.

nktkikJh - gfotjB dh fwjBs bkrs ;w/s, ftô/ôsktK j/m f;oc

315,000 &6a33 gqshôs w÷d{oK dh fwjBs dh b'V g?Adh j?.

fJ;dk wsbp fJj j'fJnk fe T[gbZpX fwjBs dk 20 gqshôs jh ;w[Zu/

wjKdhg d/ gkbD-g'ôD d/ bJh ekch j?. pkeh 80 gqshôs ;wki dh g{zihtkdh

ftt;Ek d/ ekoB ;'fôs ns/ popkd j' iKdk j?.

63

64

gzBk 36 (33)

÷koôkjh ;kôB ns/ p'bôfte ôkôB

pq?ihno jzN nkydk j? fe p'bfôteK B/ nkgD/ ôkôB d/ gfjb/ u"dK wjhfBnK

ftZu 4500 b'eK B{z w"s dh ;÷k fdZsh fijBK ftu'A tZX ifDnK dk i[ow u'oh ns/

;ZN/pkih ;h.

1905 d/ fJBebkp d/ pkd, ÷ko d/ wzsoh ;s"bhgB B/ pkoQK wjhfBnK d/ nzdo

32773 b'eK B{z w"sdh ;÷k fdZsh ;h.

(gza 390 pok; u?e)

-------0-------

65

66

gzBk 37 (34)

;wkfie ;z;EktK dk ;EkJhgD

ÒÒjo fJZe ghVQh d/ GowK ftu'A fJZe Gow fJj j? fe T[j fijBK ;wkfie

;z;EktK d/ sfjs fiT[A ojh j?, T[j e[M yk; wknfDnK ftZu ÒÒgqkfeqseÓÓ npdb

ns/ ;EkJh jB. fco th nDfrDs j÷koK tfoQnK nzdo, ;wkfie ;z;EktK fBozso

g?dk j[zdhnK ojhnK jB, ftek; eodhnK ojhnK jB, gsBôhb j[zdhnK ojhnK jB

ns/ ;w/A d/ nB[o{g ntZôesktK d/ nB[e{b d{ihnK j'o p/jso ;z;EktK okjh

ft;Ekgs ehshnK iKdhnK ojhnK jB. aaaa. j[D ;tkb fJj BjhA j? fe ;kvh

w"i{dk ;ZfGnsk pdb{rh iK BjhA, pbfe fJj j? fe T[j fe; soK pdb{rh<

fJj uzrh soQK ;'u/ ftuko/ nB[e{bB d/ okjhA, f;bf;b/tko ns/ u[Zg ukg

fJZe BtK o{g b? ;edh j?. iK, i/eo nB[e{bD dh EK s/ e'Jh T[ro gqsho'X T[Zm yVk

j[zdk j? sK fJj Xwke/ d/ Bkb spkj j' ;edh j?, ns/ wkBt iksh B{z ;wkfie

nokiesk ns/ nftt;Ek dh nt;Ek d/ j/mb/ gZXo s'A fJZe BthA ;ZfGnsk d/

fBowkD dh eôNdkfJe f÷zw/tkoh ;"Ag ;edh j?, fi; ftZu fgSbh ftt;Ek dhnK

f;oc p[okJhnK jh BjhA, pbfe T[;dhnK G"fse, p"fXe ns/ B?fse T[gbpXhnK th

BjhA ofjDrhnK.ÓÓ

-ghankJhafve/a nkc e?Ag f;ftbkJhi/ôB

67

68

gzBk 38 (35)

g{zihtkd ns/ tDitkd L

ikgkBh ftfdnkoEhnK dh fJZe fJeZsosk ftZu okftzdo BkE dk GkôD L

ÒÒikgkB nzdo s[jkvk T[d:'r ;h, T[j fezB/ ÷[zw/tkokBk Gkt Bkb fJwkBdko

ns/ ;Zuk ;h, fi;B{z s[;hA fJ;d/ T[sgkdK s'A -T[jBK d/ fwnko ns/ skdkd s'A

S'NhnK S'NhnK uh÷K gqsh T[jBK d/ r"o eoB s'A ikD ;ed/ j', fijBK T[go ôkfJd

jh e'Jh Nhek fNgDh ehsh ik ;e/. gozs{s[jkvh Xosh s/ M{m dh fJZe bfjo d[BhnK

d/ T[; Gkr s'A tfje/ nk u[Zeh j? fiE/ ftT[gko f;oc ftT[gko j? ns/ fJwkBdkoh B{z

f;oc ;G s'A nZSh Bhsh wzfBnk iKdk j?. eh s[jkB{z ed/ ôow BjhA wfj;{; j[zdh, id'A

s[;hA T[jBK tgkoe ftfrnkgBK B{z t/yd/ j', i' f;oc ;w[Zu/ ôfjoh y/so B{z jh M{m

ns/ nZseEBhnK Bkb BjhA gkV oj/ jB, pbfe T[jBK jo/ Go/ g/Av{y/soK T[go th

Xktk p'bd/ ik oj/ jB, fiZE/ fe;kB fJwkBdkoh Bkb fwjBs eod/ jB ns/ T[jBK

gjkVh u'NhnK B{z th nkgDk fBôkBk pDkJh ik oj/ jB, i' ;[pkj dh gfjbh fBowb

feoD dk ;tkrs eodhnK jB < nkgDhnK GZdhnK ;÷ktK dh poposk d/ Bkb

T[j tDitkd ;w[Zuh wkBtsk tk;s/ fJZe fGnkBe wjK-nkcs j? feT[Afe fJj

gqthBsk d/ T[go skes d/ nkdoô dk no'gD eo fojk j?. fJj nkgDh Bzrh p/ôowh

d/ Bkb nkgD/ Óu jh wrB ofjD dh nkds B{z r"otwJh pDk fojk j?. fJ;dhnK

joesK fjz;e jB ns/ fJ;dk ô'o-ôokpk p/;[ok feofeok j?. fJj nkgD/ jh ;opBkô

tZbhA tX fojk j? feT[Afe fJj T[jh wkBtsk B{z doV e/ eo{g pDk fojk j?aaa fi;

T[go T[j y[d yVQk j?.

69

70

(gzBk 39 (36)

fJj nkBzd d/ w[Zb T[Zs/ XB g?dk eoB dh fJZe ;ys w[ôZes ftZu i[fNnk j'fJnk j?.

:{og dh w"i{dk ;ZfGnsk dh w[Zy fJZSk fJj jh j? fe ô?skB T[go T[;dk jh fJZe

wkso nfXeko j't/.

-------0---------

g{zihtkdh ;wki

ÒÒokiBhse noE ôk;so dh ;G s'A tZvh ;ukJh fJj j? fe jo e'Jh :Ek ;zGt

xZN s'A xZN fsnkr eoe/ ftneshrs d"bs gqkgs eo b?Dk ukj[zdk j?.ÓÓ

-Bk;?B ;hBhno

71

72

gzBk 4 (37)

Xow d/ pko/ ekob wkoe; dk fdqôNhe'D

wB[Zy Xow B{z pDkT[Adk j?, Xow wB[Zy B{z BjhA pDkT[Adk. Xow tk;st ftZu

wB[Zy dh jh ;t?-u/sBk ns/ ;t?-GktBk j?, fi; B/ iK sK ni/ sZe nkgD/ nkg B{z

;wfMnk jh BjhA j?, iK (i/ nkgD/ nkg Bz{;wM th fbnk j? sK) nkgD/ nkg B{z fco s'A

rztk fbnk j?, b/feB nkdwh e'Jh nfijh nw{os ;Zsk BjhA j? i' d[BhnK s'A pkjo

feXo/ gkbEh wkoh p?mh j't/. wB[Zy dh d[BhnK wB[ZyK, oki ;wki dh d[BhnK j?. fJj

oki, fJj ;wki Xow g?dk eodk j?. fJZe T[bN ;z;ko u/sBk g?dk eodk j?, feT[Afe

fJj y[d fJZe T[bNh d[BhnK j?. Xow J/;/ d[BhnK dk fJZe ;kXkoDhfeqs f;XKs j?,

fJ;dk ftôte'ôh ;ko ;zrqfj j?, fJZe b'efgq: o{g ftZu d[BhnK d/ fto[ZX fJZe gqsZy

bVkJh j? fi;dh nksfwe ;[zrX Xow j?. fJ;dk soe j?aaa. fJ; bJh Xow d/ fto[ZX

;zxoô T[; d[BhnK d/ fto[ZX fJZe gqsZy ô[o{nks j? fi;dh nksfwe ;[rzXh Xow j?.

0

73

74

gzBk 41 (38)

Xow d[yh gqkDh dh nkj j?, fJZe gZEo fdb d[BhnK dk fdb j?, mhe t?;/ jh

fit/A fe fJj nkswjhD go;fEshnK dh nkswk j?. fJj b'eK d/ tk;s/ nchw j?.

b'ehA tk;st ftZu T[d'A sZe ;[yh BjhA j' ;ed/ id'A sZe fe T[j Xow dk

c;sk tZY e/ fJ;d/ fwZfEnk ;[Zy s'A S[Nekok BjhA gk b?Ad/. fJj T[whd j? fe b'e fJ;

fwqrfsqôBk s'A nkgD/ nkg B{z y[d nkgDh jh jkbs d/ ykfso w[es eoB, fJj

T[whd j? fe T[j T[; jkbs dk fsnkr eoB fi;B{z fJ; fwqr fsqôBk dh ÷o{os j[zdh

j?.

nkb'uBk dk jfEnko, jfEnkoK dh nkb'uBk dh EK BjhA b? ;edk. G"fse

ôeshnK B{z fBôus o{g ftZu G"fse ôeshnK tb'A jh T[ykfVnk ikDk ukjhdk j?,

b/feB f;XKs th id'A iB ;w[dkfJnK ftZu ou-fwu iKdk j? sK fJZe G"fse ôesh

pD iKdk j?.

75

76

gzBk 42 (39)

fJBebkp :{N'ghnkJh BjhA

fJZe w{bgotosBtkdh fJBebkp, :kBh wkBtiksh dh nkw w[esh,

iowBh d/ tk;s/ ;[gBk BjhA j?, :{N'ghnkJh sK fJZe nzfôe, fJZe ftô[ZX okiBhse

fJBebkp dh XkoDk j[zdh j?, i'(g{zihtkdh ftt;Ek g-;a) fJwkos d/ EwfbnK B{z

yfVnK SZv d/t/rh.

-------0---------

ÒÒwjkB fJ; eoe/ wjkB j? feT[Afe

n;hA r'fvnK goB/ jK

nkU T[me/ yV/ j'JhJ/.ÓÓ

77

78

gzBk 43 (4 )

oki d/ ;zpzX ftZu jopoN ;g?A;o dk fdqôNhe'D

ÒÒGb/ jh fJj ;Zu j't/ iK Bk j't/ fe wB[Zy fBjebze g?dk j'fJnk ns/ gkg

ftZu fbgs j' frnk, gozs{fJj gZe/ s"o s/ ;Zu j? fe ;oeko dk iBw jwbktoK s'A

jwfbnK d/ okj] j'fJnk.@

wB[Zy ns/ wB[Zy iksh L

w?A fJZe wB[Zy jK

ns/ T[jBK ;kohnK uh÷K Bkb w/ok ;o'eko j? i' wB[Zy iksh B{z gqGkfts

eodhnK jB.

-šo'wB BkNeeko@

fJzrb?Av dh ;fEsh dh ;wfynk L

šGb/ b'e', fJzrb?Av ftZu jkbks T[d'A sZe uzr/ Bj] j' ;ed/, id'A sZe

uzfrnkJhnK nkw Bj] j' iKdhnK ns/ id'A sZe ;ZiD b'eK d/ Bkb d[oiB b'e th

fiT[Ad/ ofjzd/ jB. T[j fijBK B{z n;] bkov nkyd/ jK, fe; nfXeko Bkb ;kv/ s'A

wjkB jB< fe; nkXko Bkb T[j fJ;d/ ekfpb pD/ jB< T[j feT[A ;kB{z G{-dk;

pDke/ oZyh p?m/ jB< i/ n;] ;ko/ fJZe jh pkg ns/ wK, nkdw ns/ j"tk dhnK

;zskBK jK, sK T[j fJj fet/A f;ZX eod/ jB fe T[j ;kv/ Bkb' wjkB iK p/jso jB<

nro T[j nkgD/ bkG d/ tk;s/ ;kv/ e'b'A fwjBs Bj] eotkT[Ad/ sK T[j nkgDh

ôkB-ô"es ftZu eh you eod/< T[j y[d sK yhBykø gfjBd/ jB ns/ nkgD/ nkg

B{z coe'NK ns/ ôkjh row d[ôkfbnK ftZu fBZxk oZyd/ jB, id'A fe n;] bhoK

bg/Nh fcod/ jK. T[jBK d/ e'b'A sK ôokp, epkp, bZisdko ykDk s/ vpb o'Nh j?,

ns/ ;kv/ e'b/ i"A d/ ;Zs{, ;kr ns/ gkDh. T[jBK d/ e'b/ c[o;s jh c[o;s j? ns/

nkbhôkB xo th ns/ ;kv/ e'b/ j? eôN ns/ w[ôZes, y/sK ftZu pkoô ns/ MZyV,

c/o th fJj ;kvh fwjBs jh j? fi;d/ f;o Ós/ T[j oki eo oj/ jB.

- cokfJo nkc tkN N/boi fop?b

0

79

80

gzBk 44 (41)

fJBebkp ns/ tor

;ko/ d/ ;ko/ tor ;Zsk jkf;b eoB dh ykfso fJBebkph jh j[zd/ jB, ns/

pokposk dhnK rZbK eod/ jB ns/ ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ tor ;Zsk gqkgs eo b?Ad/ jB sK

;zehoDsktkdh pD iKd/ jB ns/ wzB b?Ad/ jB fe pokposk fJZe ozrhB ;[øBk Go

j?, ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ tor f;oø fJZe B{z - w÷d{o tor B{z SZve/, feT[Afe fit/A ekws/ B/

fejk j?, š;Zu fejk ikt/ sK w÷d{o tor fJZe tor j[zdk jh Bj], pbfe T[j sK

;wki d/ ;w{j dk ;zxNe j[zdk j?.@ b/feB w÷d{o tor dk tes, :kBh ;ko/ b'eK d/

fJZe j' ikD dk tes ni/ th Bj] nkfJnk j?.

štobv fj;Noh cko toeo÷@ gza 47, nbco?v pkoNB feqs

81

82

gzBk 45 (42)

;o j?Boh w?B B/ nkfynk j? L

šfJzrb?Av dh pj[sh G{wh tehbK dh rbsh Bkb fJ;d/ w"i{dk wkbeK d/

jZEK ftZu ubh rJh-fijBK rbshnK d/ gfoDkw ;o{g S'N/ S'N/ ngokXhnK B{z th

cK;h dh ;÷k d/ fdZsh rJh j?.@

šekB{zB w[ifow eoko fdzdk j? T[; g[oô iK n"os B{z

i' u[okT[Ad/ B/ nkw nkdwh dhnK w[orhnK,

b¶feB SZv fdzdk j? tZv/ ngokXhnK B{z

i' u[ok b?Ad/ B/ w[orhnK e'b'A nkw nkdwh B{z jh .@

83

84 85

gzBk 46 (43)

b'eszso

b'eszso, f;XKse s"o s/, okiBhse ns/ ekB{zBh ;wkBsk dh fJZe

gqDkbh j?, b/feB m'; ns/ fttjkoe ekotkJh ftZu, fJj fwZfEnk j?, feT[Afe e'Jh

;wkBsk T[d'A sZe Bj] j' ;edh, fiZE'A sZe fe okiBhsh ftZu ns/ ekB{zB d/ ;kjwD/

th Bj], id'A sZe fe nkoEe ôesh ftZu n;wkBsk w{zj nZvh poeoko oj{rh, id'A

sZe fe ;ZskXkoh tor w÷d{oK d/ o'÷rko T[Zs/, d/ô dh gq?; ns/ ;e{bK T[Zs/ b'e

okJ/ fsnko eoB ns/ ;t?-gqrNkt/ d/ ;ko/ ;kXBK T[Zgo nkgDk nfXeko iwkJh

oZy{rk, id'A sZe fe fJj ;ko/ f;fyns ;toiBe ekoiekoh ;zrmBK T[Zs/ nkgDk

J/ekfXeko pDkJh oZy[rk, ns/ u'DK B{z gqGkts eoB d/ bJh p/ô[wko d"bs you

eodk oj{rk, id'A sZe fe ekB{zB ;ZskXkoh tor d[nkok pDkJ/ iKd/ ofjDr/ ns/

ndkbsK ftZu J/;/ tor d/ w?Apo u"Xo ubkT[Ad/ ofjDr/, id'A sZe fe tehb

gqkJht/N g?eNhôBo pD/ ofjDr/ ns/ nkgDh ekB{zBh w[jkos dk j[ZBo ;G s'A tZX

ch; d/D tkb/ B{z t/ud/ ofjDr/, ns/ ndkbsh ekotkJh seBheh ns/ wfjzrh pDh

oj/rh, T[d'A sZe ekB{zB d/ ;kjwD/ fJj nkw wkso dh ;wkBsk th fJZe y'ybk

w÷ke jh pDh oj{rh.

fJZe g{zihtkdh ftt;Ek ftZu, b'eszso dh g{oh wôhBoh, pj[ ;zfyne

w÷d{o tor B{z ghVs eoe¶, ;ZskXkoh nbg ;zfyne tor B{z ;Zsk oZyD dk ezw

eodh j?, ns/ id'A sZe p[oi{nk ;oeko B{z b'e szsfoe ;z;EktK s'A ysok wfj;{;

j[zdk j?, T[d'A sZe nfijhnK ;z;EktK B{z ne;o pVh p/ofjwh d/ Bkb e[ub fdZsk

iKdk j?.

šcokw wkoe; N{b?fBB@

(wkfo; fjbethN ofus) (gza 58)

b'eszso šjo/e tor iK gkoNh Bkb ;zpzfXs jo/e ftnesh d/ tk;s/

;wkB nfXeko ns/ ;ko/ okiBhse nfXekoK ftZu Gkrhdkoh@ :ehBh Bj]

pDkT[Adk (ekT[;seh). fJj sK w"i{dk nkofEe n;wkBsktK d/ bJh y[Zb/

okiBhse ns/ ekB{zBh y/v dh fJ÷k÷s fdzdk j?aaaaaa. fJ; gqeko g{zihtkd d/

nzsors b'eszso ;kXkoD nw{os b'eszso Bj] pbfe ftô/ô p[oi{nk

b'eszsoaaaa iK fit/A fe b?fBB B/ fJ;B{z Bkw fdZsk j? - p[oi{nk tor d/ bJh

b'eszso j[zdk j?.

86

gzBk 47 (44)

fJBebkp ôpd dh gfoGkôk

šfJBebkp dh ntXkoBk B{z fJ; ôpd dh g[b;hnk ftnkfynk d/ noE ftZu

:kBh jfEnkopzd ftdo'j d/ noE ftZu Bj] b?Dk ukjhdk. i/ fe;/ gkoNh d/ e'b d{i/,

xZN youhb/, ns/ w[ekpbsB tZX ;[oZfyne sohe/ fJ;s/wkb eoB dh r[zikfJô j?,

ns/ sK th T[j f;XKs d/ Bks/ ftdo'j dk jh sohek ngDkT[Adh j?, sK T[;B{z gkrb jh

nkfynk ikt/rk. nfijk fJj f;oø J/;/ noE ftZu j? fe fJj fJ; rZb B{z wzBdk j? fe

id'A fJ;B{z okiBhse ;Zsk jkf;b j' ikJ/rh, sK fJj fJ;dh tos'A toswkB ftt;Ek

B{z fNekJh oZyD tkbh T[sgkdB-gqDkbh B{z ysw eoB d/ fJbktk ns/ fe;/ we;d d/

bJh Bj] eo/rk.@

šekob ekT{N;eh@

;z:[es oki nwohek d/ pko/ e[ZM sZE ns/ nzeV/

5 nkdwh 1000 b'eK bJh o'Nh g?dk eo ;ed/ jB

1 nkdwh 250 b'eK bJh ;{sh egVk g?dk eo ;edk j?

1 nkdwh 300 b'eK bJh T{Bh eZgVk g?dk eo ;edk j?

1 nkdwh 1000 b'eK bJh p{N ns/ i[ZshnK g?dk eo ;edk j?

-nkfJoB jhb (3a78)

15,000,000 b'e p/jZd rohph (ftZu) fiT[ oj/ jB i' nkgDh fwjBs

;woZEk B{z th Bj] pDkJh oZy ;ed/ .

3,000,000 pkb w÷d{o.

d[pkok c/o fJzrb?Av

:[ZX-g{ot nB[wkB

fJzrb?Av dk e[b T[sgkdB (jo ;kb) £ 2000,000,000

ftd/ôh fBt/ôK s'A bkG £ 200,000,000£ 2200,000,000

iB;zfynk d/ 1$9t/A Gkr B/

b? fbnk 1$2 & £ 1100,000,000

iB;zfynk d/ 2$9t/A Gkr B/

b? fbnk & £ 1100,000,000

pkeh dk 1$3 noEks & £ 300,000,000

(t/ot/ dk pkeh fjZ;k cfNnk j'fJnk - ;za)

87

88

gzBk 48 (45)

fJzNoB?ôBb

bfjoK pD T[Zm' G[ZyK d/ fbskfVU! Xosh dk ;kok d[Zy ghD tkfbU !

pZMhnK Bk ofjD fJj otkfJs bVhnK, T[Zm' t/ r[bkwh dhnK s'V' eVhnK .

feosK dk ÷'o i[Zf;nK Óu Goe/, b[ZN dk fJj oki iVQK s'A T[ykfVU .

p[ZYk j' g[okDk YKuk id'A EzwQdk, T[jB{z s'V BtK ;z;ko izwdk.

BtK s/ T[;ko{ iZr ouD/ bJh, rbh ;Vh jo uh÷ B{z BekfoU .

BthnK jh BhjK s/ T[;ko j'T{rk, ;kok iZr ;kvk gfotko j'T{rk .

b'N{nK d/ jZEK B/ s[jkE'A y'fjnk i', ;G j'T{ s[jkvk f;oiDjkfoU .

nkyoh j? nkgDh bVkJh p/bhU, EK EK T[Zm' eo d' uVQkJh p/bhU .

b[ZN d/ w;hj/ skJ] oZd eoe/, j[ew ekB{zB g?oK Óu fbskfVU .

wfjbK Óu'A Bk ;kv/ s/ e'Jh oki t/ eo/, okfinK dh ;kB{z j[D tck Bk cV/.

X[Zg ofjU wu' j[D bkNK pDe/, sysK B{z Ykt', skiK B{z T[SkfbU .

b'N{nK s'A b[ZN tkbk wkb y'jD bJh, e?d j'JhnK o{jK d/ nk÷kd j'D bJh.

;KfMnK d[ZyK Óu ôohe j'fJ e/, w[esh dk okj ;'fuU ftukfoU .

y[d nkgD/ jh ezw eko fwZEKr/! feZdK dk fJj j'T{ ;z;ko fwZEKr/ .

fwjBs Óu'A T[;oh j? jo ouBk, d[Bhnk s[jkvh d[Bhnk d/ xkfVU .

bfjoK pD T[Zm' G[ZyK d/ fbskfVU ! Xosh dk ;kok d[Zy ghD tkfbU .

89

90 91

gzBk 49 (46)wko;JhJ/iU fwjBs d/ g[Zso', ikr', wkD gqkgs eo' !

;[D' ;[D' T[j eo'VK nktk÷K fe s[;] ikr',

pZu/ gsBh, ns/ g[okD/ fgso s[jkv/,

t/y' T[BQK d/ jzM{, ;[D' s[;] T[BQK dhnK uheK !

eh Bcos :'r, p/brkw ôkôe eod/ ofjD ôokosK <

b? e/ GkV/ d/ NZN{ ns/ iZE/ r[zfvnK d/

eod/ ofjD Xosh B{z d[yh ns/ T[ikV

id'A fe ôKsh ns/ nôKsh dk tfjzdk oj/ y{B <

(e'o;)

nkU jfEnko u[ZehJ/, bkJhB ftZu bZr ikJhJ/

y/sK B{z T[BQK d/ y{B Bkb f;zid/ j'J/ nZr/ tXd/ ikJhJ/

p/jZd n?ô ns/ ôkB' ô"es dk

j"A;bk eod/ B/ fJj Bhu, n;zs[ôN, p/brkw

;'B/ dh fuVh s/ oki dh T[BQK dh G[Zy Bj] fwNdh

G'rd/ ns/ t/ud/ B/ jtk th,

n;] Y'Ad/ jK T[BQK dk Gko pDe/ bkd{ x'V/

T[j efjzd/ jB fe T[BQK d/ dk; T[BQK B{z d/tsk wzBD,

go wB[Zy s'A tXe/ j'o e"D j? <

fco T[j ed'A sZe fNe/ ofjDr/, ed'A sZe wkoBr/ ;kBz{<

(fco T[jh e'o;)

n? nk÷kdh ! eh wB[Zy SZv ;e/rk s?B{z,

wfj;{; eoB s'A pkd s/oh fdbeô b" B{z <

eh o'e ;eDr/ s?B{z sfjykfBnK d/ ckNe Ós/ ;bkyK

eh e'V/ (fSZso) pzBQ ;eBr/ s/o/ p[bzd j"A;b/ B{z <

bzp/ no;/ (;w/A) fpby ojh j? d[BhnK

ubk oj/ jB M{m dh sbtko p/brkw,

go nk÷kdh j? sbtko s/ Ykb ;kvh,

ns/ p/eko j? T[BQK dh ;koh ebkekoh . (fco T[jh e'o;)

92

gzBk 50 (47)

nt;otkd dk iBw

ekB{zB d/ dkfJo/ ftZu ofje/ ezw eoB dh ;zGktBk B/ jh d{ih fJzNoB?ôBb

d/ ;w/A ftZu w÷d{o gkoNhnK d/ nzdo nt;otkd B{z iBw fdZsk.

(b?fBB, e'gb?e; nkc II fJzNa B?a)

r?o ekB{zBh ezw L

šfe;/ d/ô ftZu fiZE/ p[oi{nk tor iK T[bN fJBebkph ;wkie iBtkd

;Zsk ftZu j?, efwT{fB;N gkoNh Bz{ nkgD/ ekB{zBh ns/ r?o ekB{zBh ezwK d/ ftZu

fJZe skbw/b oZyDk ntZô f;Zy b?Dk ukjhdk j?, ns/ ekB{zBh ezw B{z jw/ôk ns/

fBôus o{g s'A r?o ekB{zBh gkoNh d/ gqGkth fB:zsoD ftZu jh ofjDk ukjhdk j?.

- p[ykfoB

d{ih fJzNoB?ôBb d/ T[d/ô Bkb ft;tkôxks L

;wkitkd ns/ fwjBs d/ fJ; ftokN ;zrmB B{z nfijhnK ôKshekbhB

rshftXhnK d/ bJh nB{e[fbs eo fdZsk frnk, ns/ id'A ;zeN nkfJnk, sK pj[s

;ko/ B/sk ns/ iB ;w[dktK d/ Gkoh fjZ;/ nkgD/ nkg B{z fJ; Bt] ;fEsh d/ nB[o{g

YkbD ftZu n;wZoE pD rJ/. fJj jh T[j bk÷wh ;fEsh j? i' pj[s jZd sZe d{ih

fJzNoB?ôBb d/ ft;tkôxks dk ekoD j?.

-wkoe; N{z b?fBB, gza 140 (wkfo; fjuethN)

šdk f;fBe; tov p[Ze@ (1906)

n?wpo'; fgqn;' fbydk j? L

šr/qg ôkN - (;zfrnk) - fJZe soe fi;B{z GftZy nwoheh ;wkitkd dhnK

wzrK d/ itkp ftZu fsnko eo fojk j?.@

93

94 95

gzBk 51 (48)

Xow, ;Ekgs ftt;Ek dk ;woEe L

dk;sK L

1835 ftZu, go';hpN/fonB uou dh iBob n;?Apbh B/ gq;skt gkfos

ehsk fe L šr[bkwh g[okD/ ns/ Bt/A d'tK jh jkbsK ftZu gqtkB j?, ns/ fJ;B{z

Jhôtoh ;Zsk B/ tofis Bj] ehsk j?.@

dk ukob;NB p?gfN;N n?;';hJ/ôB B/ 1835 ftZu j/mbk cowkB ikoh

ehsk L

šwkbeK tZb'A nkgD/ r[bkwK d/ ;w/A dh tos'A eoB d/ nfXeko B{z ;kohnK

uhiK d/ f;qôNk B/ ;gZôN o{g ftZu wkBsk d/ oZyh j?, i' nkgDh wo÷h Bkb fi; th

uh÷ T[Zgo ukj/ ;zgZsh dk nfXeko bkr{ eo ;edk j?.@

toihBhnk d/ w?Efv;N ekbi d/ fJZe gq'c?;o o/tozs Jha vha ;kJhwB,

vkeNo nkc fvtkfJBNh B/ fbfynk j? L

šj'bh foZN (fJ;kJh Xow ôkôso ;za) d/ ftZu ;kc s"o T[Zgo r[bkwK T[Zs/

;zgZsh nfXeko ns/ fJ; nfXeko Bkb ;zpzfXs o'÷wZok dhnK rZbK dk T[b/y ehsk

frnk j?. sK e[Zb fwbk e/ rZb fJj jh j? fe ukj/ n;] y[d Jhôto d[nkok ;Ekgs

:j{dh Bhsh B{z t/yhJ/, iK ;ko/ :[ZrK ftZu wkBt iksh d/ fJZe ;wkB ftuko s/

fttjko B{z bJhJ/ iK fBT{N?;Nkw?AN ns/ B?fse fB:w d/ ekB{zB fBô/X ;zpzXh

fBod/ôK B{z t/yhJ/ n;] J/; Bshi/ s/ g[Zid/ jK fe dk;sK (r[bkwh) nB?fse Bj] j?.

id'A fJj rZb f;ZX j' u[Zeh j? fe ncoheh dk; ekB{zBh s"o s/ yohd e/ pzX{nk pDkJ/

iKd/ ;B, sK T[jBK d/ pZfunK B{z pzX{nk pDk e/ oZyD dh rZb th bk÷wh s"o s/ f;ZX

jh j' iKdh j?. fJ; gqeko n;] t/yd/ jK fe nwohek ftZu i' r[bkwh w"i{d j?, T[;dh

;EkgBk ;jh ;h.@

g{zihtkd dk ;woEB L

j?Boh tkB vkJhe šn?;/ fJB n?gbhe/ôB@ (1905) ftZu fbydk j? L

špkJhpb dh f;Zfynk j? fe Jhôto d[BhnK dk wkbe j?. T[j nkgDh

GbkJh dh fJZSk Bkb, ;kXkoD fB:wK d/ nB[o{g, jo fJZe nkdwh B{z T[;dk fjZ;k

fdzdk j?.@

96 97

gzBk 52 (49)

;z:[es oki nwohek d/ ;zpzX ftZu nzeV/ L

;?Bk ;zfynk 50, 000 ;h

j[D fJj 300,000 j?.

nwhoK d/ e'b/ 67 nop dh d"bs j?,

eko'pko ftZu bZr/ e[Zb ftneshnK ftZu

f;oc 9$10 gqshôs jh g{zihtkdh szso ftZu ôkwb jB.

fco th T[jBK d/ e'b/ e[Zb d"bs dk 70 gqshôs j?.

eko'pko ftZu bZr/ e[Zb ftneshnK ftZu'A

29 gqshôs wZX tor Bkb ;zpzfXs jB

T[jBK d/ e'b e[Zb d"bs dk 25 gqshôs j? & 24 nop d/

eko'pko ftZu bZr/ b'eK ftZu'A pkeh 70 gqshôs

;otjkok tor Bkb ;zpzXs jB ns/ T[jBK d/ e'b/

e[Zb d"bs dk f;oø 4 gqshôs noEks 4 nop j?.

b{;hnB ;?fBnb d/ nB[;ko 1900 ftZu

eko'pko ftZu bZr/ e[Zb b'eK ftZu'A

& 250,251 g{zihtkdh szso Bkb ;zpzfXs ;B

& 8,429,845 wZX tor Bkb ;zpzfXs ;B

& 20,395,137 ;otjkok tor Bkb ;zpzXs ;B

- nkfJoB jhb

pzd{eK L

šs[;] nkyd/ j' fe ;z;d ns/ okieh nj[fdnK T[Zgo s[jkvk pj[wZs j't/rk,

b/feB@ s[jkv/ e'b/ pzd{eK fezBhnK jB< eh s[jkB{z wkb{w j? fe ekøh f;Zek s[jkB{z

feZE'A fwb ;edk j?< fiZE'A sZe pko{d dh rZb j?, o;kfJfDe fwôoD :zsfoe

fwôoDK Bkb'A p/jso j[zd/ jB, fJj rZb w/oh wzB bt'.@

- nkfJoB jhb, gzBk 198

98 99

gzBk 53 (50)

;Zskaaaaa

fJZe ;wkitkdh B/sk B/ g{zihgshnK dh fJZe whfNzr B{z ;zp'XB ehsk ns/

T[jBK T[Zs/ ;wki d/ d[ogqpzX dk d'ô bkfJnk ns/ fJ; soQK wkBtsk d/ ;Bw[Zy

T[g;fEs ;kohnK fGnzeosktK ns/ d[Zy-sebhcK dh ;koh dh ;koh f÷zw/tkoh

T[jBK T[Zgo E'g fdZsh. pkd ftZu fJZe g{zihgsh (fwa fte;B) T[Zm yVk j'fJnk ns/

T[;B/ fJ; soQK ;zp'XB ehsk L

šfJ; pko/ ;kvk itkp fJj j? fe ;kv/ e'b'A s[jkv/ T[Zgo popkd eoB d/

bJh ôpd Bj] jB. id'A s[;] nkgD/ c"bkdh w÷p{s jZE ;kv/ wfjbK ns/ n?ô'

fJôos tZb] tXkT[r/ sK n;] s[jkB{z ftyk d/tKr/ fe ;kvh eh skes j?. pzp

r'fbnK dh rV rVkjN ns/ wôhB rzBK dh sVsjkN Bkb n;] nkgDk itkp

d/tKr/. n;] s[jkB{z fJBebkphnK B{z nkgDhnK nZvhnK EZb/ doV ;[ZNKr/ ns/

s[jkv/ fujfonK B{z o"Ad d/tKr¶. fJj d[BhnK ;kvh j?. n;] fJ;d/ wkbe jK ns/ fJj

;kvh jh oj{rh. fiZE'A sZe fwjBs dh rZb j?, fJj sK id'A s'A fJfsjk; ô[o{ j'fJnk j?

X{V uZNdh ojh j?, ns/ w?A fJfsjk; B{z uzrh soQK soQK gfVQnk j? ns/ fJj T[d'A sZe

X{V cZedh oj{rh id'A sZe ;kv/ ns/ ;kv/ T[sokfXekohnK d/ jZEK ftZu ;Zsk

oj{rh.@

šfJe ôpd j? - ;Zsk. fJj ;ko/ ôpdK dk pkdôkj j?. Jhôto Bj] XB d"bs

Bj], pbfe ;Zsk. nkgDh ÷pkB s/ oZy bt' ns/ T[d'A sZe oZyh oZy' id'A sZe fe fJj

SDekT[D Bk bZr/.@

šw?B{z w/ok T[Zso fwb frnk@ noB?;N (T[; ;wkitkdh B/sk) B/ fBofteko

Gkt Bkb fejk.@ fJZe wkso fJj jh T[Zso fdZsk th ik ;edk ;h ;Zsk. n;] w÷d{o

tor d/ b'e J/;/ dk sK gquko eod/ jK. n;] ikDd/ jK nkgD/ e"V/ nB[GtK s'A

GbhGKs ikDd/ jK fe ;Zu dh, fBnK dh, wkBtsk dh e'Jh th nghb s[jkB{z S{ Bj]

;edh. s[jkv/ fdb th s[jkvhnK T[[jBK nZvhnK dh soQK jh em'o jB fijBK Bkb

s[;] rohpK d/ fujo/ e[ubd/ j'. J/;/ bJh sK n;] ;Zsk dk gquko ehsk j?. b/feB

u'DK d/ fdB ;kvhnK t'NK dh skes s[jkv/ e'b'A s[jkvh ;oeko y'j b? ikJ/rhaaaaa.@

šnro u'DK d/ fdB s[jkB{z pj[wZs, Gkoh pj[wZs fwb jh ikt/, sK th T[;

Bkb eh øoe g?D tkbk j?.@ fw;No fte;s sgke d/D] p'fbnk .

šwzB bt' i/ wZs g/NhnK ftZu s[jkvh fiZs d/ pkti{d n;] s[jkB{z ;Zsk

;"AgD s'A fJBeko eo dJhJ/ sK <@

100

gzBk 54(51)

šn;] T[; pko/ th ;'u oZfynk j?.@ noB?;N B/ itkp fdZsk. ns/ fJ;dk

itkp n;] sjkB{z r'bhnK Bkb d/tKr/. ;Zsk, s[;] jh fJ;B{z ôpdK dk pkdôkj

fejk j?. pj[s y{p! ;Zsk, t/yKr/ fJjB{z . ns/ fi; fdB n;] u'DK ftZu fiZs jkf;b

eo btKr/, ns/ s[;] ;kvh fJ; ;zftXkfBe ns/ ôKshg{oD Yzr Bkb jkf;b ehsh

rJh ;Zsk B{z ;"AgD s'A fJBeko eo d/t'r/, sK s[jkv/ fJ; ;tkb d/ itkp d/tKr/,

n;] pzp r'fbnK dh rVrVkjN ns/ wôhBrzBK dh sVsVkjN Bkb nkgDk

itkp d/tKr/.

šs[;] ;kE'A pu Bj] ;ed/. fJj ;jh j? fe s[;] fJfsjk; B{z mhe soQK

gfVQnk j?. fJj ;jh j? fe fwjBs fJfsjk; d/ nkozG s'A jh X{V cZedh nk ojh j? ns/

fJj th ;jh j? fe id'A sZe s[jkv/ ns/ s[jkv/ T[sokfXekohnK d/ jZEK ftZu ;Zsk

oj{rh, T[d'A sZe fwjBs X{V jh uZNdh oj{rh. w?A s[jkv/ Bkb ;fjws jK. s[;] i' e[M

fejk j? T[jBK ;kohnK rZbK Bkb w?A ;fjws jK. ;Zsk jh c?;bke[zB j'J/rh fit/A fe

jw/ôk ;Zu j[zdk nkfJnk j?, fJj jh sK torK dk ;zxoô j?. fit/A s[jkv/ tor B/

g[okD/ irho gqpzX B{z BôN ehsk, mhe t?;/ jh w/ok tor, w÷d{o tor, s[jkv/ tor

B{z spkj eo ;[ZN/rk. nro n;] nkgD/ gqkDh ftfrnkB ns/ nkgD/ ;wki

ftfrnkB B{z th T[Bh jh ;gôNsk Bkb gV', fizBh ;gZôNsk Bkb s[;] fJfsjk;

gVQd' j', sK s[;] t/y'r/ fe w?A fi; jôo dk toBD ehsk j? T[j bk÷wh j?. fJ; Bkb

e'Jh øoe Bj] g?Adk fe fJ; ftZu fJZe toQk bZr{rk, d; toQ/ bZrDr/ iK j÷ko toQ/

bZrDr/ - fJj fBôus j? fe s[jkvk tor fwZNh ftZu fwb ikt/rk ns/ fJj ;Zsk

d/ ÷ohJ/ jh j't/rk. n;] fwjBseô fJ; ôpd B{z n?Bk oN u[Ze/ jK fe ;kv/ fdwkrK

ftZu fJ;dk jh SDekNk g?Adk j?. ;Zsk . fJj fJZe pkdôkj ôpd j?.@

- i?e bzvB ofus nkfJoB jhb (gza 88)

101

102 103

gzBk 55 (52)

nzeV/

fJzrb?Av L

1922 - p/o[÷rkoK dh ;zfynk & 1,35,000

1926 - fJj 1¼ s'A 1½ fwbhnBK d/ ftZu

noEks 1,250,000 s'A 1,500,000 d/ ftZu ojh j?.

nzro/÷ w÷d{o B/sktK dk ft;tkôxks

1911 s'A 1913 sZe d/ ;kb nkw s"o s/ ykB w÷d{oK, o/b eowukohnK

ns/ gfotjB w÷d{oK d/ p¶fw;kb tor ;zxoôK dk ;wK ;h. nr;s 1911 ftZu,

o/bt/ dh okôNo ftnkgh d{i/ ôpdK ftZu, nkw jVskb c[ZN gJh ;h. T[jB] fdBh

poskBhnK T[Zgo fJBebkp dh fJZe Xz[dbh SkfJnk wzvok ojh ;h b/feB B/sktK B/

fJ; nzd'bB B{z yZ;h eo d/D d/ tk;s/ nkgDh g{oh skes bk fdZsh, T[jBK dk

fJokdk šd/ô Grsh@ dk ;h, fJj joes nrkfdo dh T[; xNBk tes ehsh ik

ojh ;h, fi;B/ iowBh d/ Bkb :[ZX dk ysok g?dk eo fdZsk ;h. fit/A fe nZi Gbh

GKsh wkb{w j?, gqXkB wzsoh B/ w÷d{o B/sktK dh fJZe r[gs whfNzr ;Zdh ns/

T[jBK B{z fgZso G{wh (ckdo b?Av) dh oZfynk dh nghb ehsh. ns/ B/sktK B/,

p[oi{nk tor B{z w÷p{s eoB d/ bJh nkgD/ p[Zs/ s/ ;ZG e[ZM ehsk ns/ fJ; soQK

;kwokitkdh Bo;zjko d/ tk;s/ okj w'ebk eo fdZsk.

(gza 3) jt/no fJi fpqN/B r'fJzr <

NokN;eh

104 105

gzBk 56 (53)

ft;tkôxks L

e/tb 1920, :kBh Òekb/ ô[ZeotkoÓ d/ pkd jh nzd'bB jZdK ftZu tkg;

w[fVnk, id'A ykB eowukohnK, o/b w÷d{oK ns/ gfotkje w[bk÷wK d/ fszB gkoNh

r[ZN d/ B/sktK B/ nkw jVskb d/ Bkb ft;tkôxks eo fdZsk.

(gza 3)

;[Xko d/ tk;s/ fJBebkp dk ysok ÷o{oh j? L

aaaaafpqfNô p[oi{nk tor B/ fJj ;wM fbnk ;h fe nfij/ T[gkn (;[Xko) d/

okj] fJBebkp B{z Nkfbnk ik ;edk j?. fJ; bJh fJ;s'A f;ZNk fBebdk j? fe

;[XkoK sZe B{z th bkr{ eotkT[D d/ tk;s/, f;oø j"bh j"bh ezw eod/ ofjD dk

f;XKs ekøh Bj] j?, ns/ fe fJBebkp dk fJZe tk;sfte ysok ÷o{oh j?.

(gzBa 29)

;wkie J/esk L

aaaanfijk j' ;edk j? fe fJZe tko n;] fJZe nfij/ ftô/ô nfXeko rq;s

tor d/ ;økJ/ tk;s/ T[Zm yVQ/ j'JhJ/, i' ozr wzu s'A jNDk Bk ukj[zdk j't/, sK tor

;zxoô dh p[fBnkdh nzsot;s{, T[;/ ftu ftdwkB ikgdh j?. b/feB Bj]

w?v'Bkbv ;wkie J/esk dh u/sBk šikfrqs@ eoBk ukj[zd/ jB. go fe;dh<

w÷d{o tor dh J/esk sK p[oi{nk tor d/ fto[ZX ;zxoô ftZu T[;dh nzdo{Bh

tuBpZXsk dk gqrNktk j[zdh j?.

w?v'Bkbv fi; ;wkie J/esk dk T[gd/ô fdzd/ jB, T[j b'N{nK d/ Bkb b[ZN/

ikD tkfbnK dk J/esk iK d{i/ ôpdK ftZu ô'ôD B{z poeoko oZyD d/ f;tkJ/ j'o

e[ZM Bj] j?.

fJBebkp fJZe nkcs L

šo{; d/ fJBebkp B/@ w?ev'Bkbv d/ eEB nB[;ko, š;kB{z tXhnk ;pe

f;ykfJnk. fJ;B/ ftyk fdZsk fe fJBebkp fJZe popkdh ns/ fpgsk d/ f;tkJ/ j'o

e[ZM Bj] j?.@

106 107

gzBk 57 (54)

fJBebkp sK fpgsk B{z jh iBw fdzdk j? b/feB fpqfNô b'eszso B/ sK

;kwokitkdh :[ZX B{z iBw d/ fdZskaaaa fi;dh spkjh dh s[bBk fJBebkp dhnK

fpgsktK Bkb sK :ehBh s"o s/ G'ok th Bj] ehsh ik ;edh. fco th fi;

fJBebkp B/ ikoôkjh ebhBszso ns/ p[oi{nk tor B{z T[ykV ;[ZfNnk, froi/ B{z

fjbke/ oZy fdZsk, 13 eo'V b'eK d/ fJZe okôNo iK okôNoK d/ fJZe ;w[Zu/ e[Zb

ftZu, fJZe Bt/A ihtB dk ;zuko ehsk, T[;d/ ;kjwD/ fJj x'ôDk eoB d/ tk;s/ fe

fJBebkp fJZe fpgsk d/ f;tkJ/ j'o e[ZM Bj] j? - nfij/ jh p'fbnK ezBK ns/ p/ôow

fujfonK dh b'V j?.

(gzBL 64)

ôKshg{oD <

ed'A ns/ feZE/ ;ZskXkoh tor B/ t'NK d/ okj] ed/ ;Zsk ns/ ;zgsh ;"Agh j? -

ns/ T[j th, yk; s"o s/ poskBth p[oi{nk tor B/, i' ;dhnK s'A d[BhnK Go ftZu

b[ZNwko eodk nkfJnk j?<

(gza 66)

;wkitkd dk Nhuk L ôKsh

fJj fJedw fBofttkd ;ZukJh j? fe ;wkitkd dk T[d/ô, ;G s'A gfjbK,

skes d/ ;G s'A xNhnk ns/ y{zyko o{gK B{z ysw eoBk j?, ns/ c/o T[/;d/ pkd T[jd/

j'o b[gs o{gK B{z th ysw eoBk j?.

šjt/no fJ÷ fpqN/B r'fJzr<@ soks;eh

;z;ko fJBebkp dk T[d/ô L

1a g{zihtkd B{z T[ykV ;[ZNDk

2a wjkBsk dh ;/tk tk;s/ e[dos dk fB:zsoD eoBk. p[ykfoB B/ fJ;B{z

fJzM jh gfoGkôs ehsk j?.

108 109

gzBk 58 (55)

nkdwh ns/ wôhBoh

dk :{BkJhNv ;N/N; fpT{o' nkø b/po dk efjDk j? L

- wôhB s/ ezw eoe/ fJZe nkdwh 1 xzN/ 34 fwzN ftZu fgzBK dk 12 g"Av dk

g?e/N fsnko eo ;edk j?.

- nro nkdwh wôhB s/ Bj] pbfe f;oø n"÷koK (;zdK) Bkb ezw eo/ sK

T[B/ jh ezw ftZu 140 xzN/ 55 fwzNK dk ;wK bZr{rk.

(nB[gks - 1a34 L 140a55 fwzN)

- wôhB s/ ezw eoe/ 100 i'V/ i[ZshnK pDkT[D Óu 234 xzN/ 25 fwzN bZrd/

jB.

- jZEK Bkb fJ; ftZu 1,831 xzN/ 40 fwzN bZrDr/.

- wôhB s/ ezw eoB Bkb fwjBs dh bkrs $69a55 nkT[Adh j?.

- jZEK Bkb $457a79 nkT[Adh j?.

- wôhBh fwjBs okj] 500 ri ukoykB/dko eZgVk fsnko eoB ftZu 73

xzN/ brd/ jB.

- jZEK dh fwjBs okj], fJ; ftZu 5,844 xzN/ bZrd/ jB.

- wôhBh fwjBs okj] 100 g"Av f;bkJh tkbk ;{sh Xkrk 39 xzfNnK ftZu

fsnko j[zdk j?.

- jZEK Bkb fJ; ftZu 2,895 xzN/ bZrd/ jB.

d[pkok c/o L y/sh L

-fJZe Gbk uzrk nkdwh dksh Bkb fJZe J/eV c;b fJZe fdB (12 xzN/)

ftZu eZN ;edk j?.

- fJZe wôhB T[;/ ezw B{z 20 fwzNK ftZu eo fdzdh j?.

- S/ nkdwh ;'N/ Bkb 60 fbNo eDe dh SNkJh nZX/ xzN/ ftZu eo ;ed/

jB.

- fJZe wôhB T[B/ jh ;w/A ftZu 12 r[DK tZX ezw eo ;edh j?.

šwôhBoh dh tos'A Bkb wkBt w[ôZes dh gqGkftesk ftZu j'D tkbk

tkXk - okJh d/ wkwb/ ftZu 150 gqshôs s'A b? e/ i"A d/ wkwb/ ftZu 2,244 gqshôs

sZe j' iKdk j?.@

110 111

gzBk 59 (56)

;za oka na ns/ T[;dh nkpkdh dk ;zgdk L (1850-1912)

gqsh ftnesh e[Zb nkpkdh

1850 ftZu e[Zb ;zgdk ;h

$ 7,135,780,000 $ 308 & 23,191,876

1860 $ 16,159,616,000 $ 514 & 31,443,321

1870 $ 30,068,518,000 $ 780 & 38,558,371

1880 $ 43,642,000,000 $ 870 & 38,558, 371

1890 $ 65,037,091,000 $ 1,036 & 62,947,714

1900 $ 88,517,307,000 $ 1,165 & 75,994,575

1904 $ 107,104,202,000 $ 1,318 & 82,466,551

1912 $ 187,139,071,000 $ 1,965 & 95,40503

wôhBheoD fJ;s/wkb d/ ekoD

wôhB gqfeqsh gZy'A ;wkie j?, fit/A fe n"÷ko ftnZeshrs ;h.

š;kB{z yokp eZgVk d/t', gozs {;kB{z p/jso nkdwh d/t'.@ n?wo;B dk

efjDk j? š;[yzvh o'r Bkb wo oj/ pkbK dh gqkD-oZfynk eo', fco T[;d/ pkd eZgVk

tgko B{z soihj d/t'@

(gza 81)

šnkdwh B{z wôhB T[Zs/ e[opkB Bj] ehsk ik ;edk. wôhB B{z fBôu/ jh

wkBtiksh dh ;/tk ftZu bZrDk ukjhdk j?, id'A fe nkfijh T[d:'fre ftt;Ek

ftZu wkBtiksh d/ T[Zs/ Gkoh efjo tkgoB dk ysok wzvokT[D bZfrnk j?.

gktoNh n?Av fou/÷ (gza 81), ;ekN fBnfozr

112 113

gzBk 60 (57)

nkdwh ns/ wôhBoh

;ha B?Bc'ov j/Avo;B nkgDh ouBk šo/ v/@ ftZu fbydk j?.

šfJj T[d:'r dh ;z;Ek i' ;G ;z;EktK Bkb'A g[okDh j?, wkBt iksh B{z

t;s{nK dh skBkôkjh s'A nk÷kd eoB dh roi Bkb ;zrms ns/ fte;s j'Jh,

gozs{j[D fJj y[d nkg jh T[; Bkb'A tZvh skBkôkjh pD u[Zeh j?, i' ftôkb nkpkdh

B{z r[bkwK dhnK jkbsK ftZu nfij/ r[bkwK dhnK jkbsK ftZu XZedh ik ojh j? i'

bzp/ ns/ Eek d/D tkb/ xzfNnK sZe ezw eod/ eod/, p/XVe t;s{nK g?dk eod/

ofjD d/ tk;s/ ;okg/ j'J/ jB, id'A fe i' t;s{nK T[j pDkT[Ad/ jB, y[d T[jBK dh

s'N Bkb ghVs ofjD bJh wip{o jB.@

šgkt fou/÷ (gza 87)@

nkdwh wôhBoh d/ tk;s/ Bj] j?

nkdwh B/ fJ;gks ns/ nZr d/ ;z:'r Bkb i' t;s{nK g?dk ehshnK jB

ns/ fijBK B{z wôhB nkfynk j?, T[;B{z fBôu? jh jw/ôk wB[Zy dk wkbe Bj], pbfe

;/tkdko jh ofjDk ukjhdk j?. Bk sK wôhB ns/ Bk jh wôhB d/ wkbe B{z wkBt

iksh T[Zgo ôkôB eoB dk nfXeko j?.

gza 88

;kwokitkd

š;kwokitkd ftek; d/ T[; uoB dk g{zihtkd j? fi; ftZu n÷ko/dkohnK

ns/ ftZsh g{zih B/ fJZe gqG[stekoh gqGkt jkf;b eo fbnk j?, fBo:ks g{zih p/jZd

wjZst gqkgs eo u[Zeh j?, nzsookôNoh No;NK B/ d[BhnK dk pNtkok eoBk ô[o{ eo

fdZsk j?, ns/ ;G s'A tZv/ g{zihtkdh d/ôK B/ Xosh d/ ;w[Zu/ G{r'fbe y/socb dk

nkg; ftZu pNtkok g{ok eo fbnk j?.@

- b?fBB

114 115

gzBk 61 (58)

skBkôkjh L

skBkôkjh fJZe ;Zsk j? i' f;ZXh skes T[Zgo nkXkfos j[zdh j? ns/ fe;/

ekB{zB Bkb Bj] pzBQh j[zdh.

;otjkok tor dh fJBebkph fveN/Nofôg fJZe nfijh ;Zsk j? i'

po÷{nK tor d/ fto[ZX ns/ T[;d/ T[Zs/, ;otjkok tor tb'A skes dh pd"bs

bkr{ehsh iKdh j?, ns/ i' fe;/ ekB{zB ftZu Bj] pzBQh j[zdh.

gq'b'a j?t'a (gza 18) - b?fBB

fJBebkph fveN/Nofôg L

fJBebkp fJZe ekotkJh j? fi;d/ sfjs nkpkdh dk fJZe spek d{i/

spfenK T[Zs/ ocbK, ;zrhBK, pzd{eK ns/ nfij/ jh j'o nfsnzs ;Zsktkdh T[gktK

d/ ÷ohJ/, nkgDh fJZSk m';dk j?. ns/ fijVk gZy i/s{j[zdk j? T[j nkgDk ;kôB

ntZôe s"o s/, T[; G?n d/ ÷ohJ/ ;Ekgs eodk j?, fi;B{z T[;d/ jfEnko

gqshfeqnktkdhnK d/ ftZu T[sgzB eod/ jB. i/ g?fo; d/ efwT{B B/ p[oi{nk tor

d/ fybkø jfEnkopzd iBsk T[Zgo Go';k Bk ehsk j[zdk, sK eh T[j nkgD/ nkg B{z

u"th xzfNnK s'A th tZX ekfJw oZy ;fenk j[zdk< fJ;d/ T[bN, eh ;kvh fJj

nkb'uBk ikfJ÷ Bj] j? fe fwT{B B/ fJ; ;Zsk dk pj[s jh xZN fJ;s/wkb ehsk .

- n?ca J/Arb÷

p[oi{nk b'eoki L

p[oi{nk b'e oki, ;kwzstkd d/ w[ekpb/ ftZu, fJZe wjkB, fJfsjk;e

soZeh j'D d/ pkti{d, fJZe pj[s jh ;hws, p/jZd gkyzv Gog{o ;z;Ek, XBh b'eK d/

tk;s/ fJZe ;tor ns/ b[ZN/ ikD tkfbnK ns/ rohpK d/ tk;s/ fJZe ikb ns/

Sbkt/ d/ fJbktk Bk sK j'o e[ZM j?, ns/ Bk jh j' ;edk j?.

- b?fBB (gza 28)

116 117

gzBk 62 (59)

fwjBs ns/ ô'ôD dk oki L

šf;oc gqkuhB ns/ irho{ jh Bj], pbfe n÷'ek gqshfBXh oki th g{zih

d[nkok T[iosh fwjBs d/ ô'ôD (b[ZN) dk jh fJZe T[geoD j?.@

J/Arb÷

fveN/Nofôg

šfeT[Afe oki f;oø fJZe n;EkJh ;z;Ek Go j? fi;dk T[g:'r nkgD/

d[ôwDK dk pb g{ote dwB eoB d/ tk;s/ fJBebkp ftZu ehsk iKdk j?, fJ;

bJh iBsk d/ ;[szso oki dh rZb eoBk e'ok petk; j?, id'A sZe ;otjkok tor

B{z oki dh ntZôesk ofjzdh j?, T[d'A sZe fJ;dh ntZôesk ;[szsosk d/ fjZs ftZu

Bj], pbfe nkgD/ fto'XhnK B{z e[ubD d/ bJh g?Adh j? ns/ fit/A jh ;[szsosk dh

rZb eoBk ;zGt j' iKdk j?, t?;/ jh fJ;dh j'Ad nkgD/ nkg ysw j' iKdh j?.@

p/p/b B{z fby/ J/Arb; d/ gZsoK ftZu'A

28 wkou, 1875

vog'e nkdoôtkdh L

vog'e nkdoôtkdh d/ tk;s/ - ns/ fpBk fe;/ vog'esk d/ ôkfJd jh

nkdwh gqGkth f;ZX j' ;e/. fJj brGr sfj rZb j? fe d[BhnK B{z y[ôjkb pDkT[D

dh e'fôô ftZu T[;B{z nkgD/ fto'XhnK dh fxqDk dk gkso pBDk gt/rk ns/ fBokô

th j'Dk g? ;edk j?.

- poNo/Av oZ;b

118 119

gzBk 64 (60)

B/sk L

ekobkJhB fbydk j?, še'Jh th ;wK BôN Bk j'fJnk j[zdk.@ i/ e'Jh wjkB

nkdwh fwb iKdk fijVk ekch ;wMdko ns/ B/e j[zdk, fi; ftZu n?Bh ;wMdkoh

j[zdh fe T[j ;jh ;jh ikD bt/ fe tes dk sek÷k eh j?, fi; ftZu n?Bk gokeqw

j[zdk j? fe tes d/ fbjk÷ Bkb ;jh okj T[go nrtkJh eo ;edk, sK c/o fJ;dh

pd"bs e'J th ;wK w[esh dk ;wK j' ;edk ;h.

;t? fJZSk ukfosk L

ekT[N;eh B/ šg'qb/NohJ/N fveN/Nofôg@ d/ f;ob/y Bkb fJZe g[;fsek

fbyh, fi; ftZu T[;B/ pkbôftek tZb'A p[oi{nk tor d/ b'eK B{z t'N d/D d/ jZe s'A

tKM/ ehs/ ikD dh fBy/Xh ehsh. fJ; T[Zgo b?fBB B/ nkgDh, šgq'b/NohJ/B

fot'fbT{ôB@ L (gza 77) ftZu fbfynk L

š;t? fJZSkukfosk ! ÷ok ;'uhJ/ fe fJ; y/d gqqekô ftZu ewhB/gD d/ fJ;

xNhnk gZXo sZe fvZre/ p[oi{nk dh ukgb{;h ehsh rJh j?, ns/ fezBk tZX

w{oyskg{oD gzvskT{g[Dk ftykfJnk frnk j?. id'A fe ;dhnK s'A, w÷d{oK B{z

e[ubD d/ tk;s/, rohp b'eK B{z B{VD d/ bJh ns/ b'eK d/ G'b/-Gkb/ ns/

fwjBseô spfenK d/ okj ftZu fJe'so ;" nfVZe/ ns/ o[ektNK yVQhnK eod/

ofjD d/ bJh g{oh soQK p[oi{nk ns/ T[; ftZu th g{zihtkdh d/ôK d/ gqshfeqnktkdh

ekB{zBdkB jh fB:w ftXkB pDkT[Ad/ nkJ/ jB, ns/ T[j jh ekB{zB dhnK ;zfjsktK

ns/ ekB{zB pko/ ;?AeV/ g'E/ ns/ T[jBK dhnK ftnkfynktK fbyd/ nkJ/ jB - fiZE/

n?Bk ;G e[M ehsk frnk j?, T[E/ p[oi{nk T[dkogzEhnK s/ ôqhwkB ekUN;eh B{z e'Jh

š;t? fJZSkukfosk@ Bj] ftykJh fdzdh. T[d'A sK fJj ;G ekB{zB ftt;Ek j?. fJj ;G

fJ; tk;s/ ;'funk ns/ fbfynk frnk j? fe fet/A rohpK B{z dpkJh oZye/ u[zvd/ fojk

ikJ/. j÷koK jh poi{nk tehb ns/ ;oekoh nfjbeko ekB{zBK dh nfijh

ftnkfynk eod/ ofjzd/ jB fe w÷d{o ns/ n";sB fe;kB T[jBK dk Bkekpzdh dh

ezfvnkbh sko Bz{ed/ s'V Bk ;eD, p/ôZe fJj e'Jh ;t? fJZSkukfosk Bj] j?. p/ôZe,

fJj T[jBK rzd/ iK w[Bkøky'o b'N{nK dh skBkôkjh Bj] j? fijV/ b'eK dh y{B gh oj/

jB. T[ø nfijk e[ZM th Bj] j?. fJj sK ô[ZX šb'eszso@ j?, fijVk fdB gqsh fdB

tZX yok (ô[X) j[zdk ik fojk j?.

120 121

gzBk 64 (61)

gqzs{id'A ;kwokitkdh :[ZX d/ okj] ;ojZd gko eoe/ nkgD/ GkJhnK Bkb'A

tZy eo fdZs/ rJ/ fwjBseô ns/ b[ZN/ iKd/ iB - spfenK B/ fJfsjk; ftZu

gfjbh tko nkgDhnK ;'thnsK rfms eo bJhnK jB id'A T[jBK B/ okiBhse

fBowkD d/ tk;s/ w÷d{oK B{z ns/ T[jBK d/ torK B{z nghb ehsh rJh j? fijBK B{z

p[oi{nk tor T[sghVs ns/ gZEo pDkJh oZydk ;h, ns/ id'A s'A T[j fJZe

;otjkok oki f;oiD d/ ekoi ftZu bZr rJ/ jB ns/ fteN o{g Bkb ikoh :[ZX

d"okB, ykBkizrh dh nZr ftZu, id'A T[j ÒÒb'N{nK s'A ofjs oki@ d/ p[fBnkdh

f;XKs fBo{gs eoB bZr/, sK p[oi{nk tor d/ ;ko/ Y"Arh sZs, ns/ y{B u{;D

tkfbnK d/ ;ko/ fro'j ekT[N;eh dh ;[o ftZu ;[o fwbke/, ;t? fJZSk ukfosk dk

uhek-fujkVk wukT[D bZr rJ/ ;B.

(b?fBB) gza 77-78

gkoNh L

b/feB fJj ;gZôN j' u[Zfenk j? fe id'A sZe fJBebkp dh nrtkJh eoB

d/ tk;s/ fJZe ;woZE gkoNh Bk j't/, T[d'A sZe e'Jh fJBebkp ;zGt Bj] j' ;edk.

gza 15 (b?ôB÷ nkø nes{po, 1917)

gq'b/skoh fJBebkp d/ tk;s/ gkoNh fJZe bk÷wh T[geoD j?.

(gza 17, T[j NokN;eh d[nkok ofus)

122 123

gzBk 65 (62)

pha e/a dZs d/ d;ys

T[;d/ (fwjBseô nkdwh d/) tk;s/ ekB{zB B?sfsesk, Xow ns/ fJj ;G

T[;d/ (;otjkok d/) tk;s/ ftfGzB p[oi{nk fdykt/ wkso jB, fijBK dh nkV ftZu

J/B/ jh p[oi{nk ;tkoE dkn bkJh oZyd/ jB.

ekob wkoe; - x'ôDk gZso

124 125

gzBk 67 (64)

126 127

gzBk 69 (66)

efwT{fB;NK dk T[d/ô

efwT{fB;N nkgDk fdqôNhe'D ns/ T[d/ô b[e'D B{z fxqDk eod/ jB. T[j

y[bQ/ s"o s/ n?bkB eod/ jB fe T[jBK dk T[d/ô f;oø ;w[ZuhnK w"i{dk ;wkie

gq;fEshnK B{z pb g{ote g[ZN ;[ZND d/ okj] jh gqkgs j' ;edk j?. ôkôe torK B{z

efwT{fB;N fJBebkp d/ G?n Bkb ezpD d/t'. ;otjkok d/ e'b/ nkgDhnK p/VhnK

d/ f;tkJ/ rztkT[D d/ tk;s/ e[ZM Bj] j?. fiZsD d/ tk;s/ T[jBK d/ ;kjwD/ ;kok

;z;ko j?.

d[BhnK d/ w÷d{o' fJZe j' ikU .

efwT{fB;N fJBebkp dk T[d/ô

šn;] T[go t/y u[Ze/ jK, fe w÷d{o tor d/ fJBebkp ftZu gfjbk edw,

;otjkok (gq'b/skoh) tor B{z T[mk e/ ;kôe tor dh ;fEsh ftZu fbnkT[Dk j?,

iBtkd dh bVkJh B{z fiZsDk j?. ;otjkok nkgD/ okiBhse gqG[st dh tos'A

p[oi{nk tor s'A j"bh-j"bh eoe/ ;koh g{zih y'jD, g?dktko d/ ;ko/ T[goeDK

(;kXBK) B{z oki d/ noEks ôkôe tor d/ o{g ftZu ;zrfms ;otjkok tor d/ jZEK

ftZu e/Adfos eoB ns/ g?dktkoh ôeshnK d/ ftZu fizBh S/sh j't/ tkXk eoB d/

tk;s/ eo{rk.@

šefwT{fB;N w?Bhc?;N'@

128 129

gzBk 70 (67)

ekob wkoe; dhnK rbshnK eZYDhnK L

aaaans/ fJj fBôus wkb{w j[zdk j? fe NokN;eh ;wM' T; Bkb ;zpzXs ;B

fi;B{z iowB Òn;bh okiBhshÓ dk ;e{b nkfynk eod/ ;B ns/ fe;/ th

ftukoXkok d/ gqsh fJZe dw T[B/ jh wk;{w ;B fizBk fe fp;wkoe ns/, J/;/ tk;s/,

fJj d/ye/ j?okBh j[zdh j? fe NokN;eh th n?B/ fJBebkph Bj] jB fe nky ;eD fe

wkoe; B/ fJe rbsh ehsh ;h. pbfe T[j fJZe iK tZX gzB/ noE fBo{gD d/ ezw

ftZu noEks fJj f;ZX eoB ftZu bkT[Dk ÷o{oh ;wMd/ jB fe gftZso g[;seK

ftZu i' e[ZM nkfynk frnk j?, T[;d/ noE T[; Bkb'A fJZe dw tZyo/ jB.

NokN;eh ofus šb?ôB÷ nkø nes{po 1917@ dh G{fwek J/a ;{;B bko/A;

tZb'A fbyh rJh.

b'eK dh nktk÷ L

;kB{z fizBhnK ;oekoK pko/ ikDekoh j?, T[j ;kfonK d/ ;ko/ w[Zy s"o s/ b'eK

d/ gqsh T[dk;hB ofj e/ ôkôB eodhnK ojhnK jB, T[j jw/ôk jh d/ô d/ okiBhse

;o{g s'A ;[u/s iK T[; spe/ dhnK xZN frDsh ;oekoK jh ojhnK jB, b/feB id'A

fJj d?As (Gkt b'ekJh - ;za) ikr gt/rk, sK T[;dh wo÷h j't/rh, gozs{ ;G s'A tZvh

rZb fJj j? fe fJj ;w/A f;o ikr{rk iK Bj].

- G{fwek

130 131

gzBk 71 (68)

b?fBB B/ i[bkJh 1917 ftZu fbfynk fJj ne;o j[zdk j? fe id'A xNBktK

nukBe w'V eZN b?AdhnK jB, sK fJZe nkr{gkoNh th e[M ;w/A sZe bJh fJ; Bt]

gq;fEsh d/ Bkb nkgDh fJe ;[osk Bj] pDk ;edh. T[j T[jh g[okDhnK nyktsK

do;kT[Adh ofjzdh j?, i' fJ; Bt] go;fEsh ftZu noEjhD j' u[ZehnK jB ns/ fi;

nB[gks ftZu xNBktK nzdo nDfenkf;nk gfotosB j' u[Zfenk j[zdk j?, T[;/

nB[gks ftZu T[jBK dk noE th ÒnDfenk;/ o{g BkbÓ ysw j' u[Zek j[zdk j?.

b?ôB÷ nkø nes{po (gza 17)

oDe"ôb ns/ oDBhsh L

fit/A :[ZX ftZu, t?;/ jh okiBhsh ftZu th, oD e"ôb dk noE j? nbZr

nbZr ekotkJh dk ;zukbB eoB dh ebk, oDBhsh dk noE j? fiZs gqkgs eoB

dh noEks ;Zsk T[Zs/ tk;sfte ep÷k eoB dh ebk.

(gza 18)

gquko ns/ ekotkJh L

ns/ id'A ;otjkok tor dh gkoNh fsnkoh Bkb, :kBh gquko ns/ ;zrmB

ns/ nzd'bB okj], nZr/ tZX e/ ;Zsk d/ tk;s/ tk;sfte ;zxoô ftZu T[sodh j?

ns/ p[oi{nk tor d/ fybkø fJZe tk;sfte iB-ftdo'j B{z nzikw d/D bZrdh j?

sK fJZe nfsnzs nukBe pdbkT[ xfNs j[zdk j?. J/;/ ;w/A gkoNh d/ nzdo nfij/

sZs fdqV ;zebg Bj] oZyd/ iK ;zt/dBôhb iK ;wM"sktkdh iK ekfJo j[zd/ jB -

T[j iB-ftdo'j dk fto'X eoB bZrd/ jB, nkgD/ fto'X B{z ikfJ÷ mfjokT[D d/

tk;s/ f;XKse dbhbK (soe) y'iD bZrd/ jB, ns/ T[jBK B{z fJj soe, nkgD/

eZb sZe d/ fto'XhnK d/ ftZu'A, fJZe dw gZe/-gekJ/ s"o s/ fwb th iKd/ jB.

NokN;eh 19

132 133

gzBk 72 (69)

šj[D ÷o{os fJ; rZb dh j? fe n;] nkgD/ nkg B{z g[okD/ ckow{fbnK Bkb

Bj] pbfe BthnK tk;sftesktK okj] fBod/ôs eohJ/.@

- b?fBB (gza 25)

T[j jw/ôk jh GftZy d/ tk;s/ nshs Bkb bVd/ oj/.

gza 41

aaaab/feB fJZe gb nfijk th nkT[Adk j? id'A ;'uD dh fJj nkds, fe

d[ôwD tZX ôeshôkbh j?, fiZs d/ tk;s/ w[Zy o[ektN pD iKdh j?.

NokN;eh gza 48

aaab/feB nfijhnK gq;fEshnK ftZu jo fJZe gkoNh d/ e'b/ nkgDk b?fBB

sK j't/rk Bj].

aaawjZstg{oD gb B{z rztk d/D dk eh wsbp j[zdk j?<aaaaaaa

oDe"ôbK dh ;koh ebk J/;/ ftZu j?, fe id'A go;fEshnK dk ;zi'r ;ot

nfXe nB[e{b j't/ sK T[; gb d/ nB[o{g ekotkJh ehsh ikJ/.

go;fEshnK B/ nfijk jh ;zi'r g/ô ehsk ;h ns/ b?fBB B/ fejk ;h fe

;zeN B{z fe;/ Bk fe;/ gZy ftZu jZb eoBk ÷o{oh j?. b?fBB B/ tko tko nkfynk,

Òj[D/ iK ed/ Bj].Ó

gza 52

134 135

gzBk 73 (70)

fJZe fJBebkph gkoNh dh skes fJZe fBôus ;hwk sZe tZXdh j?, b/feB

fJ;d/ pkd fJ;dk T[bNk th j' ;edk j?aaaaa.

šfMieDk ngokX j?@ nes{[po d/ nkozG ftZu (b?fBB B/) fbfynk, š

š;'thnsK dh eKro; dk fJzs÷ko eoBk n"gukoesktK dh fJZe y/v y/vDk j?,

n"gukoektK d/ Bkb fJj ngwkBiBe y/v y/vDk j?, fJj fJBebkp d/ Bkb

ft;tkôxks eoBk j?.@

Y[Zet] xVh

okiBhsh ftZu ;wK fJZe wjZstg{oD ekoi j?, ns/ :[ZX s/ fJBebkp

ftZu sK fJj j÷koK r[Dk tZX wjZstg{oD j?. uh÷K i' nZi ehshnK ik ;edhnK

jB, eZb Bj] ehshnK ik ;edhnK. jfEnko b? e/ T[Zm yV/ j'Dk, d[ôwD Bz{

jokT[Dk, ;Zsk T[Zs/ ep÷k eoBk, nZi ;zGt j' ;edk j?, ns/ eZb Bz{ n;zGt j'

;edk j?. b/feB s[;] nky ;ed/ j' fe ;Zsk T[Zs/ ep÷k eoB dk wsbp sK

fJfsjk; dh tfjD Bz{ pdb d/Dk j[zdk j?, ns/ eh fJj ;zGt j? fe fJZe nfijh rZb

wfji 24 xzfNnK dh d/oh T[Zs/ fBoGo j't/ < jK, id'A jfEnkopzd iB-ftdo'j

(b'e-prkts) dh xVh nk iKdh j?, sK xNBktK T[Zs/ okiBhsh d/ bzp/ g?wkB? Bkb

Bj] pbfe :[ZX d/ S'N/ g?wkB/ Bkb BkghnK iKdhn K jB. fJ; ftZu e[M e[ jøs/, e[M

e[ fdB, iK fJZE'A sZe fe ed/-ed/ fJZe fdB dh d/oh dk wsbp fJBebkp dk

;dhth fsnkr j' ;edk j?, r'v/ N/e d/Dk j' ;edk j?.

okiBhse ukbpk÷h, yk; s"o s/ fJBebkp ftZu, jw/ôk ysoBke jz[dh j?.

s[;] d[ôwD Bz{ X'yk d/ ;ed/ j', b/feB fJ; Bkb s[jkv/ fgZS/ uZbD tkb/ ;kXkoD

b'e] Gofws j' ;ed/ jB.

136 137

gzBk 74(71)

fjueukjNL

nkr{nK tZb'A ftykJh ikD tkbh, ns/ T[jBK d/ nB[nkJhnK tZb'A wfj;{;

ehsh ikD tkbh fjueukjN(fMie) okiBhsh ftZu nkw s"o s/ B[e;kBd/j

;kfps j[zdh j?, ns/ jfEnkopzd b'e-prkts dh ;fEsh ftZu sK fJj fJZe xkse

ysok j?.

:[ZXL

š:[ZX :[ZX j?@ ukj/ i' th j't/, fJ; ftZu e'Jh fjueukjN (fMie iK

nkBkekBh) iK tes dh popkdh Bj] j'Dh ukjhdh.

n;woZE B/sk L

aaanfij/ B/sktK dhnK d' fe;wK jB fijV/ gkoNh B{z nfij/ tes fgZS/

fyZuD dk o[MkD oZyd/ jB, id'A T[;B{z ;G s'A s/÷ rsh Bkb nZr/ tXD dh b'V

j[zdh j?. fJZe fe;w nfij/ B/sktK dh j? fijBK dh gqftosh fJBebkp d/ okj ftZu

jw/ôk jh p/gBkj efmBkJhnK ns/ o[ektNK t/yD dh j[zdh j?, ns/ i' T[jBK B{z

t/ye/ - ;[u/s iK nu/s s"o s/ T[jBK s'A puD dh fJZSk oZyd/ jB. T[j wkoe;tkd

B{z s'V-wo'V e/ fJ; o{g ftZu fpnkBD bZrd/ jB fe fJBebkph ekotkJh feT[A

n;zGt j?.

d{ih fe;w d/ B/sk wfj÷ ;sjh nzd'bB eosk Go j[zd/ jB. T[j id'A sZe

o[ektNK Bkb Neok e/ nkgDk f;o Bj] GzBk b?Ad/, T[d'A sZe T[jBK B{z ed/ o[ektNK

ftykJh Bj] fdzdhnK. T[j ;wMd/ jB fe pZ; GkôD MkVe/ jh tk;sfte

efmBkJhnK s'A S[Nekok gk b?Dr/. T[j jo fJZe uhi B{z nsh nkôktkd d/ Bkb

t/yd/ jB, ns/ id'A ;Zu w[Zu e[M eoBk j[zdk j?, sK mhe n?B T[;/ tes gkbk

pdb b?Ad/ jB.

gza 80

gzBk ;za 75 s'A 100 B'N p[Ze dh ;kB{z gqkgs j'Jh Beb ftZu Bj] ;B.

n;bh gzBk ;za 101 (74) j? - ;zgkde

138 139

gzBk 101 (74)

;wki ôkôso

w[Zb L

šgkJhnk wZeh = e$b'j/ dh ehws. fJj ;wheoD ;kB{z eh dZ;dk j?< fJj ;kB{z dZ;dk j? fe d' fGzB-fGzB uh÷K ftZu wZeh gkJhnk Go ftZu ns/ b'j/ dh ehws ftZu ;kwkB r[DK tkbh e'Jh uh÷ d'tK ftZu gZe/ s"o s/ w"i{d j?. fJ; bJh fJjBK d' uh÷K B{z ntZô jh fe;/ nfijh shih uh÷ d/ pokpo j'Dk ukjhdk j?, i' y[d Bk sK gfjbh uh÷ j't/ ns/ Bk jh d{ih uh÷ aaa. j[D nkU nkgK fJjBK d'tK T[sgkdK ftZu'A jo fJZe d/ nzdo b[eh j'Jh fJ; shih puh-y[uh uh÷ pko/ ftuko eohJ/, fJj jo fJZe T[sgkd ftZu, fJZe jh nG"fse :EkoE d/ o{g ftZu, fJZe ;ko wkBth fwjBs (w÷d{oh), :kBh T[; fwjBs ôesh d/ wfji fJZe iwkU d/ o{g ftZu fBfjs j?, fi; ftZu fJ; Bkb e'Jh coe Bj] g?Adk fe T[; fwjBs-ôesh d/ you/ ehs/ ikD dh ftZfdnk eh ojh j't/. j[D fJj ;kohnK uh÷K ;kB{z d;dhnK jB, T[go'es T[sgkdK d/ T[sgkdB ftZu wB[Zyh fwjBs you ehsh rJh j?. :kBh fe T[jBK ftZu w÷d{oh jh w{oshwkB j'Jh j?. id'A n;] fJ; ;wkie gdkoE :kBh w÷d{oh B{z T[;d/ tZy-tZy ;gZôN w{oshwkB o{gK ftZu t/yd/ jK, sK ;op ;kXkoD d/ tk;s/, T[j jh Òw[ZbÓ nytkT[Adh j?.

wkoe; - šg{zih@ nzro/÷h nB[tkd (gza 3,4,5)

ekB{zB L

špjojkb, ;wki ekB{zB T[go Bj] nkXkos j[zdk j?. fJj sK fJZe ekB{zBh rZbg j?. fJ;d/ T[bN, ekB{zB B{z ntZô jh ;wki T[Zgo nkXkfos j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ;B{z bk÷wh jh ;wki d/ fjZs ns/ b'eK dk gqrNktk j'Dk ukjhdk j? ns/ fJ;B{z T[d:'fre T[sgkdB dh ;t? fJZSk ukfosk dh pikJ/, g?dktko dh ;wkie ns/ fBofttkd s"o s/ G"fse T[sgkdB gqDkbh s'A nbfjdk j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; tes w/o/ jZE ftZu Bg'bhnB ;zfjsk j?, b/feB fJ;B/ nkX[fBe Bkrfoe ;wki B{z Bj] g?dk ehsk j?. 18t] ;dh ftZu izfwnk ns/ 19t] ;dh ftZu fte;s j'fJnk ;wki fJ; ;zfjsk ftZu f;oø fJZe ekB{zBh nfGftnesh d/ o{g ftZu fBfjs j?. id'A fJj ;wkie go;fEshnK d/ nB[o{g Bj] ofj ikt/rk, sK fJj wfj÷ oZdh ekr÷ dk g[bzdk jh ;kfps j'J/rkaaaa. ihtB dhnK pdbdhnK go;fEshnK d/ Bkb-Bkb ekB{zB th bk÷wh s"o s/ pdbd/ oj/ jB, gozs{;wkie ftek; dhnK BthnK ntZôesktK ns/ fJZSktK B{z d{o feBko eoe/ (:[Zr dh g[eko d/ fbjk÷ Bkb) g[okD/ ekB{zB B{z pDkJ/ oZyDk, don;b iB ;kXkoD d/ fjZs d/ ftgohs fe;/ yk; fjZsK dh gkyzvg{oD fjwkfJs d/ fJbktk j'o e[M Bj] j?.@

wkoe (e'b'B dh i{oh ndkbs ftZu)

iB ;w[dkfJ L

šiBsk fJZe nfij/ Gkoh vhb v"b tkb/ ns/ ikBto dh GKfs j[zdh j?, i' nkgDh jh skes s'A nDikD ofjzdk j? ns/ J/;/ tk;s/ p'M Y'Ad/ j'fJnK e'V/-vzv/ yKdk ofjzdk j?. fJj T[; S'N/ (fgZd/ fij/) pZu/ tZb'A th jZe fbnk iKdk j?, fi;B{z T[j id'A ukj/ XZek wkoe/ ;[ZN ;edk j?. gozs{fJj T[; pZu/ s'A vodk j? ns/ fJ; bJh fJj T[;dhnK ;kohnK ;BeK ns/ wBwkBhnK B{z MZbdk ofjzdk j?, ns/ ed/ wfj;{; Bj] eodk fe fJj pZuk y[d T[; e'b'A fezBk vodk j?aaaaaa. nihp rZb j?! b'e y[d nkgD/ jh jZE Bkb nkgD/ nkg B{z cK;h d/ fdzd/ jB ns/ y[d jh i/bQ ub/ iKd/ jB s/ y[d jh nkgD/ T[Zs/ :[ZX ns/ w"s dk efjo Ykj b?Ad/ jB. fe; tk;s/< pZ; fJZe dwVh d/ tk;s/ fijVh T[jBK swkw dwVhnK ftZu'A fJZe j[zdh j? fijBK B[z T[j y[d jh oki/ B{z d/ u[Ze/ j[zd/ jB. id'A fe Xosh ns/ nkekô d/ ftueko i' e[ZM j? ;G sK T[jBK dk jh j?, b/feB T[j fJ;B{z Bj] ikDd/ (;wMd/) ns/ nro T[jBK B{z e'Jh fJj dZ; (;wMk) d/t/ sK T[j T[; nkdwh B{z wkoe/ j/mK ;[ZN b?Dr/.

N'wk;' e?AgkB/bk

140 141

gzBk 102 (75)

šwkoe;tkd pBkw ;wkitkd@

(1908-12)

b/ye tbkdhwho iha f;y'ftu

gha n?ua vha e'bzphnk :{Bhtof;Nh

fJj fJe-fJe eoe/ wkoe; d/ ;ko/ f;XksK dh nkb'uBk eodk j? ns/

fJjBK ;kfonK B{z ykfoi eodk j? L

1a w[Zb dk f;XKs

2a fJfsjk; dh nkoEe ftnkfynk

3a ;zgsh dk w[Zmh Go jZEK, noEks ;owkJ/dkoK d/ jZEK ftZu

e/AdoheoB wZX tor dk g{oh soQK ykswk ns/ ;otjkok tor dk jVQ

4a tXdh rohph dk f;XKs fi;dh gfoDhsh d/ s"o s/

5a nkX[fBe oki ns/ ;wkie ftt;Ek dk bk÷wh nzdo{Bh ;zeN

fJj f;ZNk eZYdk j? fe wkoe;tkd f;oø fJjBK w{b G{s f;XksK T[Zs/

nkXkfos j?, ns/ T[jBK B{z fJZe fJZe eoe/ ykfoi eofdnK f;ZN/ ti'A nkydk j? fe

fJBebkp d/ ibdh c[ZN g?D dhnK ;kohnK X[zdbhnK nôzektK ni/ sZe fBow{b jh

;kfps j'JhnK jB. wZX tor xN Bj], pbfe tX fojk j?. XBh tor ;zfynk ftZu

tX fojk j?, ns/ T[sgkdB ns/ T[gG'r dh gqDkbh th go;fEshnK d/ nB[;ko pdb

ojh j?, fJ; bJh w÷d{oK dh dôk ftZu ;[Xko eoe/ fe;/ th fe;w d/ ;zxoô B{z

Nkfbnk ik ;edk j?. ;wkie nôKsh dk ekoD tXdh rohph Bj], pbfe

T[d:'fre e/AdoK T[Zs/ rohp tor dk ;ze/doD j?, fi;d/ Bks/ tor u/sBk g?dk j'

ojh j?. fJ; tk;s/ fJj ;G fuZbg'A jz[dh j?.

142 143

gzBk 103 (76)

b/; fw÷o/pb; dh G{fwek

id'A sZe ekB{zB ns/ gozgok dh pd"bs fJZe nfijh ;wkie nX'rsh

w"i{d oj{rh fi; ftZu ;ZfGnsk d/ nzdo Boe fBows j[zd/ ofjDr/ ns/ d?th Bhsh

d/ Bkb wkBth Bhsh dk g/uk g?Adk oj{rk, id'A sZe fJ; :[Zr dhnK fszB ;wZf;nktK

rohph d/ ekoD wB[Zy dh d[orsh, G[Zy d/ ekoD n"os dh nX'rsh ns/

nfrnkBsk d/ ekoD pZfunK dh ôze dk jZb Bj] j[zdk, id'A sZe e[M y/soK ftZu

;wkie x[ND w"i{d oj{rh d{i/ ôpdK ftZu ns/ fJZe j'o th ftnkge fdqôNhe'D

gZy'A, id'A sZe fJ; Xosh T[Zgo nfrnkBsk ns/ pdjkbh poeoko oj{rh, T[d'A sZe

nfijhnK feskpK ftnoE Bj] f;ZX j'DrhnK.

šfteNo fjT{r'@

iZi dh gfoGkôk L

šiZi (nkgD/ c?;b/ Bkb) i' eôN g[ukT[Adk j?, i/eo T[j y[d T[; gqsh eo{o

j't/, sK T[j fBnK eoB dk nfXeko rztk p?mdk j?.@

šoftzdoBkE mke[o@

šb/feB fto'Xh ôjkds i' eo ;eD ftZu n;cb ofj iKdh j?, T[;B{z

fJB;kc gq/wh ns/ gqsho'Xh ôesh eo ;[ZNdh j? ns/ nZfsnkukoh B{z j'o tZX B[e;kB

gukT[D ftZu Bkekw eo fdzdh j?.@

šXow pdbD dh pikfJ wko/ ikt'@ T[; ;w/A fjzd{nK d/ ftueko fJj jh

g[eko gquZbs ;h. b/feB okwdk; T[Zm yV/ j'J/ ns/ nkfynk, šBj] ! fJzM Bj] Xow

pdb{j'D Bkb'A p/jso j? wko/ ikDk fJzM efjDk ekøh nZSk j?, b/feB fJ;s'A th

p/jso j? fJj e'fôô eoBk fe Bk sK wko/ ikt' ns/ Bk jh Xow pdb{pD', pbfe y[d

fjz;k dhnK ôeshnK B{z wko ;[ZN'. fJ; ftZu nro woBk jh j't/ sK wko fdZs/ ikt',

b/feB fiZs dh ykfso wkod/ j'J/ wo' - fJB;kø dh fiZs d/ tk;s/ wo'.

fjzd{gd gdôkjh gza 181-82

144 145

gzBk 104 (77)

;ko/ ekB{zB;ki ngokXhnK d/ o{g ftZu gfoGkôs L

nkfd ekb s'A b? e/ bkJheork;, ;'b'B, w'jzwd, B?g'bhnB, nkfd sZe

wB[ZyK d/ tk;s/ fizB/ th ekB{zB;ki ns/ ;kôe j'J/ jB, T[j ;kfonK d/ ;ko/ ngokXh

oj/ jB, feT[Afe Bt/A ekB{zB dk ftXkB pDke/, ;[Gkfte s"o s/ T[jBK B/ g[okD/

ekB{zBK B{z Gzr ehsk, fijBK B{z ;wki ôoXkg{ote wzBdk nk fojk ;h ns/ i'

g{ot÷K s'A ftok;s ftZu fwb/ j'J/ ;B.

(gza 205) ngokX ns/ dzv d';s't;e

poe dk efjDk j?, šfJZe ;Zuk okiBhshtkB, jw/ôk fJ; rZb pko/ ;'udk

ofjzdk j? fe fet/A T[j nkgD/ d/ô ftZu w"i{d ;z;kXBK s'A tZX s'A tZX nofis (g?dk)

eo/.@

146 147

gzBk 105 (78)

ekB{zB ôkôso L

ekBz{B L

1a ekB{zB dk gqkftXkB fi; o{g ftZu w"i{d j?

2a ekBz{B dk fJfsjk; fi; o{g ftZu T[;dk ftek;

3a ekB{zB ftXkB dk ftfrnkB j'fJnk fij' fijk T[;B{z

j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

1a f;XKse doôB ekB{zB d/ ftfrnkB tk;s/

nkXko gqdkB eoBk.

2a ;kXkoD ekB{zBôkôso

1a ftôb/ôDkswe

2a fJfsjk;e ekB{zB ôkôso

3a Bhsh ôkôso

1a ftôb/ôDkswe ekB{zB ôkôso ekBz{B d/ gfjb/ f;XKs dh ftnkfynk eodk

j?. fJ;dk ftôk t;s{j?L

(T) Bkrfoe ekB{zB dh ntXkoDk

(n) Bkrfoe ns/ j'oBK ekB{zBK ftZu ;zpzX

(J) ftfGzB ;zgkde ftuko i' ekB{zB dh XkoDk, fit/A oki, gqG{;Zsk ns/ fBnK-

gqôkôB dk ;zgkdB eod/ jB.

(;) ekB{zB d/ ekB{zBh ;o's ns/ ekB{zB fBowkD dk f;XKs nkfd.

(j) ekB{zB d/ ftfrnkBe torheoD

(e) ekB{zBh nfXeko

(y) ekB{zBh (Bkrfoe ns/ c"idkoh) ÷[zw/tkoh dk f;XKs

(r) j'o ekB{zBh ntXkoBktK

{

{{

{

{{

148 149

gzBk 106 (79)

2a fJfsjk;e ekB{zB ôkôso ekB{zB, ekB{zBh ntXkoBktK dh T[sgsh

ns/ ftek; B{z fBoXkos eoB tkb/ ;kXkoB (nkw) f;XksK dk nfXn?B eodk j?.

fJj fJfsjk; j?.

3a Bhsh ôkôsoe ekB{zB ôkôs L fJj ekB{zB d/ ;zpzX ftZu fJB;kø d/

f;XKs Bkb ;zpzXs j?.

ekB{zB ns/ fJB;kø L

ekB{zB dh Bhsh ;zrs b'VK ( r{VQ) noEK dh g{oD ntZfrnk

ft;b/ôDkswe ekB{zB ôkôso B{z fJZe p/ikB gqDkbh ftZu spdhb eo ;edh j?.

fJzrb?Av ftZu L

d' tZy tZy ôpd šekB{zB@ ns/ šfBnK@ brksko fJ; rZb B{z u/s/

eotkT[Ad/ ofjzd/ jB fe fJj d't¶A fJZe' jh uh÷ Bj] jB pbfe d' fGzB uh÷K jB.

b/feB fJjBK dh tosD ftZu fJjBK d'tK d/ ftueko w"i{d tk;sfte ns/ xD/

;zpzX ne;o nZy'A-go'y/ j' ikfJnk eod/ jB.

ns/ wjKdhg ftZu L

_o/u/N L okJhN (nfXeko) & vokfJN L bkn (ekB{zB)=

wjKdhg Gkôk ô?bh šekB{zB@ ns/ šnfXeko@ d/ ftub/ øoe B{z b[e'Adh j?,

id'A fe nzro/÷h Gkôk-ô?bh T[jBK ftub/ ;zpzX B{z b[e'Adh j?.

150 151

gzBk 107 (80)

ekB{zB L

šn;] T[; fe;/ th fe;w d/ fB:w iK f;XKs B{z ekB{zB dk BK d/ fdzd/ jK,

fi;d/ okj] ekotkJhnK fBoXkos ehshnK iKdhnK jB.@

(j{eo)

šekB{zB nkgD/ ;G s'A tZX ;kXkoD noE ftZu ekotkJh ;zpzXh fB:w B{z

ftfôNhfeqs eodk j?, ns/ fJj ;G gqeko dh ektokJh T[Zs/ fpBK G/dGkt d/,

bkr{j[zdk j?, ukj/ T[j soe ;zrs j't/ iK soe jhD, iht Xkoh Bkb ;zpzXs j't/, iK

fBoiht Bkb. J/;/ tk;s/ n;] rsh d/, r[o{sk nkeoôD d/, gqekô d/, G"fseh d/,

e[dos d/ ns/ okôNoK d/ fB:wK dh rZb eod/ jK.@

(pb?e ;N'B)

ekB{zBK dhnK fe;wK L

1a bk÷wh ekB{zB

2a G"fse fB:w iK ftfrnkB ekB{zB

3a gqkfeqse iK B?fse ekB{zB

4a gquZfbs ekB{zB

5a gozgokrs ekB{zB

6a fttjkoe iK seBheh ekB{zB

7a nzso okôNoh ekB{zB

8a Bkrfoe ekB{zB iK oki dk ekB{zB

152 153

gzBk 108 (81)

bk÷wh ekB{zB dh 1a bk÷wh ekB{zB dk noE j? ekotkJh dk fB:w, i'

wB÷{oh - 1 ;÷k, fe;/ nfijh ;Zsk okj] b'eK T[Zs/ bkr{ehsk iKdk j?

:[ZX nkfd i ' fJ;dh gkbDk pb go{ te (÷pod;sh) eotk bA?dh j?.

šekB{zB fJZe nkd/ô j? fijVk ftnesh iK ftneshnK B{z fJZe fBôus

nkuoD eoB d/ tk;s/ p¶tZ; eodk j?.

(nk;fNB)

;wki dh gqsZy B?fsesk th bk÷wh ekB{zBK d/ x/o/ ftZu nkT[Adh j?.

j"p; dk fdqôNhe'D L

wB[Zy ns/ jfEnko jh ekB{zBK dh ôesh ns/ ;zpb jB.

(j"p;)

2a G"fse ekB{zB uZb ojhnK ekotkJhnK dh nfGftnesh j?. (B?fse

ekB{zB iK ftt/e dk ekB{zB ekotkJhnK dh fJ; o{g ftZu nfGftnesh j?, fit/A T[j

j'Dh ukjhdh j?).

3a gqkfeqse iK B?fse ekB{zB dk noE j? gqkfeqse o{g s'A ;jh iK rbs dk

f;XKs :kBh ;kohnK ekotkJhnK ;w/s gqkfeqse fBnK d/ f;XKs fBnK (fJB;kø)

dhnK d' fe;wK jB - gqsZy ns/ gqkfeqse. gqkfeqse fBnK T[j j? i' tk;st ftZu

ns/ ;Zuw[Zu j't/. gqsZy fBnK fJB;kø dk T[j o{g j? fi; o{g ftZu T[;B{z ;wfMnk

iKdk j?, ;theko ehsk iKdk j? ns/ nfGftnes gqrN ehsk iKdk j?.

154 155

gzBk 109 (82)

4a gqufbs ekB{zB L nfijk e'Jh th fB:w iK fB:wK dh gqDkbh fi; T[Zgo

b'e] nkgD/ nkuoD d/ fBowkD d/ tk;s/ o÷kwzd j[zd/ jB. o÷kwzd j'D tkb/ gZyK

dh ;fjwsh jh ekB{zB j?.

5a gqzgokrs ekB{zB L wB[ZyK tZb'A tk;st ftZu ehshnK ikD tkbhnK

ekotkJhnK dk e'Jh th fB:w fijVk ;t?fJZSe ekotkJh dh fe;/ tk;sfte

;wo{gsk dk gqrNktk j?. gqzgok T[jBK b'eK dk iB{zB j? fijV/ fJ;B{z wzBd/ jB.

6a fttjkoe iK seBheh ekB{zB L fJ; ftZu nfij/ fB:w nkT[Ad/ jB i'

fttjkoe T[d/ô dh gqkgsh d/ tk;s/ j[zd/ jB. y/vK ftZu šgqufbs ekB{zB@ ns/

šfttjkoe ekB{zB@ d't/A jh nkT[Ad/ jB, fijBK ftZu'A gfjbh fe;w d/ ekB{zBK d/

nzsors T[j fB:w nkT[Ad/ jB fijBK pko/ fyvkohnK dh o÷kwzdh (;fjwsh) j[zdh

j?, ns/ d{ih fe;w d/ ekB{zBK d/ nzsors T[j fB:w nkT[Ad/ jB, i' y/v B{z ;øb

pDkT[Ad/ jB, iK y/v B{z ;cbskg{ote ubkT[D d/ tk;s/ j[zd/ jB.

7a nzso okôNoh ekB{zB L fJ; ftZu T[j fB:w nkT[Ad/ jB i' gqG{;Zsk ;zgB

okiK d/ nkg;h ;zpzXK ns/ fJZe d{i/ gqsh nkuoD dk fBowkD eod/ jB.

(T) n?e;gq?; ekB{zB (;zXhnK nkfd)

(n) nzsqfBfjs ekB{zB (gozgokrs)

w[V d' fe;wK ftZu se;hw L

(T) ;kXkoD ekB{zB (;ko/ okôNoK d/ ftueko)

(n) ftô/ô ekB{zB (d' iK tZX ftô/ô okôNoK d/ ftueko)

8a Bkrfoe ekB{zB L oki iK d/ô dk ekB{zB, i' fBnkfJe ndkbs

ftZu tofsnk iKdk j?.

156 157

gzBk 110 (83)

;÷k L

okiBhse i[ow L n;] ekB{zB xkfVnK d/ tZv/ ;w[dkfJ dh fJ; ;'u Bkb

;fjws jK fe Gb/ jh nkw s"o Ós/ T[; ftnesh pko/ ;õs ekotkJh Bj] ehsh ikDh

ukjhdh, fijVk nfijh w[fifowkBk ;kfiô ftZu ôkwb fojk j't/, fi; ;kfiô B{z

nzikw Bk fdZsk frnk j't/, fco th oki d/ fybkø ehs/ tZv/ i[owK d/ f;bf;b/ ftZu

fJ; fB:w dk fJZe ngtkd ÷o{o oZfynk ikDk ukjhdk j?, ekoD fe oki d/ fybkø

ehs/ ikD tkb/ i[owK dh yk;hns fJj j[zdh j? fe i/ T[jBK ftZu w[ifow ekw:kp j'

iKdk j?, sK T[j ;÷k s'A seohpB ;kø pu iKdk j?. ekfsb esb eoB d/ pkd,

esb eoB d/ w[ekpb/ fes/ tZX yso/ ftZu j[zdk j?, gozs{oki Xq'jh id'A ;oeko dk

sysk gbN fdzdk j?, sK T[j yso/ s'A pkjo j' iKdk j?. feT[Afe dzvkswe ekB{zB

fJZe ekw:kp ftdo'jh d/ fto[ZX Bg[z;e jh f;ZX j[zdk j?, fJ; bJh ÷o{oh j? fe fJ;B{z

ftdo'j dh gfjbh ô[o{nks d/ fybkø jh ôeshôkbh ns/ em'o pDkfJnk ikt/ ---.1(II n?ba ;ha ;ha iZiw?AN 1906, gza 120)

158 159

gzBk 111 (84)

;÷k L

;[gBk fijVk gqkDdzv dk ekoD pfDnk L id'A wko;/i B/ ;[gBk t/fynk fe

T[;B/ vkfJUBh;hn; dh X"D tZY fdZsh j?, sK skBkôkj eoe/ ;kôe B/ T[;B{z gqkD

dzv d/ fdZsk, fi;d/ fgZS/ T[;dh dbhb fJj ;h fe i/ T[;B/ fdB t/b/ nfijk ;'funk

Bk j[zdk sK oks B{z fJj ;[cBk ed/ th Bj] t/ydk ;h.

gqkDdzv ns/ vo?e' dk ekB{zB L vo?e' d/ ekB{zB ftZu bZrGr ;kohnK fe;wK

d/ i[owK fit/A wkw{bh u'oh s'A b? e/ Xow Xo'j ns/ esb sZe d/ bJh fJe ;wkB w"s

dh ;÷k dk ftXkB ;h ns/ fejk iKdk ;h fe fJ;dk fJZe wkso ;gZôNheoB i' vo?e'

B/ fdZsk ;h, T[j fJj fe S'N/ w'N/ ÷[owK dh sK fJj' jh ;÷k j'Dh ukjhdh j? ns/ tZv/

÷[owK d/ bJh fJ; s'A tZvh ;÷k T[j ;'u Bj] ;fenk.

;÷k B{z tX/o/ dkoôfBeK B/ fJZe ntZôe p[okJh wzfBnk j?.

oki ns/ wB[Zy L oki nkgD/ nkg ftZu e'Jh Nhuk Bj] j?, ns/ wB[Zy ekB{zB

iK oki d/ tk;s/ Bj], pbfe T[j jh wB[Zy d/ tk;s/ j[zd/ jB.

160 161

gzBk 112 (85)

fJB;kø (fBnK) L oki dh G"fse skes d/ okj] fJZe okiBhse ;w[dkfJ d/

nzdo nfXeko pDkJh oZyDk.

fJ;B/ T[; ftneshrs pdb/ dk ;EkB b? fbnk j?, id'A b'e rbshnK dk

pdbk y[d iK nkgD/ d';sK-fwZsoK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb fbnk eod/ jB. T[jB] fdB],

šfi;dh bkmh T[;dh G?A;@ dk f;XKs ezw eodk ;h.

dhtkBh c"idkoh fBnK L

BkrfoeK fBnK nfXeko bkr{eodk j?. c"idkoh fBnK rbshnK d/ bJh

;÷k fdzdk j?.

fJZe nkdwh nkgD/ pekJ/ dk, iK T[; s'A rbs Yzr Bkb dZp bJh rJh

;zgsh (ikfJdkd) B{z fco s'A tkg; b?D dk dkntk eodk j?. fJj dhtkBh (fBnK dk

wkwbk) j?.

c"idkoh d/ wkwb/ ftZu, gqshtkdh T[Zgo rbs eoB dk d'ô bZfrnk j[zdk

j?. ndkbs fJ; w[ifbw B{z eosZt dh ntZfrnk (Bk gkbDk) d/ i[ow ftZu ns/

nfXeko d/ T[bzxD d/ i[ow ftZu ;÷k fdzdh j?, fi; ftZu i/ esb dk i[ow j? sK

cK;h ns/ i/ u'oh dk i[ow j? sK i/bQ dh ;÷k fdzdh j?.

162 163

gzBk 113 (86)

dhtkBh ns/ c"idkoh, d'BK jh fe;wK dhnK ekotkJhnK ftZu rbsh dh

fôekfJs doi ehsh iKdh j?.

dhtkBh (ekotkJh) ftZu nfXeko dk dkntk ehsk iKdk j?.

c"idkoh (ekotkJh) ftZu rbsh dk d'ô bkfJnk iKdk j?.

dhtkBh fBnK dk ;o'eko, w[Zy s"o s/, w[ZdJh ns/ T[;d/ nfXekoK Bkb

j[zdk j?..

c"idkoh (fBnK) dk w[ZYbk (d'ôh) ns/ T[; T[Zgo bZr/ d'ô Bkb

c"idkoh fBnK dk T[d/ô

;÷k L

fJj fBogZy ngokX eosktK fit/A okiBhse ftneshnK d/ wkwb/ ftZu

T[g:'rh Bj] j' ;edh. fJj T[jBK d/ bJh fJZe p[ok ;"dk f;ZX j' ;edh j?.

1a fBtkoe L ekB{zB dk gqw[Zy T[d/ô d'ôh ftnesh B{z fJe B÷ho (fdqôNKs

fw;kb) T[dkjoD pDkT[Dk ns/ T[; tor/ j'o ;ko/ ftneshnK B{z u/sktBh d/Dk

j?. fJj jo fJZe ngokX eosk dh fJZe d[oGktBk f;ZX eodk j?. (fJokdk spdhbh)

2a fBo'Xe L d{i/ wkwb/ ftZu fJj fBo'Xe iK n:'r f;ZX eoB tkbk j?.

fJ;dk yk; T[d/ô ngokX eosk (w[ifow) B{z Bkekw eoe/ w[V (d'pkok) rbs ezw

eoB s'A o'eDk j?.

gqkDdzv dh T[fuZssk L n;] eksbK B{z cK;h f;oø fJ; eoe/ Bj] fdzd/ fe

fJj j'oBK B{z (esb eoB s'A) o'edh j?, pbfe T[;/ ekoB s'A, fi; ekoB s'A n;]

T[dkjoD d/ tk;s/, ;Zg B{z wko fdzd/ jK, feT[Afe ;kv/ bJh fJj jh p/jso j? fe T[j

fJ; d[BhnK ftZu ofjD dh Ekt/A fJ; s'A pkjo j' ikD.

3a ;[Xkokswe L ngokX ufoZso d/ T[Zgo fJokfdnK d/ gqGkt s'A ehs/ iKd/

jB, ns/ T[j iK sK fJokfdnK d/ pdbkT[ Bkb iK ufoZso d/ pdbkT[ Bkb o'e/ ik

;ed/ jB.

fBtkoe ;÷k gfjb/ wkwb/ ftZu fdZsh iKdh j?. (e[ZM ôpd n;gôN ;h)

id'A ;[Xkokswe (;÷k) d{;o/ wkwb/ ftZu fdZsh iKdh j?.

164 165

gzBk 114 (87)

š;[Xkokswe f;XKs@ d/ g?o'eko ;÷k d/ f;oø T[jBK jh o{gK dh fjwkfJs

eod/ jB, i' ngokXh dh f;Zfynk ns/ T[;B{z nB[ôkf;s eoB d/ tk;s/ fjZsekoh

jz[d/ jB, ns/ pkeh ;kohnK (;÷ktK) B{z Bk wzBD:'r mfjokT[Ad/ jB. i' bkGekoh

s"o s/ f;oø fBtkoe iK n:'rekoh (j[zdhnK jB). T[jBK dh fdqôNh ftZu w"s e'Jh

Y[Zet] ;÷k Bj] j?, š;kB{z nkgD/ ngokXhnK dk fJbki eoBk ukjhdk j?, T[jBK

dk esb Bj].@ e[ZNDk iK j'o ;ohoe ;÷ktK poposk (j?tkBhns) dh fBôkBh

nkye/ fBzdhnK iKdhnK jB. T[j nfijhnK ;÷ktK B{z ;÷k G[rsD tkb/ ns/ ;÷k

tkb/ d'tK B{z jh BhtK v/rD tkbhnK ns/ tfjôh (eo{o) wzBd/ jB.

em'o ;÷k dk Bshik . oki dh pb gq:'r dh ekotkJh fizBh ;woZE

j[zdh j?, T[j ;ko/ nkw wB[ZyK B{z ysoBke okjK

ngokXhnK dk (TZ[go ikD) sA ' oe' D ftZu T[Bh jh ;øb j[zdh j?.

ysoBke ns/ fjzwsh b/feB ekB{zB s'VB tkfbnK ftZu gsB

tor g?dk j' iKdk j?. (froktN) dk nB[gks th UBk tZX j[zdk j?.

4a gqshekswe ;÷k L ;G s'A tZX fGnzeo f;XKs. nfijh ;'u oZyD tkb/

b'e] tk;st ftZu gqkuhB ns/ ;ZfGnskg[oD :[ZrK d/ tfjôhg[D/ dh wB';fEshnK

d/ jwkfJsh j[zd/ jB.

fJj pdb/ dh ;[Gkfte gqfposh B{z ;zs[ôN eodh j?, i' f;oø rbsh dk

fôeko j'J/ ftnesh ftZu jh Bj] w"i{d ofjzdh j?, pbfe ftnkge g?wkB/ s/ ;wki

ftZu T[;d/ gqsh jwdodh d/ o{g ftZu w"i{d ofjzdh j?.

fJ; fdqôNhe'D d/ nB[;ko fJj ;jh ns/ T[fuZs j? fe p[okJh dk pdbk

p[okJh Bkb fbnk ikt/. nZy d/ pdb/ nZy ns/ dzd d/ pdb/ dzd, gqkfeqse fBnK dk

fJZe f;ZXk ns/ nkgD/ nkg ftZu w[ezwb fB:w wzfBnk iKdk j?. ;÷k y[d fJZe

we;d pD iKdh j?.

166 167

gzBk 115 (88)

;÷k fJe p[okJh

;÷k nkgD/ nkg ftZu fJZe p[okJh j? ns/ fJ;B{z f;oø fJZe wjZstg{oD

T[d/ô dh gqkgsh d/ ;kXB d/ s"o s/ jh T[fuZs mfjokfJnk ik ;edk j?.

b/feB gqshekswe f;XKs d/ ;woEe fJ; Yzr Bkb dbhb fdzd/ jB L

d'ô XB ;÷k pokpo fBod'ôsk .@

šT[;B/ fJB;kø d/ ekB{zB dh fi; rbsh okj] T[bzxDk ehsk j?, T[; Bkb

T[; T[Zs/ fJZe eo÷k bZfdnk frnk j?. fJ; eoe/ fJB;kø dk sekik j? fe T[j

eoik G[rsk fdZsk ikt/--- ;÷k dk gfjbk T[d/ô Gzr ehs/ rJ/ ekB{zB B{z ;zs[ôN

eoBk j?.@

Peine forte et dure : s;hj/ d/ e/ w"saaaaafi;dk c?;bk fBwBfbys o{g

ftZu fdZsk frnk j?.

šfe s[jkB{z c/o T[;/ i/bQ ftZu tkg; b? ikfJnk ikt/ fiZE'A s[;] nkJ/ ;h.

:kBh fe T[; bzph ekb e'mVh ftZu, fi;d/ nzdo e'Jh o"ôBh Bk ik ;e/, c/o s[jkB{z

T[E/ Bzrh coô T[Zs/ fgZm goB/ fbNkfJnk ikt¶, f;oø s[jkv/ bZe d[nkb/ jh eZgVk

bg/fNnk oj/, id'A fe pkeh ;kok ;oho Bzrk oj/, fe s[jkv/ ;oho T[Zs/ b'j/ dk fJZe

n?Bk Gkok p'M oZfynk ikt/ fizBk fe s[;] ;jko ;e', ns/ c/o T[; s'A th tZX Gkok,

fe s[jkB{z gfjb/ fdB ykD d/ tk;s/ w'NhnK o'NhnK d/ f;tkJ/, jo e'Jh uh÷ Bk

fdZsh ikt/, d{i/ fdB i/bQ d/ ckNe d/ ;G s'A B/V/ d/ N'J/ ftZu fJeZm/ j'J/ gkDh dhnK

fszB x[ZNK fdZshnK ikD, shi/ fdB c/o gfjbK tork jh ykDk fdZsk ikt/, ns/

nfijhnK o'NhnK ns/ nfijk fJZe-fJZe fdB SZve/ T[d'A sZe fdZsk ikt/, id'A

sZe fe s[;] wo Bk ikt'.@

fJj ;÷k n"os-wod d'tK B{z ;wkB o{g ftZu T[jBK ;kohnK fe;wK d/

÷[owK d/ tk;s/ fdZsh rJh i' r?o wkw{bh Bj] ;B.

168 169

gzBk 116 (89)

pd/ôh r[bkwh L

pd/ôh i{b/ dh nXhBsk okôNoK d/ gsB d/ gqpb ekoDK ftZu'A fJZe j?.

- gq'a Jha Jha o";

b'eszso dh gqG{;Zsk ns/ ftd/ôh okôNo L

fJe ftd/ôh b'eK d/ T[Zs/ fJZe b'eszso dhnK ekotkJhnK fizBhnK

MgZNwko ns/ p/feoe j[zdhnK jB, n?BhnK j'o fe;/ th ôkôB dhnK Bj] j[zdhnK.

bkbk ih3ftnkj L vka N?r'o dh wkBsk j? fe nkfdw :[ZrK s'A b? e/ nZi sZe ftnkj

dh gqDkbh f;oø Gkos ftZu jh Bj] pbfe ;koh d[BhnK ftZu n"os ns/ wod d/

;Zu/ fwbD d/ okj ftZu fJZe o[ektN (o'Vk) pDh j'Jh j?, i' fe f;oø sK jh ;zGt j?

id'A ;wki n?Bk ;woZE j' ikt/ fe T[j n"os B{z, xo ftZu ouBkswe ekoi eoB s'A

o'e/ pr?o, T[;dh ftô/ô gqfsGk B{z ouBkswe ekoi ftZu fbnkT[D tk;s/ fJZe

ftnkge y¶so w[jZJhnk eo ;e/.

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Bkrfoe ns/ wB[Zy L

;gkoNktk;h g/vkeoNh÷ fszB ;" dh gohôd ftZu dkyb/ d/ tk;s/ jk÷o

j'fJnk, gozs{T[;B{z tkg; w'V fdZsk frnkl T[j fJ; y[ôh ftZu w[V frnk fe 300

;gkoNk tk;h T[; Bkb'A p/jso sK ;B. w?A ;wMdk jK fe fJ; ftZu ;zd/j dh e'Jh

rz[ikfJô Bj] fe T[j ;Zuk ;h.

T[j fJZe ;Zuk Bkrfoe ;h.

fJZe ;gkoNk tk;h wK d/ gzi g[Zs c"i ftZu ;B. fJZe r[bkw nkfJnk.

ezpd/ j'fJnK T[;B/ jkbukb g[ZfSnk ! šs/o/ gzi/ g[Zs wko fdZs/ rJ/.@

šs[ZS r[bkw, eh s/o/ e'b'A w?A fJj g[ZfSnk ;h<@

šn;] fiZs jk;b eo bJh j?.@ T[j d/tfsnK dk XzBtkd eoB bJh GZie/

wzdo ftu ik tVh.

T[j fJZe ;Zuh Bkrfoe ;h.

J/fwbh, gza 8

ihtB ns/ f;Zfynk L

b'e f;oc nkgD/ pZu/ dh f÷zdrh dh ;bkwsh d/ jh pko/ ;'ud/ ofjzd/ jB,

gozs{n?Bk jh ekøh Bj] j?, nro T[j fJB;kB j? sK T[;B{z y[d th nkgDh f÷zdrh

dh ;bkwsh ;zpzXh f;Zfyns j'Dk io{oh j?. sKfe T[j fe;ws d// EZgVK B{z ;fj ;e/.

;zgdk ns/ rohph dk pjkdoh Bkb Nkeok eo ;e/, b'V g?D s/ nkJh;b?Av dh poø d/ ftZu iK wkbNk dhnK sZgdhnK uNkBK T[Zs/ fBtk; eo ;eD. p/eko jh s[;] w"s d/ fybkø õ?o wBkT[Ad/ j' T[;B/ woBk sK j? jh, ns/ Gb/ jh s[;] nkgDhnK j'fônkohnK d/ Bkb T[;B{z Bk woB d/Dk ukj', gozs{fJj fJZe G[b/yk (w[rkbsk) jh j?.

T[;B{z w"s s'A puD dh pikfJ fiT[D dh f;Zfynk d/t' ! ihtB ;kj b?Dk Bj] pbfe eow j?. nkgDhnK fJzdohnK dk, nkgD/ fdwkr dk nkgDhnK :'rsktK dk ns/ nkgDh j'Ad B{z u/sB pDkJh oZyD tkb/ jo fJZe Gkr dk fJ;s/wkb eoBk j?. ihtB dk noE T[wo dh bzpkJh ftZu xkN, fiT[D d/ p/jso Yzr ftZu tZX j?. fJZe nkdwh ;" toQ/ fiT[D d/ pkd epo ftZu ik ;edk j?, b/feB T[;dk fiT[Dk p/noE th j' ;edk j?. uzrk j[zdk fe T[j itkBh ftZu jh wo frnk

j[zdk .

- J/fwbh gza 10

172 173

gzBk 118 (91)

;Zu L ;Zu e'Jh y÷kBk Bj] gqdkB eodk ns/ iBsk e'Jh okid{s iK gq'c?;o

dk gd iK g?BôB Bj] gqdkB eodh .

- o{;' 122 n?;a ;ha

÷[ow ns/ w[ifow L

šaaaaaaaaaaaoNhnK oNkJhnK XkoBktK d/ e/ i[ow B{z ;wMkfJnk Bj] ik

;edk. b'e fJzM ;'ud/ jB T[; Bkb'A fJ;dk cb;ck e[ZM tZX jh r[zMbdko j?. fJj sK

wzBh j'Jh rZb j? fe Bk e'Jh e?d, Bk e'Jh ekb e'mVh ns/ Bk e'Jh em'o w[ôZes dh

gqDkbh jh fe;/ w[ifow B{z ;[Xko ;edh j?. dzv-ftXkB d/ fJj o{g f;oø T[;B{z dzfvs

eod/ jB ns/ ;wki B{z fJj :ehB fdtkT[Ad/ jB fe T[j j'o i[ow Bj] eo{rk. e?d,

fB:w ftXkB ns/ em'o s'A em'o w[ôZes T[; T[Zs/ e'Jh n;o Bj] gk ;ed/, f;tkJ/

fJ;d/ fe nfij/ ftnesh ftZu fJZe Gkoh Bcos, tofis ezw B{z j'o ukn Bkb

eoB dh fJZe bbe, ns/ fJZe y"cBke Bk cowkBh jh fte;s j' iKdh j?. fJ; bJh

w/oh gZe/ s"o s/ fJj wkBsk j? fe fJj ekb e'mVh tkbh gozgokrs gqDkbh

fdyktNh ns/ egN g{oD Bshi/ jh eZYdh j?. fJj w[ifow e'b'A T[;dh skes fBu'V

b?Adh j?, T[;B{z pbjhD pDke/ ns/ vok e/ T[;dh nkswk s/÷jhD eo ;[ZNdh j?, ns/

fJ; soQK nzs B{z T[;B{z gôukskg ns/ ;[Xko d/ fJZe Bw{B/ ti'A, fJZe p/ikB

:kdrko d/ o{g ftZu jh gq;s[s eodh j?.

dk jkT{; nkø v?v gza 17

c'd'o d';s't;eh

174 175

gzBk 119 (92)

fJZSk pBkw ;zs[ôNh !

i/eo fJe u/sB gqkDh dhnK ôeshnK T[;dhnK fJZSktK d/ pokpo

j[zdhnK sK T[j g{oh soQK ;[yh j[zdk. b/feB nkgDhnK fJZSktK B{z ;hws eoBk jh

ekøh Bj] j?, feT[Afe i/eo T[j ;kvhnK ôeshnK s'A xZN jB, sK ;kvhnK

:'rsktK dk fJZe nzô T[AM jh p/eko ufbnk ikt/rk, ns/ sK n;] nkgD/ g{o/

n;fsZst dk nBzd th Bj] b? ;eKr/. fJ;h soQK, nkgDhnK ôeshnK dk wfji

ft;sko th ekøh Bj] j?, feT[Afe i/ ;kvhnK fJZSktK th tZX ikD, sK c/o n;] j'o

d[yh j' iktKr/. ;Zuk ;[y sK nkgDhnK fJZSktK ns/ nkgDhnK ôeshnK d/

ftukb/ nzso B{z xNkT[Ad/ ikD ftZu fBfjs j?.

- 44 J/fwbh

176 177

gzBk 120 (93)

šp[oi{nk fJBebkp dk iBw nkgDh g{ottosh ôkôB ftt;Ek ftZu

gfjbK s'A jh w"i{d go;fEsh ekoD j[zdk j?.@

šp[oi{nk fJBebkp nkw s"o Ós/ ;Zsk T[Zgo ep÷/ d/ Bkb jh ysw j' iKdk

j?. b/feB ;otjkok (g'b/skoh) fJBebkp d/ tk;s/ ;Zsk T[Zgo ep÷k sK wfji

fJZe ô[o{nks Go j?, ;Zsk id'A ep÷/ ftZu nk iKdh j? sK T[j g[okDh noE ftt;Ek

d/ o{gKsoD ns/ fJZe Bt] noE-ftt;Ek d/ ;zrmB d/ bJh fJZe bhvo d/ o{g

ftZu fJ;s/wkb ehsh iKdh j?.

gza 20

šni/ th d/ p/jZd n"y/ ns/ nfsnzs efmB i[zw/tkohnK pkeh jB - (fJZe

d/ô :kBh o{; ftZu w"i{dk ;kôB ftt;Ek B{z T[ykV ;[ZND d/ pkd th).

š;G s'A gfjbh ÷[zw/tkoh j? nzdo{Bh ;zrmB.@

šd{ih wjZstg{oD ;wZf;nk Gzvko fJBebkp dhaaaaaaaaaaaanzso okôNoh

;wZf;nktK dk jZb eoB dh, ;z;ko fJBebkp B{z nZr/ tXkT[D dh j? (fi;d/ jZb

ehs/ pr?o efwT{fB;N ;kôB ftt;Ek nzso okôNoh g{zihtkd d/ yso/ fto[ZX

;[oZfyns Bj] ofj ;edh.

gza 21-22

178 179

gzBk 121 (94)

i/eo ;otjkok B/ nkpkdh d/ pj[wZs B{z nkgD/ gZy ftZu eoBk j? sK T[;d/

tk;s/ ;G s'A gfjbK io{oh j? fe T[j p[oi{nk tor B{z iVQ'A T[ykV ;[ZN/ ns/ oki ;Zsk

T[Zgo ep÷k eo/.

2a d{i/, T[;B{z g[okD/ oki T[goeD B{z s'Ve/ ;'thns ;Zsk ;Ekfgs eoBk

ns/ fJZe MNe/ ftZu T[; gqGkt B{z ysw eo d/Dk ÷o{oh j?, fi;B{z p[oi{nk tor ns/

tor-;fj:'r d/ fBwB p[oi{nk ntorh ;wZoEe fwjBseô (r?o-;otjkok) iB

;w[dkfJnK T[Zs/ gkT[Ad/ ofjzd/ jB.

3a shi/ ;otjkok tor d/ tk;s/ ntZôe j? fe T[j T[; gqGkt B{z g{oh soQK

nzfsw s"o s/ BôN eo ;[ZN/, fi;B{z p[oi{nk tor ns/ fBwB p[oi{nk ;wM"sktkdh

pj[;zfyne fwjBseô (r?o-;otjkok) iB ;w[dkfJnK d/ T[Zgo gkT[Ad/ ofjzd/ jB.

fJj ;'ôeK dh ehws s/ fJjBK ;w[dkfJnK dhnK nkoEe b'VK d/ fJBebkph

s[ôNheoD d/ okj] ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?.1fBe'bkJh b?fBB gza 23

š;otjkok fveN/NofôZg dk wsbp j? iB ;w[dkfJnK dk efwT{fB;N

gkoNh okj] wkor doôe ns/ fBd/ôB. i/ gkoNh ekøh gqGkt ns/ fB:zsoD pDkJh

oZy/ j'J/ j?, fco th J/Bk jh ;G e[M Bj] j?. nkgD/ wkor doôB d/ fJbktk iB

;w[dkfJnK dh ÒfJZSkÓ th fe;/ T[d/ô ftô/ô dh gqkgsh d/ tk;s/ ntZôe j[zdh j?.@

š;kB{z fJj ;theko eoBk j't/rk fe w÷d{oK d/ ftnkge ;w[dkfJnK dk

tor u/sB xZN frDsh okj] nrtkJh ns/ wkor doôB ÷o{oh j? ns/ fJj gkoNh

jh j' ;edh j?. gkoNh d/ e'b'A gkoNh B{z ;otjkok w÷d{oK Bkb i'VB d/ bJh No/v

:[BhnBK jB- okiBhse y/so ftZu ;kohnK fwjBse; iB;w{dktK Bz{ fJ; Bkb

i'VB tk;s/ ;'thnsK jB.

{gzBk 122 (95)}

180 181

nkoEe y/so ftZu yk; s"o Ós/ fe;kB ;w[dktK B{z i'VB d/ bJh Òe'nkgq/fNtÓ (;fjekoh ;z;EktK) jB, B"itkB ghVQh ftZu'A efwT{fB;NK B{z

f;Zfyns eoB d/ bJh ÒB"itkB ;GktKÓ jB. nzs ftZu, gkoNh y[d jh ;otjkok 2fveN/Nofôg d/ nzsors fJZe gogZe wkor doôe j?.@

182 183

gzBk 123 (96)

nzeV/ L nkwdBhnK ftZu n;wkBsk

T[sgkdB L :[ZX s'A gfjbK :{BkJhNv fezrvw (:{a e/a) dk (fJzrb?Av)

;kbkBk T[sgkdB dk wkB fojk £ 2000, 000, 000

pd/ôh fBt/ôK s'A bkG £ 200, 000, 000

e[Zb i'V £ 2200, 000, 000

tzv L

e[Zb nkpkdh d/ 1$9 noEks xZN s'A xZN ;kbkBk

g{zihgsh iK p[oi{nk B/ b? fbnk n";s nkwdB £ 160

e[Zb T[sgkdB dk 1$2 noEks £ 1100, 000, 000

e[Zb nkpkdh d/ 2$9 noEks n";s nkwdB £ 160

fBwB p[oi{nk tor d/ pkeh nZX dk 1$3 gqshtoô s'A xZN

iK e[Zb dk 1$6 b? fbnk noEks £ 300, 000, 000

nkpkdh d/ 2$3 noEks ;ohoe n";s nkwdB B/ £ 60

fwjBs eoB tkb/ iK ;otjkok B{z tkofôe

pkeh fwfbnk £ 800, 000, 000

;z:[es oki nwohek L 1890 ftZu

e[Zb g?dktko dk 40 gqshôs (g?dktko d/ ;kXBK d/ wkbeK B{z fwfbnk

e[Zb T[sgkdB dk 60 gqshôs ;ko/ w÷d{oK B{z fdZsk frnk.

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184 185

gzBk 124 (97)

ihtB dk T[d/ô L

šihtB dk T[d/ô wB B{z fB:zsfos (ezNo'b) eoBk Bj] pbfe T[;dk

;[;zrs ftek; eoBk j?, woB d/ pkd w[esh gqkgs eoBk Bj], pbfe fJ; ;z;ko

ftZu jh T[;dk ;G s'A tXhnk fJ;s/wkb eoBk j?, e¶tb fXnkB ftZu jh Bj],

pbfe o'÷kBk ihtB d/ :EkoE nB[Gt ftZu th ;Zu, fôt ns/ ;z[do dk o{po{eoBk

j?, ;wkie T[ZBsh e[ZM e[ dh T[ZBsh T[go Bj], pbfe pj[fsnK dh ;wfoZXh T[Zgo

fBoGo eodh j?, ns/ nksfwe b'eszso iK ;otG"fwe GogZD, f;oø sK jh gqkgs

ehsk ik ;edk j?, id'A ;wkie, okiBhse ns/ T[d:'fre ihtB ftZu w"fenK dh

;wkBsk j't/.@

186 187

gzBk 165 (100)

oki dk ftfrnkB L1 2 3 4 gqkuhB oki ftt;Ek L o'w ns/ ;gkoNk , no;s{ ns/ gb?N' L oki d/ gqsh

ftnesh dh w[s?jsh fJjBK gqkuhB oki ftt;EktK (gqDkbhnK iK gqpzXK), 5;gkoNk ns/ o'w dh gqw[Zy yk;hns ;h. j/bk; ftZu, iK o'w ftZu, Bkrfoe B{z pZ;

e[M e[ fBZih nfXeko gqkgs ;B. T[;dk nkuoD ekch jZd sZe ;otifBe

;?A;ofôg d/ nXhB ;h, ns/ T[;dk Xow oki ;Zsk tZb'A bkr{ehsk frnk j[zdk ;h.

fJZe wkso ;Zu/ Bkrfoe ns/ gqG{;Zsk ;zgB ;zrmB d/ w?Apo yk; nfXekoK d/ XkoBh

ebhB tor d/ ;[szso b'e j[zd/ ;B, fijBK d/ tk;s/ ;ohoe fwjBs r[bkw (dk;)

efonk eod/ ;B, fijBK (dk;K) e'b/ e'Jh Bkrfoe nfXeko Bj] ;B.6;[eoks L ;[eoks B{z fJj dbhb fdzfdnK g/ô ehsk iKdk j? fe i' e'Jh th

Bkrfoe oki ftZu gj[zuD d/ pkd, i/eo nkgDh wo÷h Bkb fJZe Bro ftZu ofjD

bZr/, sK T[;B{z ;oeko dh w[s?jsh (nXhBrh) ;theko eoBh ukjhdh j?, Gb/ jh

T[;B{z fJ;d/ ekB{zB nDT[fuZs feT[A Bk bZrD, fJ; nB[;ko jh fJ; nkXko s/ fe i/

T[j i/b ftZu'A coko j' e/ GZi ikt/, sK oki d/ Bkb T[;dk fJeoko Gzr j' ikJ/rk,

T[j fJZe rbs ;÷k d/ bkr{j'D dk th fJzs÷ko eod/ ofjD tk;s/ fsnko oj/.

gb?N' L (;wkfie ;wM"sk) T[j ;wki ns/ oki dh T[sgsh B{z go;gfoe

(nkg;h) b'VK ftZu'A t/ydk j?, feT[Afe wB[Zy nbZr-nbZr ofje/ nkgDhnK pj[-

gZyh b'VK B{z ;zs[ôN eoB ftZu n;woE j[zd/ jB. T[j fJZe nkdoôtkdh ;gkoNk dk

fusoD eofdnK nkydk j?, šfJZe nkdoô oki ftZu, dkoôfBeK B{z ;kôB eoBk

ukjhdk j?, ns/ BkrfoeK d/ ;zrmB B{z e[bhB szso iK ;ot ;q/ôNK dh ;oeko d/

gqsh fBôus s"o s/ nkfrnkekoh j'Dk ukjhdk j?.@ T[j BkrfoeK dh ;[u/s f;Zfynk

ns/ ftfdnk T[Zgo ÷'o fdZdk j?.

no;s{L fJj gfjbk ftnesh ;h fi;B/ okiBhsh B{z Bhsh ôkôso s'A w[es

ehsk, jkbKfe T[j u"ezBk th ;h fe fJj d'B'A fJZe d{i/ s'A fpbe[b jh tZy Bk j'

ikD. T[;dh dbhb ;h, šb'eK dh pj[frDsh ftt/e dh pikJ/ nkgDhnK GktBktK

Bkb ;kfôs j[zdh j?, ns/ fJ; bJh oki d/ tk;s/ ÷o{oh j? fe T[j T[jBK B{z ihtB Go

nB[;kôB ftZu ofjD dh No/fBzr d/t/, fit/A fe ;gkoNk ftZu j?. id'A sZe

okiBhse ;wki ;Ekgs Bj] j[zdk, T[d'A sZe fJB;kø (fBnK) dk e'Jh gq;kôB Bj]

j' ;edk (b/feB) fJ;d/ tk;s/ ntZôe j? fe ;ot'sw ;zftXkB ns/ ekB{zB-

fBowkD dh ;ot'sw gqDkbh dh y'i ehsh ikt/aaaaaaaaa.

188 189

gzBk 166 (101)

šoki dk phi, gfotko iK NZpo ftZu j[zdk j?. eJh gfotkoK d/ ;z:[es j'D Bkb rqkw (fgzv) ;w[dkfJ dh T[sgsh j'Jh j? (fi;d/) w?Apo fgsk ;Zskswe ;oeko d/ nXhB j[zd/ jB.@

šeJh fgzvK B{z fwbke/ oki dk fBowkD j'fJnk, i' fJZe gqfeose, ;[szso ns/ ;t? fBoGo ;zrmB ;h.@

šgozs{fiZE/ gfotko fJZe ftneshst tb'A ;kfôs j[zdk j?, T[E/ ;zftXkBe ;oekoK ftZu ftnesh ;[szso ns/ nkgD/ ;kôeK d/ ;wkB j[zd/ jB.@

šgqfeose ;wkie w?sqh (GogZD) ns/ go;go bkG s'A J/esk pDdh j?. wB[Zy nkgD/ ;[Gkn s'A fJZe okiBhse (;wkfie) gqkDh j?.@

šoki fJZe ;zrmB (;z:'r) s'A fes/ tZX j?, fi; Bkb ftnesh i[V ;ed/ jB iK fpBK e'Jh øoe g?D d/ SZv ;ed/ jB, b/feB ;[szso iK Bkrfoesk ofjs wB[Zy dk ftôtkô eoB:'r, n;ZfGnk ns/ fJZe Bkrfoe Bkb'A tZyoh e'Jh uh÷ j[zdh j?.

gb?N' L

gb?N' B/ fJZe nfij/ ;zrmB d/ o{g ftZu oki dh fJ; ntXkoBk dk g{ot nB[wkB ehsk ;h fi;d/ w?Apo fJZe ;op gqtkfBs T[d/ô d/ tk;s/ fJe;{osk g{oD Yzr Bkb i[V/ j'D.

no;s{L

no;s{dh wkBsk ;h fe fiZE/ ;[szsosk ns/ ;wkBsk j't/, T[E/ tkoh tkoh Bkb ;kôB ns/ nXhBheoD j't/, b/feB ;G s'A tXhnk fJj jh j? fe i/ ;zGt j't/ sK T[j jh ftnesh jw/ôk ;kôB (oki) eod/ ofjD.

gb?N' d/ ;kwtkd d/ fto'X ftZu T[;dh dbhb pkekfJdk fB:w fBoXkos fBZih ikfJdkd d/ gZy ftZu ;h, fi;d/ fgS'eV ftZu T[;dk ftuko ;h fe oki ftZu f;oø fJZe B?fse J/esk ;zGt iK fJZSs j?.

;oekoK dhnK fe;wK

T[;B/ ;oekoK B{z okiszsoK, e[bhBszsoK ns/ rDszsoK ns/ eqwtko T[jBK d/ ftrV/ j'J/ o{gK fit¶A fBoze[ô szsoK, nbg szsoK ns/ b'eszsoK ftZu torheoD ehsk, fi;dk nkXko fJj ;h fe fJjBK ftZu ;ot T[Zu ;Zsk fJZe iK e[ZM iK eJhnK d/ jZEK ftZu j[zdh j? ns/ fJjBK dk T[d/ô nkw fjZs iK ;kôeK dk fBZih fjZs j[zdk j? ns/ fJjBK ftZu ;[szsosk, ;zgdk, ;z;feqsh ns/ e[bhBsk tZb] th stZ÷'A fdZsh iKdh j?.

jo fJZe oki gqDkbh d/ fszB nzr j[zd/ jB. 1a ;bkjekoh 2a ekoiekoh ns/ 3a ekB{zB ftt;Ek iK fBnK gqDkbh . Bkrfoesk dk fBoXkoD Bk sK fBtk; Bkb j[zdk j? Bk jh ekB{zBh nfXeko gqkgs j'D Bkb, pbfe fBnKfJe ;Zsk ns/ ;oekoh ezw eki ftZu Gkrhdko j[zdk j?.

B?fsesk dh fJZe fBôus gZXo gqkgs eoe/ eJhnK B{z ;kôB eoBk ukjhdk j?, feT[Afe nbZr-nbZr ftneshrs s"o s/ ezw d/ :'r j'D d/ pkti{d T[j ;KM/ s"o s/, e[ZM e[ u'Dt/A ftneshnK Bkb fes/ tZX us[o ns/ tZX ;dr[D ;zgB j[zd/ jB. gozs{;kohnK ;bkjeko ns/ fBnKfJe ekotkJhnK B{z ;zGkbD d/ pkti{d, T[jBK B{z T[Zusw ekoiekoh nj[fdnK s'A go/Q jh oZyDk ukjhdk j?. ;G s'A tXhnk oki gqDkbh j? fi; ftZu pj[s XBh ns/ pj[s rohp d/ ftuekobk wZX tor ;oeko ubkt/, ekoD fe fJ; tor dk ihtB ;G s'A ;EkJh (fNekT{) j[zdk j? ns/ fJj ;G Bkb'A tZX ftt/e ;zrs ns/ Bkb jh ;zftXkB ekotkJh ftZu ;G s'A ;woZE th j[zdk j?.

190 191

gzBk 167 (102)

fJ; eoe/, fJ;d/ tk;s/ fJj nkfynk iKdk j? fe gqG{;Zsk B{z BkrfoeK dh pj[frDsh

ftZu ftdwkB j'Dk ukjhdk j?, fijBK ftZu p/ôZe r[bkw Bj] nkT[Ad/.

b'eszso ftneshrs ;[szsosk d/ wkwb/ ftZu pokpoh (;wkBsk) pko/ fJewZs j[zd/

jB, fi;dk e[dosh noE fJj j? fe ;ko/ Bkrfoe, oki d/ nj[fdnK T[Zgo fpokiwkB j'D iK

u[D/ ikD d/ bJh, ns/ jo fJZe ;kfonK T[Zs/ ns/ ;ko/ jo fJZe T[Zgo ;kôB eoB d/ tk;s/

gqtkfBs j[zd/ jB.

no;s{th gb?N' dh GKfs jh b'eszso B{z ;oeko dk fJZe ftrfVnk j'fJnk ;o{g

wzBdk ;h, ns/ efjzdk ;h fe fJj j'o fe;/ fe;w d/ okiK dh s[bBk tZv/ okiK d/ tk;s/ tZX

Y[etK j?.

;N'fJetkdh L f;fBetkdh1J/ghfBT{o;tkdh L J/ghfBT{o; dk efjDk ;h, šfJB;kø fBnK, nkgD/ nkg ftZu

e[ZM Bj] j?, fJj pZ; go;go B[e;kB o'eD d/ tk;s/ (fBnK d/ nkXko d/ s"o s/) ;wM"s/ dh fJZe

soshp wkso j?.@

;N'fJe L (tkd)

dkoôfBe i/B' (340-260 Jha g{a) dk fJZe u/bk, fi;B/ J/EBi d/ ;N'nk

gkJhebkJhN (g/ANv g'ou) Bkw] prhu/ ftZu nkgDh dkoôfBe ôkyk dk f;ybkJh ;z;EkB 4y'fbnk. pkd ftZu e?N' dk :zro, ;¶B¶ek, wkeo:{; n'o'bhn; o'wB ;N'fJetkdh j'J/. ;N'fJe

ôpd dk ôpfde noE j? L ÒT[j ftnesh i' ;[y iK d[Zy d/ gqsh T[dk;hB j't/.Ó

;N'fJetkd g[okD/ doôB dh fJe ôkyk j?, i' ihtB ns/ eosZt d/ gqsh nkgD/

fdqôNhe'D ftZu J¶ghfBT{o;tkd dh ÷'odko fto'Xh j?, ns/ ;[Zy iK d[Zy d/ gqsh ftoes j?.

f;fBektkd L 5dkoôfBeK dk fJZe ;zgodkfJ fi;dh ;EkgBk J/EBi d/ J/ANh;E/Bhi (iBw 444 Jha

g{a) B/ ehsh ;h, fi;dh toBD:'r ftô/ôsk XB d"bs, ebk, ftfrnkB ns/ wB'oziB d/ fto[ZX

fJZe ;gôN fxqDk d/ o{g ftZu ;h. fJjBK B{z f;fBek fJjBK d/ o[Zy/ fttjko d/ ekoD nkfynk

iKdk j?. f;fBektkd ed/-ed/ wB[Zyh ;[Gk d/ gqsh fsq;eko (fxqDkwJh) GktBk d/ tk;s/ th

fJ;s/wkb ehsk iKdk j?.

J/ghfBT{o;tkdh L

J/ghfBT{o; (341-270) Jha g{a) fJZe :{BkBh dkoôfBe ;h, fi;dh f;Zfynk ;h fe

;[Zy jh n;bh uh÷ j?. J/ghfBT{o;tkdh T[;B{z fejk iKdk j? fijVk ykU-ghU ns/ w"i-w;sh

ftZu ftôtkô eodk j?.

192 193

gzBk 168 (103)

o'wB oki gqDkbh L

šo'wBK B/ okiBhse f;XKs ftZu xZN jh nfijk tkXk ehsk fi;dk gqsZy wjZst

j't/, b/feB fJZe r{VQ/ s"o s/ ;zpzfXs ftGkr :kBh ekB{zB ôkôB ftZu T[jBK B/ v{zxh o[uh tkbk

ns/ tvw[Zbk :'rdkB gkfJnk.

i;-f;fte ns/ i;-i/AfNnw

rDszso d/ nzsors, šBkrfoe ekB{zB@ (i;-f;fte) d/ fJbktk, i; i/AfNnw

(okôNo d/ ekB{zB) BK Bkb pj[s ;ko/ fB:w ns/ f;XKs n;fsZst (j'Ad) ftZu nk u[Ze/ ;B,

fijV/, fJskbph ephfbnK d/ ftZu gqufbs nkw ftô/ôsktK B{z gqshfpzps eod/ ;B.

i;-B/u{ob

wjkB o'wB fiT{o;-ezB;bN; (ekB{zB ns/ ftfrnkB d/ wkfjo) (;N'fJetkdhnK d/

ftuko s'A gq¶oDk b? e/) j"bh-j"bh gqfeosh d/ ekB{zB (i;-B/u{ob) Bz{i;-i/AfNnw d/ ;wo{g

wzBD bZr/.

T[jBK dh f;Zfynk ;h fe fJj ekB{zB d?th (oZph) ns/ ôkôts ;h ns/ fJj eJh yk;

okiK d/ ekB{zBK Bkb'A nkgDh ;ukJh s/ T[fuZusk ftZu tZX ;q/ôN ;h. gqkfeqse ekB{zB B{z tk;st

ftZu n;fsZstwkB wzfBnk iKdk ;h ns/ fJ;B{z Bkrfoe ekB{zB Bkb ;zpzfXs ;wfMnk iKdk

;h.

J/AN'fBnkJh ekb ftZu, id'A o'wB ekB{zB nkgDk w[ezwb ftek; eo u[Zfenk ;h ns/

;N'fJetkdh f;XKs ;otnfXe gqGkth j' u[Ze/ ;B, sK ekB{zBh wkfjoK B/ okiBhse f;XKsK d/

o{g ftZu Bj], pbfe fBnK ôkôsoh d/ o{g ftZu, fJj f;XKs ;{so tZX ehsk fe,

š;ko/ wB[Zy iwKdo {;[szso j[zd/ jB.@

ns/ fe gqfeqsh d/ ekB{zB gZy'A, š;ko/ wB[Zy pokpo j[zd/ jB.@ fi;dk nzsohth noE

fJj ;h fe Gb/ jh Bkrfoe ekB{zB ftu tor G/d dh wkBsk ;h, gqfeosh d/ ekB{zB d/ ;Bw[Zy

;w[Zuh wkBt iksh pokpo ;h.

o'wB oki ftt;Ek ftZu ;wkfie ;wM"sk L

id'A fe o'wB ekB{zB xkfVnK B/ Bkrfoe ;wki dh T[sgsh d/ s"o s/ fe;/ ;wM"s/ B{z

;theko Bj] ehsk ;h fco th gqtkBs nfXekoK ns/ øo÷K Bz{fJZe ebfgs, b/feB r?o-w"i{d

;wM"s/ Bkb f;ZX eoB dk fJZe o[MkD w"i{d ;h.

gqG{;Zsk d/ wkwb/ ftZu, Bkrfoe e'w/fNnk fNqpT{ok ftZu fJeZso j' e/ rDszso d/

;[Bfjoh fdBK ftZu, ;ot T[Zu ;Zsk d/ o{g ftZu ezw eod/ ;B.

;kwoki d/ nzsors, gqG{;Zsk ;wokN ftZu fBfjs ;h, ns/ pkd d/ fiT{o; eB;bN;

d/ nB[;ko, b'e b/e; o/ihnk d/ nB[;ko, ;ot T[Zu ewkB jo fJZe ;wokN B{z, T[;d/ ;kôB d/

nozG j[zd/ jh, ;"Ag fdZsh iKdh ;h, ns/ fJ; soQK ;kôB eoB ns/ ekB{zB pDkT[D d/ nkgD/ ;ko/

nfXeko T[;d/ jtkb/ eo fdzd/ ;B.

194 195

gzBk 169 (104)

wZX :[Zr (NkZw; J/fetBk;)

NkZw; J/fetBk; L (1226-1274) d/ ;pzXh nkfynk ikdk j? fe T[j wZX :[Zr d/ okiBhse f;XKs dk gqw[Zy gqtose ;h. T[;B/ o'wB, ekB{zB;k÷K dk nB[;oD eod/ j'fJnK, fJZe gqfeose ekB{zB B{z wkBsk fdZsh, fi;d/ f;XKs wkBth ftt/e ftZu d?th o{g s'A ;w'J/ rJ/ (wzB/ rJ/-;z) ns/ fJ;d/ Bkb jh T[;B/ T[jBK gqsZy ekB{zBK B{z th wkBsk fdZsh, i' tZy tZy okiK ftZu fGzB fGzB j'fJnk eod/ ;B.

T[;dk efjDk ;h fe ekB{zB pDkT[D tkbh ;Zsk, i' fe gqG{;Zsk dh bk÷wh yk;hns j[zdh j?, nkw efbnkD dh fdôk ftZu fBod/ôs j'Dh ukjhdh j?, ns/ fe T[; T[d/ô dh gqkgsh tk;s/, fJ;B{z pj[frDsh ;zfynk b'eK iK T[jBK d/ B[wkfJzd/, okiK Bkb i[Vh j'Dh ukjhdh j?. T[;B{z okiK, e[bhBK ns/ b'eK dh fwbh i[bh ;oeko ;G s'A tXhnk bZrdh ;h fi; ftZu ;ot T[Zu ;Zsk d/ o{g ftZu g'g (w[Zy gkdoh) j't/.

gkd{nk dk wkof;bhU(1328 w"s);wM"s/ dh XkoDk

nkgDh ouBk Òfvc/A;o g?f;iÓ ftZu gkd{nk d/ wkof;bhU B/ b'e-nkXkfos gqG{;Zsk d/ f;XKs dh tekbs ehsh, ns/ b"fee ;Zsk d/ gqsh T[jBK g'gtkdh gkyzvK dk fto'X ehsk, i' ckb;' fvfeqNb; T[Zgo nkXkos ;B. (b'eK dh y[dw[yfsnkoh)

feT[Afe wB[Zy d/ Bkrfoe ihtB nkgD/ nkg;h fjZs d/ tk;s/ ngDkfJnk fJ; bJh ekB{zB th BkrfoeK d/ ;zrmB tZb'A jh pDkfJnk ikDk ukjhdk j?, ekB{zB id'A sZe T[jBK b'eK tZb'A Bj] pDkJ/ iKd¶, fijBK d/ fjZs fJjBK s'A f;ZX/ gqGkts j[zd/ jB ns/ fijBK B{z gsk j[zdk j? fe T[jBK dhnK b'VK eh jB, T[d'A sZe Bk sK T[j ;ot'sw nky/ ik ;ed/ jB ns/ Bk jh T[jBK dk ssgosk Bkb gkbD ehsk ik ;edk j?.

T[;B/ dknt/ d/ Bkb fejk fe ekB{zB pDkT[D tkbh ;Zsk b'eK ftZu ftdwkB (fBfjs) j[zdh j?, ns/ ftXkfJek (ekB{zB xVBh) dk ezw ekoigkfbek dk rmB eoBk j?, gozs{T[j T[;B{z th pdb iK oZd eo ;ed/ jB.

g[BZoikroD ;[Xko !!

g[ZBoikroD ftZu, frnkB d/ ;ko/ y/so ikro{e j' T[Zm/ ns/ i' beho dk øeho doôB j÷koK tfoQnK s'A Xow ôkôso dh ukeoh (r'bg[Dk) eodk nk fojk ;h j[D T[;dh EK gqfeqsh ns/ wB[Zy d/ fJZe Bt/A doôB B/ b? bJh, i' tZX T[dko, tZX rfjok ns/ tZX p'Xrkwh ;h.

p/eB B/ wB[Zy nfXG{stkd (;tkwhtkd) s'A gqfeqsh ns/ :EkoE tZb] w[VB dh nghb ehsh.

doôB (fcbk;ch) dk nkozG fBôu/ jh ;otG"fwe ;zd/jtkd s'A j'Dk ukjhdk j?. b/feB S/sh jh fJj sZE ;zd/j w[es t/fynk iKdk j? L wB[Zy ftZu fuzsBôhb f;XKs dk n;fsZst. u/sBk dk n;fs !

ekosktkdh doôB

;[XkoK d/ :[Zr ftZu nkswrs ;ZukJh T[Zs/ ftôtkô ns/ ftnesh dh ;Zsk dk fi; ÷'o ô'o d/ Bkb ;tkrs ehsk frnk T[j jh ekosktkdh doôB dk nkXko pfDnk.

ekosktkdh coK;h;h dkoôfBe o/B/ dk ekos (1596-1650) ns/ T[;d/ doôB Bkb ;zpzfXs .

196 197

gzBk 170 (105)

BtK :[Zr

;[Xko ekb d/ pkd, g'g dh ;Zsk vrwZrk rJh, ns/ ;kôB s/ iBsk (b'e]) d'BK d/ fdwkr nk÷kdh dh bfjo ftZu ozr/ ikD bZr/. b/feB fJZe Gzpb G{;/ dh ;fEsh th g?dk j' rJh. fJ; Bt] ;fEsh Bkb BfiZmD d/ tk;s/ pE/o/ fuzseK B/ oki d/ ;tkb pko/ ;'uDk nkozG eo fdZsk. fuzsB dhnK ftfGzB ôkyktK T[Zm yVQhnK j'JhnK.

w?fenkt/bh L

w?fenkt/bh - fJ; wôj{o fJskbth ftukoe B/ ;oeko d/ rDszsfoe ;o{g B{z ;ot'sw wzfBnk, gozs{;oeko d/ fJ; o{g d/ ;EkJhgD pko/ ;zd/j j'D d/ ekoD, T[;B/ fJZe ôeshôkbh oki szsokswe ;kôB B{z ;[oZfyns oZyD d/ f;XKs dk th fBo{gD ehsk ns/ J/;/ Bks/ T[;B/ Òdk fgqz;Ó dh ouBk ehsh.

fJe e/Adofeqs ;oeko dh T[;dh fjwkfJs dk :{og d/ okiBhse f;XKs ns/ fttjko T[Zs/ Gkoh gqGkt fgnk.

w?fenktbh ;zGkts gfjbk b/ye ;h fi;B/ fJZe dw Xow fBogZy fdqôNhe'D šokiBhsh@ pko/ ftuko ehsk.

j'o ftukoefJeoko ns/ ;wM"sk

j'o ftukoeK ftZu'A f÷nkdkso B/ fJeoko iK ;wM"s/ d/ f;XKs dk ;woEB ehsk. o'wB ekB{zB ftZu (fJeoko) ftneshnK d/ ftZu fJZe ;fjwsh dk f;ZNk j'fJnk eodk ;h ns/ fJ;dk x/ok ;wM"s/ Bkb'A S'Nk j'fJnk eodk ;h. id'A fe ;wM"sk fJeoko (iK fJeoko Bkwk) d/ Bkb Bkb fJZe bk÷wh co÷ th j[zdk ;h.

nfij/ ftukoeK d/ d' tZy-tZy ;zgqdkfJ ;B. gfjbh fe;w dk ;zgqdkfJ Jhôto (oZp) ns/ wB[Zy d/ ftueko fJeoko dh :j{dh XkoBk T[Zgo nkXkfos f;XKs dk gqshgkdB eodk ;h, i' ;wM"s/ dh o'wB XkoBk Bkb ;wo{fgs ;h. fJj ;oeko ns/ b'eK d/ ftZu fJZe nDfbys ;wM"s/ dk gqshgkdB eodk ;h.

d{ik iK nkX[fBe fe;w dk ;zgqdkfJ ftneshnK d/ ftueko fJZe fJeoko d/ ÷ohJ/ okiBhse ;wki dh ;z;EktZXsk (;zrmB) Bkb ;pzXs j?. fuzsB dh fJ; ôkyk d/ gqw[Zy ftukoe j{eo/, j"p;, bke ns/ o{;' j'J/ jB.

b'e-;[szsosk d/ fjwkfJsh

jT{f÷Bks

1a ftfvf;J/ e'ANk NkfJo?ZB; (1576) jT{f÷Bks b?Ar{J/s dh ouBk fJ; ftZu dbhb fdZsh rJh ;h fe okik nkgDh ;Zsk b'eK dh fJZSk s'A gqkgs eo/, ns/ fe i/ okik ekB{zBK d/ gfogkbD ftZu T[; fJeoko B{z Gzr eo/ i' T[;d/ ns/ b'eK d/ ftZu ;z:[es s"o s/ okiôkjh dh ;EkgBk d/ ;w/A ehsk frnk j[zdk j?, sK b'e] th oki gqsh tckdkoh s'A ;[szso j' ikDr/.

p[ekBB L

2a p[ekBB dk th fJj' jh efjDk ;h fe okik ns/ iBsk (b'e]) fJZe g?eN (;wM"s/) d/ sfjs tuBpZX j[zd/ jB ns/ fe i/ okik fJ;B{z Gzr eo d/t/, sK T[j nkgD/ nfXeko th rztk fdzdk j?.

198 199

gzBk 171 (106)

i/;{fJN L

3a fJZE'A sZe fe i/;{fJN p/bkofwe ns/ wkoJ/Bk dh th fJj' jh dbhb ;h fe okik

nkgDh ;Zsk b'eK s'A jkf;b eo/, gozs{g'g d/ nXhB oj/.

okik i/w÷ gfjbK (1609) L i/w÷ gfjb/ B/ fJ; f;XKs B{z, 1609 ftZu, ;z;d nzdo

fJZe GkôD fdzfdnK fJj nkye/ ;theko ehsk fe, šfJZe ;Ekgs oki dk jo fJZe fJB;kø

g;zd okik fJj t/yD bJh tuBpZX j? (f÷zw/tko j?) fe T[;dh ;oeko d/ rmB ftZu, b'eK d/

Bkb T[;d/ ekB{zBK d/ sfjs i' g?eN (;wM"sk) ehsk ikdk j?, T[j b'eK B{z wB÷{o th j't/.@

eBt?BôB gkobhnkw?AN (1688) L eBt?BôB gkobhnkw?AN B/ 1688 ftZu x'ôDk

ehsh fe i/w÷ d{ik B{z okik ns/ iBsk d/ ftueko w{b ;wM"s/ B{z s'Ve/ ;zftXkB B{z T[bND dh

e'fôô eoB d/ ekoD f;zxk;B ykbh eo d/Dk fgnk.

p"d/ (1586) L nkX[fBe ekb d/ gfjb/ ;zg{oD okiBhse dkoôfBe ns/ ÒfogpfbeÓ

(1577 ns/ 1586) d/ b/ye p"fdB dk efjDk j? fe š;wM"sk Bj] pbfe skes s'A rDoki dh

T[sgsh j'Jh j?.@ nkfd ekbhB fgZso ;Zskswe ;oekoK B{z fiZse/ iV'Q'A g[ZN ;[ZfNnk frnk,

ns/ fJ; soQK, gqfeqsfe (;[Gkfte) ;[szsosk dk nzs j' frnk.

T[;d/ ftuko s'A, šgqG{;Zsk BkrfoeK d/ T[Zs/ ;ot'T[Zu ;Zsk j?.@ T[j wzBdk ;h fe,

šgqG{;Zsk ;[szso, nyzv, ;EkJh, npdb ns/ fBogZy ;Zsk j?.@ T[;B/ gqG{;Zsk dh nkgDh

XkoBk ns/ T[; ;w/A dh w"i{d okiôkjh d/ ftueko xkbw/b eo fdZsk.

nbE{;hn; (1557-1638) L T[j ;gZôN o{g ftZu nkyD d/ tk;s/ ikfDnk iKdk j?

fe gqG{;Zsk fJZe wkso b'eK ftZu jh fBfjs j[zdh j?. okik f;oc T[;dk w?fi;No/N iK gqôkôB

Go j[zdk j?, ns/ fe ;w[dkfJ dk gqG{;Zsk dk nfXeko npdb j[zdk j?.

rq'fNn; (1625) L nkgDh ouBk švh iT{o/ p/bh JhN g/fo;@ (1628) ftZu rq'ôhn;

efjzdk j? fe wB[Zy d/ nzdo fJZe ôKshfgq: ns/ ftt;Es ;wki dh gqpb fJZSk j[zdh j?. b/feB

T[j n-gqsho'X dk f;XKs fte;s eodk j? ns/ fJ; rZb s'A fJBeko eodk j? fe b'e jw/ôk

ns/ jo irQk gqG{;Zsk ;zgB j[zd/ jB iK fJj fe ;kohnK ;oekoK ;kfôsK d/ tk;s/ rfms

j[zdhnK jB. gqG{;Zsk iK sK fiZs Bkb fwbdh j? iK ;fjwsh Bkb gozs{T[j fJ; XkoBK T[s/ ÷'o

fdzdk j? fe gqG{;Zsk ntzv ;Zsk j?.

j{eo L T[j nkgDh ouBk šfJzNoB?ôBb gkfbNh@ - yzv . (1592-93) ftZu gqfeosh

dh fJZe nfijh w"fbe dôk B{z ;theko eodk j? fi; ftZu ;ko/ wB[Zy pokpo ;B ns/ fe;/ th

ekB{zB d/ w[s?js Bj] ;B. wB[Zyh r"ot d/ nB[e{b ihtB dh fJZSk ns/ fJeZbkgD d/ gqsh

no[Zuh B/ T[jBK B{z ÒokiBhse ;wkiKÓ ftZu fJZei[ZN j'D tk;s/ gq/fos ehsk. Ògqfeqse o[MkDÓ

ns/ fJeZm/ ihtB fiT[D (r[÷koB) dh T[jBK dh fJetZXsk d/ s"o sohfenK pko/ gqsZy iK

r[gs ;fjwsh Bkb uZbD tkbh ftt;Ek jh toswkB ÒokiBhse ;wkiKÓ d/ d' p[fBnkdh

nkXko pD/. fJjBK ftZu'A d{i/ nkXko B{z jh n;] ÒiB fjZs d/ ekB{zBÓ nkyd/ jK.

200 201

gzBk 172 (107)

oki dh T[sgsh

gqG{;Zsk L ekB{zB ;Zsk dk ekoigkbek T[Zs/ th ezNo'b

Ò;kohnK nkg;h fôekfJsK, B[e;kBK ns/ rbshnK B{z d{o eoB d/ tk;s/ fJZe wkso sohek fe;/ fe;w dh ;oeko, iK ;ot gqtkBs fBnK eosk dh ftt;Ek eoBk jh ;h.Ó

T[j fJ; rZb s/ no;s{Bkb ;fjws ;h fe ;oeko dh T[sgsh okiszso s'A j'Jh. b/feB T[j fJj th efjzdk ;h fe, šekB{zB f;oø GbkJh iK efbnkD dh f;Zfynk jh Bj] fdzd/, pbfe toiDekoh ôesh th oZyd/ jB, i' ;kfôsK dh ;fjwsh Bkb gqkgs j[zdh j?, ns/ fijVh iK sK ftneshrs s"o s/ iK gqshfBXhnK (B[wkfJzfdnK) d/ wkocs gqdofôs j[zdh j?.@

šekB{zB ukj/ fi; fe;/ th fe;w d/ wB[ZyK tk;s/ j'D, T[j T[jBK dh o÷kwzdh Bkb jh T[gbZpX š(noEks T[fuZs) j[zd/ jB.@

šT[j ekB{zB ekB{zB Bj] jB fijV/ b'eK dh ;fjwsh (nB[w'dB) Bkb Bj] pDkJ/ rJ/ j[zd/ jB.@

šb'eK dh gqG{;Zsk@

šfJ; soQK T[;B/ ;gZôN s"o s/ nkfynk fe gqG{;Zsk iK ekB{zB fBowksqh ;Zsk nzs B{z b'eK ftZu jh fBfjs (ftdwkB) j[zdh j?.@

1620 L

w/cbkto (1620) s/ ;tko šfgbjkfow ckdo÷)@ dh wôj{o x'ôDk, šoZp B{z jk÷o Bk÷o ikDe/ n;] ;ko/ fJZe d{i/ fJeoko dh x'ôDk eod/ jK ns/ nkgD/ nkg B{z fJZe Bkrfoe okiBhse ;zrmB d/ o{g ftZu fJZei[ZN (iE/pzd) eod/ jK.@

1647 L

fJzrb?Av d/ b'eK dk fJeoko L fJZe gk;/ gqf;ZX gT{NohB d;skt/÷, i' nkowh nkø dk gkobhnkw?AN (1647) s'A gk; j'fJnk, ;'u dh fJ; gqfposh dk ;ze/s fdzdk j?.

3fwbNB

1649 (b'eK dh gqG{;Zsk)

nkgDh ouBk ÒN?BUo nkø fezr÷ n?Av w?fi;No/N;@ (1649) ftZu T[j th nfij/ jh f;XksK dk gqshgkdB eodk j?. T[j dkt/ d/ Bkb efjzdk j? fe, š;ko/ wB[Zy e[dosh s"o s/ ;[szso jh g?dk j'J/ ;B.@ T[j fJZe šnkw ;zx d/ o{g ftZu fJe d{i/ Bkb pzB/Q ikD d/ tk;s/ fJ; eoe/ ;fjws j'J/ fe T[j fJZe d{i/ B{z B[e;kB g[ukT[D s'A pu ;eD ns/ fJeZm/ fwbe/ T[j fe;/ th uhi s'A nkgDk puk eo ;eD i' rVpV g?dk eoB tkbh j't/ iK fJ; soQK dh ;fjwsh d/ fybkø iKdh j't/. fJ;dh pd"bs e;p/, Bro ns/ oki j'Ad ftZu nkJ/. T[d'A nksw oZfynk ns/ ;[oZfynk dh fJj nfXekos ;Zsk i' p[fBnkdh s"o s/ T[jBK ftZuA' jo fJZe d/ nzdo ns/ ;z:[es o{g s'A ;kfonK ftZu w"i{d ;h, fvgNhnK ns/ efwôBoK d/ o{g ftZu okfinK ns/ w?fi;No/NK B{z ;"Ag fdZsh rJh.@

šokfinK ns/ w?fi;No/NK dh ;Zsk j'o e[ZM th Bj] j?, f;tkJ/ fJ;d/ fe fJj f;oø T[jBK B{z b'eK tZb'A ;G d/ efbnkD d/ Go';/ Bkb gqdkfBs, j;sKsfos ns/ ;"Agh rJh ;Zsk j?, i' ni/ th p[fBnkdh s"o s/ T[jBK ftZu (:kBh b'eK ftZu - ;za) ftdwkB j[zdh j? ns/ i' T[;d/ ;[Gkfte iBw - f;ZX nfXeko dh T[bzxDk ehs/ pr?o y'jh Bj] ik ;edh. fJ; bJh okôNo okfinK B{z u[D iK jNk ;ed/ jB, ;[szso iBwk wB[Zy d/ wfj÷ fJ; nfXeko ns/ ;[szsosk d/ nkXko s/ fe T[[j fejBK s'A ;kfôs j'Dk ;ot'sw ;wMd/ jB.@

202 203

gzBk 173 (108)

okfinK d/ d?th nfXekoK dk f;XKsfgZso;Zskswe f;XKs

J/;/ :[Zr ftZu fiZE/ pj[s ;ko/ ftukoe šb'eK dh gqG{;Zsk@ d/ fJjBK f;XksK dh fJ; soQK gqshgkdB eoB ftZu bZr/ j'J/ ;B, T[E/ d{i/ j'o f;XKseko th ;B, fijV/ fJj ;kfps eoB dh e'fôô eo oj/ ;B fe oki tZv nkekoh NZpo (gfotko) jh jB, fijBK ftZu fJj e[Nzp (NZpo) d/ w[yh dh g?sqe ;Zsk, i/mk eqw dh tzô gqzgok ftZu g{ot tosh y[dw[yfsnko ;kôe d/ T[; gqshfBXh B{z j;sKsfos eo fdZsh iKdh j? i' fe;/ okôNo s/ ;kôB eoB ftZu :'r f;ZX j' ;eh. fJ; bJh okiôkjh B{z fJZe nfiZs nfXeko d/nkXkos wzfBnk frnk ns/ okik B{z e/tb Jhôto d/ gqsh jh T[ZsodkJh (itkp d/j) mfjokfJnk frnk. J¶;/ B{z jh šokfinK dk d?th nfXeko@ fejk frnk j?. fJ;/ B{z jh ÒfgZso ;Zskswe f;XKsÓ nkfynk frnk.

Ekw; j"p; L

1642-1650-1651 ftZu fbyhnK rJhnK nkgDhnK ftfGzB ouBktK ftZu T[;B/ y[dw[yfsnko ;kôe dh n;hws ;Zsk d/ f;XKs B{z b'eK d/ nkozfGe fJeoko d/ fto'Xh f;XKs d/ Bkb fJeZmk eo fdZsk. gzqs{fBoze[ôtkd (skBkôkjh) - ntke ih ji{oh - d/ gqsh j"p; dh gZypk÷h Xow ôk;soe Bk j' e/, Xow fBogZy ns/ soe;zrs ;h. T[j ;w[dkfJ (;G d/ ;G) d/ ;[y B{z ;oeko dk wjkB T[d/ô wzBdk ;h.

(wB[Zy fJe n;wkfie gqkDh)

j"p; dk doôB f;fBektkdh j?. T[;d/ nB[;ko wB[Zy d/ wB't/r ;[Gkfte o{g s'A T[;dh fBZih ;[oZfynk ns/ ;[Zy dh fdôk ftZu fBod/ôs j[zd/ jB, ns/ T[jBK dh gqkgsh d/ fJbktk j'o e'Jh T[d/ô Bj] oZydk. fJ; bJh wB[Zy gqfeosh gZy'A fJZe n;wkfie gqkDh j?. T[j nkydk j?, šgqfeqse nt;Ek ftZu, jo fJZe nkdwh nkgD/ tofrnK Bkb :[ZX eodk ofjzdk ;h ns/ jo fJZe dk ihtB yso/ ftZu, fJeZmk, p/;jkok, n;[oZfyns, gô{ts ns/ E'V fuok j[zdk j?. fJ; fe;w d/ ihtB dh G?n jh T[;B{z okiBhse J/esk ftZu pzBQD d/ tk;s/ p/tZ; eodk j?.@

(brksko ysok T[jBK B{z oki rfms eoB bJh p/tZ; eodk j?!)

feT[Afe f;oc g?eN ezw Bj] eo fdzdk, fJ; tk;s/ ÒfJZe ;ot T[Zu gqtkBs ;ZskÓ - š;oeko@ dh ;EkgBk.

(šfiZs@ iK šfXzr'÷'oh ep÷k@ ns/ š;z;Ek tZXsk@ ;ko/ okiK dk fJZe wkso nkXko)

;wki dh ;EkgBk šnfXrqjD@ noEks fiZs d/ okj] iK š;z;EktZXsk@ okj] w;bB go;go ;wM"s/ iK fJeoko d[nkok j[zdh j?. fJ; soQK fJZe tko id'A y[dw[yfsnko ;Zsk ekfJw j' iKdh j?, sK ;kfonK tk;s/ fJ;dk nkfrnkekoh j'Dk ntZôe j' iKdk j?. fJ;s'A prkts eoB tkb/ fe;/ th ftnesh B{z ysw eo fdZsk ikDk ukjhdk j?. T[;B{z spkj eo fdZsk ikDk ukjhdk j?.

(y[dw[yfsnko ;Zsk !)

T[j ekB{zBxVBh, fBnKgkfbek ns/ ekoigkbek d/ ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ nfXeko y[dw[yfsnko ;kôe d/ jtkb/ eo fdzdk j?. T[j fbydk j?, šgqGkth j'D d/ tk;s/ y[dw[yfsnko ;Zsk B{z fBôu/ jh n;hws, npdb ns/ ntzv j'Dk ukjhdk j. p/ôZe ;Zsk rVpVhnK B{z iBw d/ ;edh j?, b/feB fJ;dk ;G Bkb'A p[o/ s'A p[ok o{g th T[Bk p[ok Bj] j? fiBK fe ykBkizrh iK nokiesk.

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gzBk 174 (109)

T[;d/ ftuko ftZu okiôkjh, e[bhBszso iK b'eszso ftZu th ;Zsk B{z b? e/ e'Jh

nzso Bj] j?. nkw ôKsh ns/ ;[oZfynk dh fdôk ftZu fJjBK dhnK T[gbZpXhnK fJjBK okj]

;kfôs iBsk iK b'eK dh nkfrnkekfosk T[Zgo fBoGo eodhnK jB. fco th T[j ÒokiôkjhÓ

B{z jh tZX g;zd eodk j?. T[;d/ ftuko ftZu Ò;hws okiôkjhÓ jh ;ot'sw j?. b/feB T[j fJ;

rZb s/ th ÷'o fdzdk j? fe y[dw[yfsnko ;kôe B{z fBôu/ jh Xkowe d/ Bkb Bkb Bkrfoe

wkwfbnK dk th fBowkD eoBk ukjhdk j?, ns/ fJj s÷thi th eoBh ukjhdh j? fe fejV/

f;XKs ôKsh-ftt;Ek pDkJh oZyD ftZu ;jkfJe f;ZX j' ;ed/ jB.

fJ; soQK, T[j gqG{;Zsk d/ fJZe ;gZôN ns/ ikfJ÷ f;XKs dh jwkfJs sK eodk j?,

b/feB fJ;d/ Bkb jh T[j okik iK ;kôe g?dk eoB d/ tk;s/ ;wkie ;wM"s/ dh ebgBk B{z th

poeoko oZydk j?. f;gB'ik L (1677)

(wB[Zy dh n;wkfiesk)

nkgDh ouBk Nq?eN/N; gkfbfNe; (1677), ftZu T[j wzBdk j? fe ô[o{-ô[o{ftZu

wB[ZyK dk ;kohnK uh÷K T[Zgo pokpo nfXeko ;h, fJ; bJh gqkfeqse nt;Ek :[ZX dh nt;Ek

;h. wB[ZyK B/ nkgD/ ftt/e s'A gq/fos j' e/ nkgDhnK ôeshnK B{z Bkrfoe ;oeko dh ;EkgBk

bJh fJZe i[ZN ehsk. feT[Afe wB[ZyK d/ e'b'A fBoze[ô ;Zsk ;h, fJ; tk;s/ fJ; soQK ;Ekfgs

y[dw[yfsnko ;sk jh ;h. T[;d/ ftuko ftZu ÒnfXekoÓ ns/ Ò;ZskÓ fJZe pokpo jB. fJ; bJh

;Zsk Bkb b?; j' e/ y[dw[yfsnko ;kôe B{z ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ nfXeko nkgD/ nkg jh gqkgs j' iKd/

jB. fJ; soQK T[j fBoze[ôtkd dk ;wZoEB eodk j?.

g{c/Bv'o L

(bkn nkø B/uo n?Av B/ôB÷ 1672)

T[;d/ ftuko ftZu, wB[Zy fJZe ;wkfie gqkDh j?, fijVk NZpo ns/ ôKswJh ihtB

tZb ;[Gkte o[MkB oZydk j?.

fJZe nkdwh tb'A d{i/ nkdwh B{z ehs/ ik ;eD tkb/ B[e;kBK dk nB[Gt jh Bkrfoe

;oeko dh gq¶oDk fdzdk j?, fijVh fJ; soQK rfms j[zdh j?.

1a fJZe ekwBt?bE rfms eoB tk;s/ e[ZM b'eK d/ ftuko fJZe ;op-;zws nkg;h

fJeoko d/ okj]. 2a pj[wZs d/ fJ; gq;skt d/ okj] fe cbkD/ ;kôe B{z ;Zsk T[Zgo fpokiwkB

ehsk ikt/. 3a ;oeko ns/ iBsk d/ ftueko fJ; fJeoko d/ okj] fe ;oeko ;kôB eo/ ns/

iBsk ekB{zB ;zws nkd/ôK dk gkbDk eo/.

206 207

gzBk 175 (110)

bkZe L(Bkrfoe ;oeko d/ d' f;XKs -1690)šfe;/ th wB[Zy B{z ;kôB eoB dk e[dosh nfXeko Bj] jz[dk.@

T[j gqfeose (e[dosh) nt;Ek dk :kBh ;kôB eoB dk nfXeko ns/ y[dw[yfsnkoh d/ wkwb/ ftZu ;[szsosk ns/ ;wkBsk (pokpoh) tkbh fJZe nfijh nt;Ek dk fusoD eodk j? i' f;oø gqkfeqse ekB{zB iK ftt/e d/ jh nXhB oj/, i' b'eK Bz{fJZe d{i/ d/ ihtB, f;js, nk÷kdh ns/ wbehns d/ nfXekoK d/ wkwb/ ftZu B[e;kB eoB s'A o'ed/ jB. fB;/X iK xkNk g{osh d/ o{g ftZu ;÷k d/D dk nfXeko jo fJZe ftnesh d/ jZE ftZu j[zdk j?.

gqfeose nt;Ek !

šgqfeqse nt;Ek don;b fJj j? fe fi; ftZu b'e nkg; ftZu c?;bk eoB d/ nfXeko d/ Bkb, fpBK fe;/ fJZe ;ot gqtkBs ;kôe d/, ;wMdkoh d/ Bkb fJeZm/ ofjzd/ ;B.@

fBZih ;zgsh !

šjo fJZe ftnesh dk fJj e[dosh nfXeko j? fe T[j nkgD/ e'b/ ;zgsh oZy/ ns/ gqfeqsoe ;kwZroh T[Zs/ nkgDh fBZih fwjBs Bkb gqkgs T[sgkd (g?dktko) T[s/ th nkgDk nfXeko oZy/. fJZe nkdwh fizBh G'fJz tkj, phi, ;[Xko ;edk j? ns/ y/shpkVh d/ ezw ftZu fbnk ;edk j? ns/ T[;s'A gqkgs fizBh g?dktko fJ;s/wkb ftZu fbnk ;edk j?, fJj ;G T[;dh ;zgsh (ikfJdkd) j?.@

ikfJdkd ns/ Bkrfoe ;wki !

T[;d/ nB[;ko, Ò;zgshÓ ÒBkrfoe ;wkiÓ dh g{ot tosh (nr/so) j?.

Bkrfoe ;wki dh T[sgsh !

b/feB nfijk bZrdk j? fe b'eK B{z fe;/ fe;w dk ysok ns/ G?n ofjzdk ;h ns/ fJ; tk;s/, T[jBK B/ Bkrfoe ;[szsosk d/ gZy ftZu, nkgDh gqfeqse ;[szsosk B{z fsbKibh d/ fdZsh. ;zy/g ftZu ntZôesk ôw{bhns ns/ o[MkB B/ b'eK B{z ;wki ftZu fJeZm/ j'D bJh p/tZ; (w÷p{o) ehsk.

Bkrfoe ;wki dh gfoGkôk !

i' b'e fJZe ;zrmB ftZu rfms j' u[Ze/ j[zd/ jB, ns/ fijBK d/ e'b/ fJZe nfijk ;op gqtkBs ;Ekgs ekB{zB ns/ fNqfpT{Bb j[zd/ jB fi; ftZu nghb ehsh ik ;e/ ns/ fi;B{z nkg;h wZsG/dK B{z fBgNkT[D s/ d'ôh B{z dzfvs eoB dk nfXeko j't/, T[j fJZe Bkrfoe ;wki ftZu j[zd/ jB.

;fjwsh L

d{finK T[Zs/ fiZs ;oeko dk ;q's Bj] j?. ;fjwsh (o÷kwzdh) jh fe;/ ikfJ÷ ;oeko dk ;o's ;h ns/ j' ;edh j?.

ekB{zB xVBh ;Gk b'eK dk ihtB, ;[szsosk ns/ ;zgZsh d/ T[Zs/ ;zg{oB wBukfjnk nfXeko Bj] oZydh feT[Afe fJ;d/ e'b/ f;oø T[j jh ;z:[es nfXeko j[zdk j? i' ;wki d/ rmB s'A gfjbK nbZr-nbZr w?ApoK d/ e'b/ j'fJnk eodk ;h ns/ fi;B{z T[jBK B/ ftô/ô ns/ ;hws T[d/ôK d/ tk;s ;"Ag fdZsk j?.

ekB{zB L

šekB{zB dk T[d/ô ;[szsosk B{z õsw eoBk iK o'eDk Bj], pbfe T[;B{z ;[oZfyns pDkT[Dk ns/ ft;sfos eoBk j?.@

ekB{zBxVBh L

šekB{zBxVBh e[M fBôfus T[d/ôK d/ tk;s/ fJZe NoZ;Nh ;Zsk Go j?, i' id'A fJ; ftZu NoZ;N ehs/ rJ/ ft;tkô B{z yzfvs eo/, sK iBsk tZb'A Gzr iK pdbh ik ;edh j?.

iBsk dh ;ot T[Zu y[dw[yfsnkoh !

šfJ; soQK ;ot T[Zu ;Zsk iK ;ot T[Zu y[dw[yfsnkoh jw/ôk nkw b'eK d/ ftZu jh ofjzdh j?, gozs{T[j fJ;dh tos'A T[d'A sZe Bj] eod/, id'A sZe fe ;oeko Gzr Bj] j' iKdh .

208 209

gzBk 176 (111)

ekB{zBxVBh ns/ ekoigkbek L

fBZih fjZsK T[Zgo nkw fjZsK dh pbh o'eD d/ tk;s/, fJj ÷o{oh j? fe

ekB{zBxVBh ns/ ekoigkbek dhnK ;ZsktK nbZr-nbZr jZEK ftZu ofjD ns/

ekoigkfbek ekB{zBxVBh d/ w[s?js oj/.

fiZE/ fJj d't/A ;ZsktK (nfXeko) fJZe jh fBoze[ô okik ftZu fBfjs

j[zdhnK jB, T[E/ e'Jh Bkrfoe ;oeko Bj] j[zdh, feT[Afe okik ns/ T[;dh ;Zsk d/

ftueko e'Jh ;ot gqtkBs fBnkfJe (ekB{zBh) ;Zsk Bj] j[zdh.

;[szsosk ;wkiK nzdo okiK d/ tZy-tZy ;o{g jB, b'eszso, nbgszso

iK fBotkus okiszso ns/ fwôos o{gK tkbhnK ftt;EktK .

ÒfJBebkp dk nfXeko !Ó

id'A ;oeko ;wM"s/ gqsh nkgDh ÷z[w/tkoh g{oh eoB :kBh ftneshrs

nfXekoK dh fjck÷s eoB- ftZu n;cb j' iKdh j? sK fJBebkp fBnK ;zrs

pD iKdk j?.

o{;' L

;wkBsk (pokpoh)

e'Jh th nkdwh n?Bk tZX nwho Bj] j'Dk ukjhdk fe T[j d{finK B{z yohd

;e/, ns/ Bk jh e'Jh nkdwh n?Bk rohp j'Dk ukjhdk j? fe T[j nkgD/ nkg B{z

t/uD d/ bJh w÷p{o j' ikt/. tZvhnK n;wkBsktK (Bk pokpohnK) fBoze[ôsk d/

tk;s/ okj gZXok eodhnK jB.

;zgsh ns/ Bkrfoe ;wki L

fi; gfjb/ nkdwh B/ ÷whB d/ fJZe N[eV/ B{z x/o e/ fJj efjD bJh

;'funk j't/rk fe ÒfJj w/ok j?, ns/ fi;B{z nkgDh rZb s/ ft;tkô eoB tkb/ f;ZX/

;kd/ b'e fwb rJ/ j'Dr/. T[j jh Bkrfoe ;wki dk n;bh ;z;Ekge (pkBh) ;h.

i/ fe;/ B/ fJ; X'y/pk÷h dk godk ckô eo fdZsk j[zdk, ns/ fJj n?bkB eo

fdZsk j[zdk fe fJj Xosh fe;/ dh ikrho (;zgsh ikfJdkd) Bj] j? ns/ fe fJ;d/

cb ;kfonK d/ jB, sK wkBtiksh B{z n?B/ :[ZX, ngokX ns/ nksze Bj] MZbD/ gJ/

j[zd/ .

210 211

gzBk 177 (112)1ši' nkdwh fXnkB eodk (;wkXh bkT[Adk) j? T[j d[okukoh gqkDh j?.@

Bkrfoe ekB{zB L

ew÷'oK d/ T[sghVB ns/ ;ZG dh n;[oZfynk d/ tZb] fJôkok eoe/ XZBkYK

B/ pj[s jh ukbkeh Bkb fBnK ns/ ôKsh d/ fB:w fBo{gs ehs/, sK fe T[jBK d/

okj] ;kfonK dh wbehns dh ÷kwBh oj/, ns/ ekB{zB B{z bkr{ eoB d/ tk;s/ fJZe

;ot T[Zu ;kôe dh ;EkgBk ehsh.

fBôu/ jh ;wki ns/ ekB{zBK dh T[sgsh fJ;h soQK j'Jh j't/rh, fi;B/

rohpK B{z BthnK p/VhnK gfjBk fdZshnK ns/ XZBkYK B{z Bt] skes gqdkB eo

fdZsh, gqfeqse ;[szsosk B{z nzfsw s"o s/ ysw eo fdZsk, ns/ E'V/ fij/ w[Zmh Go -

fJZSktkdh b'eK d/ bkG d/ tk;s/, jw/ôk d/ bJh ;zgsh ns/ n;wkBsk (Bk pokpoh)

dk ekB{zB fBoXkos eo fdZsk, fJe ubkeh Goh b[ZN B{z fJZe nNZb nfXeko ftZu

spdhb eo fdZsk, ns/ fJ; soQK nkfJzdk d/ tk;s/ ;koh wkBt iksh B{z fwjBs,

dk;sk ns/ d[orsh dk fôeko pDk fdZsk .

n;wkBsktK L

gozs{ fJj rZb g{oh soQK gqfeqse ekB{zB d/ fybkø j? fe w[Zmh Go b'e sK

p/ô[wko d"bs jVZgd/ ofjD, id'A fe ftôkb G[Zyh nkpkdh f÷zdrh dhnK ÷o{oh

uh÷K d/ bJh th so;dh oj/.

212 213

gzBk 178 (113)

T[;dhnK ouBktK dk jôo L

J/fwbh ns/ ;'ôb ezNo?eN d't/A jh 1762 ftZu gqekfôs j'JhnK gfjbh B{z

g?fo; ftZu ;kfVnk frnk, o{;' pVh w[ôeb Bkb frqøsko j[zd/ j[zd/ pfunk, c/o d'tK

feskpK B{z ;toiBe s"o s/, i/B'nk ftZu, T[;dh iBw G{wh ftZu, ;kfVnk frnk,

fiZE'A T[;B{z fes/ tZX ô'jos fwbD dh T[whd ;h.

oki/ dh y[dw[yfsnkoh tZb'A b'eK dh y[dw[yfsnkoh d/ tZb B{z

o{;' J/esk ns/ e/AdoheoD dhnK coK;h;h XkoBktK B{z pDkJh oZydk j?,

id'A fe ;skjot] ;dh ftZu oki (iK y[dw[yfsnkoh) B{z okiôkjh d/ Bkb rZv-wZv

eo fdZsk frnk ;h. 18t] ;dh ftZu o{;' d/ gqGkt Bkb fJj b'eK ftZu ftdwkB

;wMh ikD bZrh.

;wM"sk

;wM"s/ d/ ÷ohJ/ b'e Bkrfoe ;[szsosk ns/ B?fse ;[szsosk d/ tk;s/ 1gqfeqse ;[szsosk dk tNKdok eod/ jB.

gfjbk wbehns dk nfXeko

ikfJdkd dk nfXeko L

fJ;dh T[fuZssk fJjBK jkbsK s/ fBoGo eodh j? L

(T) fe ÷whB r?o-nkpkd j?, (n) fe fJZe nkdwh f;oø UB/ jh oep/ T[Zs/

ep÷k eodk j? fizBk fe T[;d/ r[÷ko/ tk;s/ ÷o{oh j't/, (J) fe T[j fJ; T[Zs/ f;oø

y'ybh n"gukfoesk d/ ÷ohJ/ Bj], pbfe fwjBs ns/ y/shpkVh eoB d/ Bks/ dyb

oZydk j?.

214 215

gzBk 179 (114)

Xow L

o{;' Xow B{z th y[dw[yfsnko ;kôe dh fBoze[ôsk d/ nXhB oZydk j?.

G{fwek L

w?A fJ; rZb dh iKu eoBh ukj[zdk jK fe eh, nZi b'e fij' fij/ jB ns/

fij' fij/ ekB{zB pDkJ/ ik ;ed/ jB, T[jBK B{z wZd/ B÷o oZyd/ j'J/, fJj ;zGt j? fe

Bkrfoe wkwfbnK d/ gq;kôB tk;s/ e[ZM fBnK ;zrs ns/ fBôus fB:w ;Ekgs

ehs/ ikDaaaaaa.

aaaaaaaaw/o/ e'b'A g[ZfSnk ik ;edk j? fe eh w?A e'Jh oki iK ekB{zB xkVk jK

i' w?A okiBhsh pko/ fbydk jK. w/ok T[Zso j? fe w?A Bj] jK. i/eo w?A nfijk j[zdk, sK

fJj efjD ftZu ;wK popkd Bk eodk fe eh ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?, pbfe T[;B{z

eo ;[ZNdk iK ykw'ô ofjzdk.

wB[Zy iBw s'A ;[szso j[zdk j? b/feB jo iwks p/VhnK ftZu ieV fdZsk

iKkdk j?.

r[bkwh d/ i{b/ B{z pbg{ote bkj ;[ZNDk !

w?A efjDk ukj{zrk fe id'A sZe b'e nkfrnk gkbD d/ bJh w÷p{o ehs/

iKd/ ofjD ns/ T[j nkfrnk eod/ ofjD, mhe j?, gozs {T[j fizBh S/sh fJ; i{b/ B{z

bkj ;[ZND ns/ bkj ;[ZNd/ jB, sK T[j j'o th tXhnk j?, ekoD fe i/ b'e nkgDh

nk÷kdh c/o T[;/ nfXeko (noEks skes) Bkb tkg; b?Ad/ jB fi; nfXeko d/

okj] fJj T[jBK e'b'A y'jh rJh ;h, sK iK sK T[jBK dk fJzM eoBk fBnK ;zrs j?,

iK T[jBK e'b'A fJ;B{z y'jD dh e'Jh T[fuZssk Bj] ;h.

216 217

gzBk 180 (115)

skes L

š;Zsk, i' fjz;k d/ okj] jkf;b ehsh iKdh j?, wfj÷ fJZe jVZgh rJh ;Zsk

j[zdh j? ns/ f;oø T[d'A sZe jh pDh ofjzdh j? id'A sZe T[;dh ewkB ;zGkbD tkb/

dh skes T[;B{z wzBD tkfbnK dh skes T[Zs/ jkth (Gko{) ofjzdh j?, ns/ id'A

fJ;B{z Bk wzBD tkfbnK dh skes ;G s'A tZX j' iKdh j? ns/ T[j T[;d/ i{b/ B{z bkj

;[ZNd/ jB, sK nfijk T[j T[B/ jh nfXeko ns/ fBnK d/ Bkb eod/ jB fi;d/ Bkb

T[jBK T[Zs/ ;Zsk E'g e/ oZyh rJh ;h. T[jh (skes dk) ekB{zB i' ;Zsk dk nfXeko

fdzdk j?, pkd ftZu T[;B{z y'j th b?Adk j?, fJj ;G s'A skesto dk ekB{zB j?.@3fdd/o' - fJB;kJheb'ghvhnk

š;Zsk@

r[bkw nkgDhnK p/VhnK ftZu ;G e[ZM rztk fdzdk j?, fJZE'A sZe fe T[jBK 1s'A S[Nekok gkT[D dh fJZSk th.

;G s'A skesto dk nfXeko

š;ZskfXekohnK dk nkfrnk gkbD eo'. fJ;dk wsbp skes d/ nZr/

M[eDk j? sK fJj nkd/ô tXhnk sK j? gozs{r?o ÷o{oh j?, w/ok efjDk j? fe fJ;dh

ed/ T[bzxDk Bj] j't/rh.@

r[bkwh dk jZe

eh id'A - r[bkw ftnesh nkgDhnK fJZSktK dk fJ; ;{os s/ fsnkr eo

d/D fe T[jBK dh ;zgsh th b? bJh ikt/< w?A ;wM Bj] ;edk fe T[jBK d/ tk;s/ eh

pkeh ofj ikT{rk.

šnkfynk ik ;edk j? fe skBkôkj ôkôe nkgD/ ;kfôsK (goik) d/ tk;s/

Bkrfoe ôKsh :ehBh pDkT[Adk j?. j' ;edk j?, nfijh jh rZb j't/, b/feB fJ;s'A

T[jBK B{z eh fwbdk j?, id'A fe :[ZX, i' T[jBK dhnK fJZSktK d/ ofjzdhnK T[jBK

T[Zgo E'g fdZs/ iKd/ jB, ns/ T[;d/ p/;po bkbu ns/ T[;d/ gqôkôB d/ ;zskg,

T[jBK d/ nkgD/ t?o-ftoX s'A fes/ tZX jh T[jBK B{z szr eod/ jB<@

218 219

gzBk 181 (116)

šfJj efjDk, fe fJZe nkdwh nkgD/ nkg B{z fpBK fe;/ fJt÷ d/ n?At/A jh

;"Ag fdzdk j?, fJZe dw pkfj:ks ns/ ebgBk s'A pkjoh rZb j?.@

fJ; soQK dh rZb ukj/ fJZe nkdwh d{i/ nkdwh B{z ;zp'XB eoe/ nky/ iK

okôNo B{z ;zp'XB eoe/ nky¶, jw/ôk w{oysk g{oD jh ejh ikt/rh.

šw?A g{oh soQK Bkb s[jkvh ehws s/ ns/ g{oh soQK nkgD/ bkG d/ tk;s/

s[jkv/ Bkb fJZe ;wM"sk eodk jK, ns/ w?A fJ;B{z T[d'A sZe bkr{eoh oZyKrk, id'A 3sZe w?A ukj{zrk, ns/ s[;] th fJ;B{z T[d'A sZe bkr{eoh oZy'r/ id'A sZe w?A ukj{zrk.@

pokpoh (;wkBsk)

i/ s[;] oki B{z ;EkJhgD gqdkB eoBk ukj[zd/ j', sK fJjBK d' nzfsw

nt;EktK B{z fiZE'A sZe ;zGt j' ;e/, B÷dhe b? nkt/. Bk sK XBkYK B{z podkôs

eo/, Bk jh fGykohnK B{z. fJj d't/A jh ;fEshnK, i' ;[Gkfte s"o s/ fJZe d{i/ Bkb'A

ntzv jB, nkw fjZs d/ tk;s/ ;wkB o{g s'A xkse jB. fJZe tor ftZu'A skBkôkj

g?dk j[zd/ jB, sK d{i/ tor ftZu, skBkôkjh d/ ;wZoEe L jw/ôk fJjBK d'tK d/

ftueko ;otiBe ;[szsosk dk tgko uZbdk ofjzdk j? L fJZe yohddk j?, d{ik

t/udk j?.

220 221

gzBk 182 (117)

š rV/wko e[M e[ y/soK Bz{ popkd eo ;[ZNdh j?, go fJ; Bkb nekb fpob/ jh g?Adk

j?. dzr/-c;kd ns/ ykBkizrh ;odkoh eoB tkb/ b'eK Bz{ ekch u"Aek fdzd/ jB, fco

th T[j okôNoK d/ tk;s/ tk;sfte ;zeN Bj] g?dk eod/, id'A sZe fJ; rZb Bz{ b? e/

fttkd uZbdk j? fe e"D T[jBK s/ skBkôkjh oki eo/. T[jBK dh tk;sfte

y[ôjkbh iK ftgsktK sK T[jBK dhnK ;EkJh ;fEshnK ftZu'A g?dk jz[dhnK jB. id'A

;kok e[M i{b/ j/mK e[Zube/ oZy fdZsk iKdk j?, T[d'A jh ;G e[M BôN j' iKdk j?, T[d'A

jh fJj ;kôe, fJsfwBkB Bkb ;G e[ZM BôN eoB d/ pkd, fJZe w[odk ykw'ôh g?dk

eo fdzd/ jB, fi;Bz{ T[j ôKsh nkyd/ jB. @

gzL 176

222 223

gzBk 183 (118)3coK;h;h fJBebkp L

nwohek L nwohek ;[szsosk ;zrokw dk coK; dh ;fEsh T[Zs/ Gkoh gqGkt fgnk .

(1776)

N?e; L

šoki/ d/ BK s/ ezw eoB tkb/ e'oN iK wzsoh wzvb d/ wBukj/ Yzr Bkb

N?e;K d/ cowkB fsnko ehs/ ns/ T[jBK B{z gkobhnkw?AN ftZu nzdoki eoB d/

tk;s/ G/i fdZsk, feT[Afe id'A sZe gkobhnkw?AN T[jBK B{z doi Bj] eo b?Adh, T[d''A

sZe T[j bkr{Bj] j' ;ed/ ;B.

e'oN dk dkntk ;h fe gkobhnkw?AN dh ;Zsk B{z fJsok÷ dk ekoD dZ;D d/

fJbktk j'o e'Jh nfXeko Bj] ;h, id'A fe T[j (:kBh e'oN iK wzsoh wzvb) nkgD/

e'b fJj c?;bk eoB dk nfXeko ;[oZfyns oZy/ j'J/ ;B fe ekoD tk÷p j? iK r?o-

tk÷p j?, ns/ fe c/o jh T[j nkgDh wo÷h Bkb ukj/ sK cowkB tkg; b? bt/ iK

pkekfJdk T[;B{z nfXekos s"o s/ nzdoki ehs/ ikD dk nkd/ô ikoh eo bt/. d{i/

gk;/, gkobhnkw?AN dk dktk ;h fe T[;d/ e'b fJBeko eo d/D dk nfXeko ;h.

wzsoh n?wa e?b'B' B{z g?;k ukjhdk ;h. T[j N?e;K dk wkwb/ ftZu 2 gkobhnkw?AN d/ em'o o[y s'A tkfeø ;h. T[;B/ Òn;?Apbh nkø B'N'pb÷Ó fBwzsoD

ehsh (1787).3fJj ;N/N; iBob Bj] ;h i' fe u[Dh iKdh ;h, pbfe fJ;d/ ;ko/ w?Apo

okik tZb'A Bkw÷d ehs/ rJ/ ;B ns/ fJ; ftZu e[Zb 141 w?Apo ;B. sK th T[j

pj[ws dk ;woZEB gqkgs Bk eo ;fenk. c/o T[;B/ fJ;B{z 7 ew/NhnK ftZu tzv

fdZsk. jo fJZe ew/Nh ftZu 20 w?Apo ;B. jo fJZe ;tkb ew/NhnK ftZu pj[wZs

Bkb ns/ n;?Apbh ftZu ew/NhnK d/ pj[wZs Bkb s?j ehsk iKdk ;h. T[;B/ e'Jh uko

iK jo fJZe ew/Nh ftZu 11 nfij/ w?Apo oZyD dh e'fôô ehsh, fijBK T[Zs/ ft;tkô

ehsk ik ;edk ;h. gozs{T[;dhnK fJj :[ZesK th n;øb ojhnK.

224 225

gzBk 184 (119)4n?wa dk bckfJs fJZe d{ih ew/Nh dk T[g gqXkB ;h. T[;B/ n?wa e?b'B T[Zs/

d' fwbhnB bkJhto ftZu ôkjh ÷whB t/u d/D dk d'ô bkfJnk. fJ;B{z T[;B/

fbysh s"o s/ th g/ô ehsk. T[;d/ e[ZM jh ;w/A pknd, n?wa e?b'B B{z poyk;s eo

fdZsk frnk.

s?b{ô dk nkoefpôg gqXkB wzsoh ns/ ftZs wzsoh fB:[es j'fJnk. T[;B/

gkobhw?AN d/ ;kjwD/ d' fe;wK dk gq;skt oZfynk - ;NKg N?e; ns/ fJZe fe;w

dk G{wh N?e;. fJ; pko/ gkobhnkw?AN B/ itkp fdZsk, fe okôNo j[D sZe fi; soQK

d/ G{wh N?e; (wkwbk) dh fjwkfJs eodk nk fojk j?, T[;d/ Bkb N?e;K dh uouk

T[jBK ftZu eN"sh eoB d/ fJbktk j'o fe;/ th T[d/ô Bkb Bj] eoBh ukjhdh ns/

T[jBK d'tK jh gq;sktK B{z u[Ze e/ oZdh dh N'eoh ftZu ;[ZN fdZsk. c/o T[jBK B{z

tko;kJh p[bkfJnk frnk, fiZE/ okiK B/ ÒJ/ p?v nkc i;fN;Ó BK dh fJZe ftô/ô

p?me ehsh ns/ T[jBK gq;sktK dk nzdoki eo fbnk, gkobhw?AN g?fo; tkg;

ubh rJh. T[ZE/ fJZe ;wkrw ehsk. tko;kJh ftZu ehsh rJh jo fJZe ekotkJh B{z

r?o ekB{zBh eoko fdzd/ j'fJnK, nzdok÷ B{z oZd eo d/D dk nkd/ô fdZsk. sK

;kfonK B{z Òb/No vh e?ô/s;Ó Bkwh ôkjh cowkB ikoh j'fJnk ns/ ;kfonK B{z d/ô

fBekbk d/ fdZsk frnk. c/o pkd T[jBK B{z tkg; p[bk fbnk frnk. ns/ c¶o T[j' jh

cowkB T[jBK d/ ;kjwD/ oZy/ rJ/.

226 227

gzBk 185 (120)

c/o ;N/N; iBob dh p?me ;ZdD dk ;tkb T[Zfmnk. oki/ B/ fJ;d/ bJh

gkobhw?AN s'A tkndk fbnk gozs{wzsoh wzvb B/ fto'X ehsk. fJ;d/ fJZe Òc[Zb e'oNÓ

rfms eoB dk BtK ;[Mkn oZfynk gozs{fJ;dk d' nkXkoK s/ fto'X j'fJnk. gfjbk

fJj fe f;XKse nkXko s/ ;oeko B{z y[d pdbD dk e'Jh nfXeko Bj] ;h. fJ; soQK

dh T[dkjoD B[e;kBd/j j't/rh. d{ik fto'X ;o{g B{z b? e/ ;h, fJ;d/ fto'X ftZu fJj

dbhb fdZsh rJh fe fJj fJZe ft;skos (tXkJ/ j'J/) wzsoh wzvb d/ fJbktk j'o

e[ZM Bj] j[zdk.

fJ; bJh gkobhw?AN B/ fJ; gq;skt B{z m[eok fdZsk. c/o T[;B{z jfEnkpzd

c"iK B/ x/o fbnk. eJh fdBK sZe x/okpzdh uZbdh ojh. fco th gkobhw?AN nkgDh

rZb s/ nVh ojh. sK T[;d/ eJh w?ApoK B{z frqcsko eoe/ tZy-tZy i/bQK ftZu G/i

fdZsk frnk.

fJ;dk fto'X gqdoôB eoB d/ bJh fpqN?Bh s'A fJZe gqshfBXh wzvb

nkfJnk. T[;d/ w?ApoK B[z pk;shnk (i/bQ) G/i fdZsk frnk.

Òn;?Apbh nkø B'N/pb÷Ó c/o ;Zdh rJh ns/ ;N/N; iBob dh p?me

p[bkT[D bJh c/o T[j' jh sohek ngBkT[D dk c?;bk ehsk frnk, i' 1614 ftZu

ngDkfJnk frnk ;h.

gkobhw?AN B/ s?j ehsk fe fJ;d/ tk;s/ e[Zb 1200 w?ApoK ftZu'A 600 nkw

b'eK ftZu'A 300 gkdoh tor ns/ 300 e[bhB tor ftZu'A u[D/ ikD/ ukjhd/ jB.1;N/N; iBob dh whfNzr wJh 1789 ftZu j'Jh. e[bhB tor ns/ gkdoh

tor d/ gqshfBXh d' tZy-tZy ewfonK ftZu p?m/.

228 229

gzBk 186 (121)

shih ôq/Dh iK ;kXkoD b'eK d/ gqshfBXhnK d/ gkdoh tor ns/ e[bhB

tor d/ fJ; nfXeko B{z wzBD s'A fJBeko eo fdZsk ns/ y[d B{z ÒokôNo d/

gqshfBXhÓ x'ôs eod/ j'fJnK, nkgD/ ewo/ ftZu Bkb p?m/ okôNoh gqshfBXhnK d/

fJbktk, j'o fe;/ th j?;hns d/ fe;/ th w?Apo dk e'Jh th nfXeko fiZsD s'A

fJBeko eo fdZsk. fJ; soQK, ;N/N; iBob jh ÒokôNoh n;?ApbhÓ pD rJh. T[;B/

d{i/ ewfonK ftZu ;Zd/ G/i/. gkdoh tor d/ gqshfBXhnK dh nfXeso ;zfynk

T[jBK d/ Bkb nk rJh. e[bhB tor d/ 45 w?Apo T[jBK d/ Bkb nk ob/, c/o T[jBK

dh ;zfynk tXe/ 80 ns/ pkd ftZu T[;s'A tZX j' rJh.

230 231

gzBk 187 (122)

N?fB; e'oN dh ;j[z

e[bhB tor ns/ gkdoh tor d/ d[ôN sZs okôNoh n;?Apbh B{z T[ykV

;[ZNDk ukj[zd/ ;B. T[jBK B/ wzsoh wzvb Bkb fwbe/ fJZe ;kfiô ouh. okôNo d/

gqshfBXhnK dh w"i{drh ftZu jh ewo/ dk dotk÷k pzd eo fdZsk frnk. c/o T[j

fJZe N?fB; e'oN tZb] ub/ rJ/ ns/ T[E/ ;kfonK B/ fwbe/ ;j[z ykXh fe id'A sZe T[j

fJZe ;zftXkB dh ;EkgBk Bj] eo b?Ad/, T[d'A sZe tZy Bj] j'Dr/. 2pk;shnK

d{i/ fdB ewo/ dk dotk÷k T[jBK bJh c/o y'bQ fdZsk frnk. gozs{u[ge/-

u[ge/ 30 j÷ko dh c"i g?fo; B{z x/oB d/ tk;s/ otkBk ehsh ik u[Zeh ;h. g?fo; dh

fBjZEh GhV B/ p;shnK T[Zs/ Xktk p'b fdZsk, pk;shnk dk gsB j' frnk.

14 i[bkJh 17891to;kJh L

5 nes{po 1789 - j÷koK n"os wod okôNoh gqshe d/ gqsh nzr oZfyne

;?Bk tb'A ehs/ rJ/ r[;skyh Go/ fttjko dk pdbk b?D bJh to;kJh tZb] e{u eo

rJ/. fJ;B{z po;kJh w[fjzw ti'A ikfDnk iKdk j?, T[;d/ pkd tkgohnK xNBktK d/

cb;o{g okik B{z g?fo; fbnKdk frnk.

232 233

gzBk 188 (123)

jo/e okôNo dk ftt/e id'A ikr g?Adk j?, sK nkgD/ ;kfonK T[d/ôK d/

tk;s/ ekøh f;ZX j[zdk j?.

(gza 112, okJhN; nkø w?B)

feT[Afe jo :[Zr ftZu ;oeko dk ;o{g g{oh soQK Bkb okôNo dh fJZSk dk

jh wkwbk fojk j?, :kBh fe nro T[;B/ okiszsokswe ;o{g u[fDnk, sK nfijk

eoB dk T[;B{z nfXeko ;h, ns/ T[;d/ pkd i/ T[;B/ rDszsfoe j'Dk g;zd ehsk,

sK T[;dk nfXeko ;h fe T[j rDszsfoe pD ikt/, ns/ okik B{z fJj nky/ fe,

šj[D s[jkv/ tk;s/ ;kv/ e'b e'Jh r[ikfJzô Bj] j?.@

jkT{; nkø bkov÷ ftZu, wzsoh nob nkø ;/bp'oB

234 235

gzBk 189 (124)

okik L

ši/ e'Jh nfijk nkdwh j? fijVk j'oBK ;G s'A nkb"fee o{g ftZu n?Bk

tZX p[ZXhwkB j't/ fe okôNo d/ ;zukbB d/ tk;s/ T[;dh p[ZXh ÷o{oh j't/, sK

okiôkjh dh e'Jh T[fuZusk wzBh ik ;edh j?, gozs{id'A n;] fe;/ d/ô s/ B÷o wkod/

jB ns/ d/yd/ jB fe fet/A T[;dk jo fJZe fjZ;k nkgD/ wkwfbnK dh ;{M p{M oZydk

j?, ns/ id'A n;] g{oh d[BhnK T[Zgo B÷o wkod/ jK ns/ t/yd/ jK fe fJ; ftZu ofjD

tkb/ ;ko/ wB[ZyK ftZu'A okik dk tzô jh nfijk j? fijVk nkgDh :'rsk ftZu ;G s'A

xNhnk j?, sK ;kvh p[ZXh fJ; ;tkb s/ ueokT[D bZrdh j? fe - nkyo fJjBK b'eK

B{z feT[A poeoko oZfynk frnk j?<@

112

ngwkBeosk L

ši/ N?e;K d/ ÷[bw'A-f;sw B{z õsw eoB dh ro÷ Bkb okiôkjh ns/ jo/e

fe;w dh e[Dpkgq;s ;oeko dh X'ykXVh ns/ Sb-egN Bkb Gog{o N?e; Bhsh dk

Gzvk c'V eoBk - p/;jkok pZfunK dh gVQkJh ns/ p[ZfYnK s/ w[;hpsK d/ wko/ b'eK

dh ;jkfJsk dhnK :'iBktK gq;skts eoBk - :[ZX d/ fxqDs ubD B{z ysw eoBk

- ;otG"fwe ôKsh, ;ZfGnsk ns/ tgko B{z T[sôkfjs eoBk ns/ okiBhse nzX

ftôtkô dhnK p/VhnK B{z s'V ;[ZNDk, ns/ nX'rsh d/ fôeko wB[Zy B{z T[;d/ tkip

r"ot sZe T[Zuk u[ZeDk - i/eo fJj ;kohnK uhiK ngwkBiBe jB, sK w?B{z fJZe

ngwkBeosk dk ihtB fiT{D d/t', ns/ w/oh epo T[Zs/ šngwkBeosk@ dk Bkw

y[dtk d/Dk.@

xi

236 237

gzBk 190 (125)

gozs{id'A ;EkB Bj] pbfe f;XKs eow B{z T[Zuk eoB tkbk ekoB pD 3iKdk j? sK, w?A t/ydk jK fe nkdwh jo irQk fJZe' fijk jh j' iKdk j?.

w"s L

i/ n;] nwo j[zd/ sK pj[s d[yh j[zd/, fJ; ftZu e'Jh ôZe Bj] fe woBk, 4efmB j?, go fJj ;'uDk wX[o brdk j? fe n;] jw/ôK fiT[Ad/ jh Bj] ojKr/.

(gza 45, J/fwbh)

;wkitkdh ftt;Ek L

šjo fJZe e'b'A T[;dh :'rsk d/ nB[;ko, jo fJZe B{z T[;dh b'V d/ nB[;ko

.@

j"A;bk fJBebkp ftZu ;cbsk dh ikB j?.1dks'A dk efjDk ;h, šekotkJh, ekotkJh, ;Zsk gfjbK, pfj; pkd

ftZu.@

238 239

gzBk 191 (126)3o{;h-gq:'r 1917-27

1a c/; n?Av wkJhAv nkø p'bô'ft÷w

b/ o/B/ cbg- fwbo

2a oôhnk

b/a wkeht - UÓjkok

3a oôhnB fot'bT{ôB

b? b?A;tkN b'NB (w?efwbB)

4a p'bô'ft;N o;hnk

b/a J/ANB ekobrohB

5a fbNo/uo n?Av fot'bT{ôB

soks;eh

6a wkoe;-b?fBB n?Av ;kfJz; nkø fot'bT{ôB

b/a J/ANB ekobrohB

šp"bôfteK dk doôB fJZe dw Xkte o{g s'A G"fsetkdh j?, fi;dh fJZe

w[esh dksk ftô/ôsk B{z T[jBK d/ eZNV s'A eZNV d[ôwDK sZe B{z ;theko eoBk

gt/rk, ns/ T[j fJj fe T[jBK ftZu fe;/ th fe;w d/ G[b/y/ dh g{oh soQK nDj'Ad j?.

T[j nkgD/ ;z;Ekge d/ fJ; ftôtkô T[Zs/ g{oh fdqVQsk Bkb ekfJw jB fe,

šjo fJZe uh÷ B{z gqfeose fB:wK okj], iK fJZe ;zehoDso noE ftZu nkyhJ/ sK,

G"fse feqnk B{z ftfrnkB (fcfinkb"ih) okj] fpnkB ehsk ik ;edk j?.

- gza 30

wkoe; B/ fejk j?, šdkoôfBeK B/, fJ; d[BhnK dh f;oø soQK-soQK Bkb

ftnkfynk ehsh j?, don;b wjZstg{oD rZb sK fJ;B{z pdbD dh j?.@

240 241

gzBk 192 (197)

Xow ns/ ;wkitkd

šXow, wkBtsk d/ tk;s/ fJZe nøhw j?@ wkoe; dk efjDk ;h.

š;ko/ d/ ;ko/ ftukotkdh fuzsB nzs B{z fJZe BkfJe fe;w dh d?thnsk dh

ntXkoBk T[Zgo jh ik gj[zud/ jB, ns/ fJ; tk;s/, wkoe;tkdh dh B÷o ftZu, 3T[j ô[ZX petk; jB. fJZE'A sZe fe j/r/b B{z th fJ; d[BhnK T[Zs/ ôkôB eoB tkbh

jo fJZe nZSh ns/ soe;zrs uh÷ dk m'; o{g Jhôto ftZu jh fdykJh fdzdk ;h,

ftukotkdh f;XKs jo fJZe uh÷ B{z ÷pod;sh fJ; pdfe;ws X"bh dkVQh tkb/

(noEks, Jhôto-;za) d/ w'fYnK s/ ;Z[N fdzdk j?, i' T[;d/ GrsK dhnK f;ZfynktK d/

nB[;ko, g{oD j?, ns/ fi;B{z nkdw d/ fJbktk, fgZô{nK ns/ t/ôtktK, ekfsbK ns/

e'jVhnK, G[Zy ns/ d[Zy, gb/r ns/ t'dek (fJZe fe;w dh ôokp - ;za) dh f;qôNh

ehsh j? sK fe T[jBK gkghnK B{z ;÷k d/ ;e/, fijBK B{z T[;B/ y[d jh g?dk ehsk, ns/

i' y[d T[;dh wo÷h Bkb gkg eod/ jBaaaaaaa. ftfrnkBe fdqôNhe'D s'A, fJj

f;XKs p/fj:ks jh f;ZX j[zdk j?. fJ; d[BhnK dhnK ;kohnK gohxNBktK dh fJZe

wkso ftfrnkBe ftnkfynk sK g{oD G"fsetkd jh fdzdk j?.

(gza 32, p[ykfoB)

T[jBK d/ (:kBh G"fsetkdhnK d/ ;za) nB[;ko, nkozG ftZu ;h gqfeosh

(e[dos) l T[;s'A ihtBl ns/ ihtB s'A fuzsB ns/ T[j ;kohnK nfGftneshnK

(;ko/ gqrNkftnK) fijBK B{z n;] wkBf;e iK B?fse gfoxNBktK nkyd/ jK.

nkswk torh e'Jh ô?n j? jh Bj], ns/ wB l u/sBk gdkoE dh, fJZe yk; Yzr Bkb

;zrfms, fJZe feqnk d/ fJbktk j'o e[M Bj] j?.

(gza) 33

242 243

gzBk 193 (128)

nkw prkts ;zpzXh wkoe; dk fdqôNhe'D

gfjbh rZb L

ši/ nkw prkts B{z T[;d/ e"V/ nzikw sZe b? ikD (Gkt-T[;d/ ;ko/ gfoDkwK B{z

MZbD) dk fdqV ;zebg Bk j't/, sK T[;d/ Bkb y/v' wZs (fybtkV wZs eo' - S/VykBh wZs eo').

nkw prkts fJZe nfijk ;wheoD j? fi;d/ wkB (w[Zb) pj[s nfBôus jz[d/ jB, i' jo o'÷

pdb ;ed/ jB. fJ; ftZu fijBK ôeshnK dk fto'X ehsk ikDk jz[dk j? T[jBK e'b'A ;zrmB,

nB[ôkôB ns/ gozgokrs ;Zsk dhnK ;kohnK nB[e{b ;fEshnK j[zdhnK jB.

ši/ nkw prkts eoB tkb/ nkgD/ d[ôwDK d/ fybkø Gkoh skes Bj] fJeZmh eod/,

sK T[j e[ub fdZs/ ikDr/ ns/ BôN eo fdZs/ ikDr/.

d{ih rZb L

ši/ nkw prkts fJZe tko ô[o{j' rJh, sK fJj bk÷wh j? fe gZe/ ;zebg d/ Bkb

ekotkJh ehsh ikt/ ns/ jwbkto o[y nyfsnko ehsk ikt/. oZfynkswe o[y jo/e

jfEnkopzd nkw prkts dh w"s ;kfps j[zdk j?, fJj d[ôwD Bkb ÷'o n÷wkJh eoB s'A gfjbK

jh spkj j' iKdk j?. d[ôwD B{z T[;/ tes jZek-pZek eo ;[ZNDk ntZôe j? id'A T[;d/ ;?fBe

ni/ fyzv/-g{zv/ j'D, ns/ jo o'÷ BthnK ;cbsktK jkf;b eoBk ÷o{oh j?. ukj/ T[j fezBhnK th

S'NhnK feT[A Bk j'D. gfjbh ekw:kph Bkb tX/ wB'pb B{z pDkJh oZyDk ÷o{oh j?. vktKv'b

sZsK B{z nkw prkts d/ gZy ftZu eoBk ÷o{oh j?, i' jw/ôk jh skesto d/ fgZS/ bZr g?Ad/ jB,

ns/ jw/ôk tZX ;[oZfyns gZy Y{zvd/ ofjzd/ jB--fJZe ôpd ftZu dKs'- j[D sZe dh ikDekoh

ftZu fJBebkph Bhsh d/ ;ZG s'A wjkB ftdtkB - d/ fJjBk ôpdK d/ nB[;ko ekotkJh eo' L

db/ohaaaaadb¶ohaaa ns/ fJZe tko c/o db/oh.

B'N p[Ze ftZu nrbh fbyktN gza;za 273 T[Zs/ j?. gza 194 s'A gzBk 272 sZe e'o/ jB.

fgZS/ th nfij jh e'o/ gzB/ iK nzsokb nkJ/ jB.

j' ;edk j? fe Grs f;zx B/ nkgDh 404 gzfBnK dh B'N p[Ze ftu nkgD/ nfXn?B d/

ftfGzB ftfônK d/ w[skfpe nbZr-nbZr fjZ;/ fBoXkos ehs/ j'D. fJZE/ ysw j'J/ fjZ;/ ftZu

gza 165 s'A 193 sZe T[jBK d/ B'N oki d/ ftfrnkB T[Zgo ;[szsosk ns/ y[dw[yfsnkoh dhnK

ntXkoDktK ns/ T[jBK d/ ftek; pko/ T[jBK dh fBozsosk ftZu coK;h;h fJBebkp ns/

;'thns gq:'r T[Zs/ e/Adfos oj/. nrb/ fjZ;/ ftZu ftfGzB ekB{zBh ftfônK pko/ T[jBK dhnK

fNZgDhnK ns/ g[;seK dhnK N[ZeK doi jB. gozs{fJjBK ;G ftZu nkw ;{so fJj j? fe

f÷nkdkso ssekbhB Gkosh go;fEshnK ns/ j'o ;zpzfXs w[ZfdnK d/ ;zpzXh jB.

- ;za

244 245

gzBk 273 (130)*

šaaaaeh s[;] ukj[zd/ j' fe ftXkB gohôdK dk j'o ft;sko j't/< eh s[;]

ukj[zd/ j' fe e[M e[ Gkosh s[jkv/ gqshfBXhnK d/ o{g ftZu jkT{; nkø ekwB÷ ftZu

ik e/ p?mD< eh s[;] ukj[zd/ j' fe GkoshnK dh fJZe tZvh frDsh f;ftb ;oft;

ftZu Gosh j' ikt/< sK nkU t/yhJ/ fe 50,100,200, iK Gkosh (Gkosh-;za)

f;tbhnB Gosh j' ikD Bkb, ;oeko ;kvh j' ikT{rh. Gb/ jh g{oh dh g{oh f;tb

;oft; GkoshnK dh pD ikt/, gozs{f;tb ;ot?AN; B{z sK f;oø j[ew dh jh skwhb

eoBh j't/rh - T[j e'Jh j[ew Bj] d/ ;ed/, e'Jh Bhsh Bj] fBoXkos eo ;ed/.

fJe w[ork ;t/ok Bj] fbnkT[Adk. fpqfNô ;oeko dh ;/tk ftZu f;tbhnB, 100

f;tbhnB iK 1000 f;tbhnB Gosh j' e/ ;oeko B{z Gkosh Bj] pDk ;ed/. i'

gozgoktK jB, ekB{zB jB, BhshnK jB, T[jBK dh ih j÷{oh sK jo f;tbhnB B{z

eoBh jh gt/rh, ukj/ T[j ekbk j't/, G{ok j't/ ns/ id'A sZe fJj gozgoktK Bj]

pdb iKdhnK, fJjBK d/ f;XKsK ftZu oZd' pdbh Bj] ehsk iKdk, ns/ id'A sZe

fJjBK BhshnK ftZu w[ZY'A-;[ZY'A spdhbh Bj] ehsh iKdh, T[d'A sZe :{oghBK d/ EK

s/ GkoshnK dh Gosh eo d/D wkso Bkb jh fJ; d/ô ftZu nkgDh ;oeko Bj]

ekfJw j' ;edh. i/eo nZi ;oeko w?B{z nk e/ nky/ fe, š;toki bt'@ sK w?A fJ;

s'jc/ d/ tk;s/ XzBtkd sK eo d/tKrk, go T[j uh÷ B{z ;theko Bj] eokrk fi;B{z

w?A y[d nkgD/ jZEK Bkb g?dk Bj] ehsh j?aaaaaaa.

še'Jh th ;Zsk i' ;kv/ fto[ZX iKdh j?, T[;B{z n;] ÷pod;sh nkgDh wo÷h

d/ w{jo/ M[ZeD d/ bJh w÷p{o eoKr/.@

šaaaaap[fBnkdh uh÷ ;oeko dh rfowk (r"ot) j?.

246 247

gzBk 274 (131)

eh ;kwoki d/ nzdo ;t? ôkôB dk j'D tk;st ftZu fJZe fttjkoe

nkdoô j' ;edk j?< fJ;dk wsbp j? eh j'T{rk< fJ;dk wsbp iK sK ;kvk e'Jh

;t?-ôkôB Bj] j't/rk, iK fJzrb?Av dk ;kv/ T[Zs/ e'Jh tk;sfte ;odkoh Bj]

j't/rk. eh n;] ;t? ôkôB dh f;oø gqSkJ] d/ Bkb jh ;zs[ôN j' iktKr¶< i/eo Bj]

sK fJzrb?Av ;kv/ T[Zs/ nkgDh f;oø jZE m'ek ;oeko Bkb jh ;zs[ôN j' bt/rk< d'tK

jh jkbsK ftZu, fJzrb?Av fJZe jZE m'ek ;odkoh Go Bkb jh ;zs[ôN Bj] j' ;edk,

ns/ n;] th f;oø jZE-m'ek ;toki (emg[sbh ;t? ôkôB) Bkb ;zs[ôN j'D s'A

fJBeko eod/ jK ns/ fJ; tk;s/ Gkos ftZu ;t?oki ns/ fJzrb?Av dh T[; T[Zs/

;odkoh d/ ftueko nfijhnK go;fEshnK ftZu e'Jh ;wM"sk ;zGt Bj] j?. i/eo

;toki tk;sfte j't/, sK f;oø Gkos ftZu jh Bj], pbfe y[d fpqfNô ;kwoki d/

nzdo fJzrb?Av dh ;fEsh eh j't/rh< ;toki dk wsbp j? y[d N?e; bkT[D dk

nfXeko, fJ;dk wsbp j? nkgDk ezNo'b, fJ; dk wsbp j? nkgD/ b'eK B{z pd/ôh

fBo:ksK T[Zs/ oZfynkswe ns/ fBô/Xkswe u[zrh bkT[D dk nfXeko. fi; gb

;kB{z y[d N?e; bkT[D dk jZe fwb ikT{rk, T[; ;w/A n;] eh eoKr/< c/o n;]

T[d:'fre pkJhekN d/ fJ; emB ezw ftZu bZrD dh e'fôô Bj] eoKr/. pbfe T[j/

jh eoKr/ i' jo fJZe okôNo (d/ô) eodk nkfJnk j?. nZi n;] fJjBK go;fEshnK

ftZu fiT[A oj/ jK, T[jBK d/ wZd/B÷o n;] wkBu?;No s'A nkT[D tkb/ egV/ d/ fJZe-

fJZe fJzu T[s/ ns/ bhvo; s'A nkT[D tkbhnK fJZe-fJZe pb/v iK S[oh (uke{eod)

T[Zs/, Gkoh fBô/Xkswe ns/ ;[oZfyne uz[rh brk d/tKr/. nZi fi; soQK poskBt]

g{zih Gkosh ;z;EkBK dk ftek; d/ BK s/ fJZE/ bZrh j'Jh j?, T[;dh n;] jofr÷

nkfrnk Bj] d/tKr/. n;] poskBt] g{zihgshnK B{z d/ô dh yfDi ;zgdk dh y[dkJh

eoB ns/ T[;B{z nkgD/ d/ô ftZu u[Ze e/ b? ikD dk e'Jh nfXeko Bj] d/tKr/.

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gzBk 275 (132)

;kB{z pd/ôh gz{ih (;owkJ/) dh b'V j'T{rh. go fJ;d/ tk;s/ n;] g{oh

d[BhnK d/ pk÷koK ftZu pd/ôh eo÷k b?D dh doyk;s eoKr/, ns/ eo÷/ dk tkg;h

d/ bJh Gkosh ;oeko, Gkosh okôNo dh gqwkfDesk dh rozNh d/tKr/ ns/ nZi

fi; soQK Bkb fJzrb?Av d/ tgkoe ;tkoE g{o/ j' oj/ jB, go, b'eK d/ ;toki dh

jkbs ftZu fJj Bj] g{o/ j'Dr/, Gb/ jh fJj ;oeko ;kwoki d/ nXhB jh feT[A Bk

oj/. gozs{;wki d/ nzdo fJ;dk eh wsbp j't/rk< fJ;dk wsbp fJj j'T{rk fe

fJzrb?Av B{z uz[rh ;zpzXh e[ZM soihj gqkgs eoB d/ tk;s/ ;kv/ Bkb e[ZM fJeoko

eoB tk;s/ w÷p{o j'Dk gt/rk. i/ fJzrb?Av Gkos ftZu ;kv/ pk÷koK ftZu gqt/ô dh

y[ZbQh S[ZNh ukj{rk, sK T[;B{z ;kv/ tZb'A oZyhnK rJhnK ôosK d/ sfjs jh nkT[Dk

j'T{rk, ns/ fJZe no;/ d/ pkd id'A n;] nkgD/ ;z;kXBK dk ftek; eo btKr/ ns/

nkgD/ T[d:'fre y/so B{z ;t? fBoGo eo btKr/, sK n;] f;oø fJzrb?Av d/ tk;s/

jh Bj], ;r'A poskBt] ;kwoki d/ jo fJZe fjZ;/ d/ tk;s/ nkgDk dotk÷k y'jb

d/tKr/ ns/ eh s[;] ;wMd' j' fe fJzrb?Av tork w[Zmh Go nkpkdh tkbk fJZe S'Nk

fijk d/ô, Gkos tor/ gqkfeqse ;z;kXBK Bkb Gog{o d/ô d/ Bkb w[ekpbk eo

;e{rk, fi;d/ e'b'A n?Bh tZvh nkpkdh j? i' d[BhnK d/ fe;/ th Gkr ftZu ;G s'A

;kT{ns/ ;z÷wh ;wMh iKdh j?<

i/eo ;kwoki d/ nzdo ;Zuw[Zu ;kvh nkgDh ;oeko pD ikt/, i/eo 30

eo'V b'eK B{z T[jh ;[szsosk fwb ikt/ i' ;kwoki B{z jkf;b j?, c/o sK poskt]

;kwoki ofj jh Bj] ikT{rk. Gkosh ;kwoki pD ikT{rkaaaaaa.@

fpaua gkb

fBT{;fgfoN, 1907 ftZu'A

250 251

gzBk 276 (133)

fjzd{ ;ZfGnsk L

;kB{z fJ; soQK bZr ;edk j? fe nkgD/ eJh gfjb{nK dh fdqôNh s'A fJj

fJZe nfijk brGr ebgBk pkjoh ;w{j j? fi; ftZu fJZe gk;/ nfXnkswtkdh

ftukotkd j? sK d{i/ gk;/ ;E{b G"fsetkd th j?, fJZe gk;/ fJzdfonkJh fsnkr s/

d{i/ gk;/ fJzdfonkJh w'j fJZe gk;/ fJj wkBth nkswk B{z gô{ts nkswk d/ Bkb

J/ekeko eoB dk r"otwJh (xwzvh) dktk eodk j? ns/ wB[Zy B{z d?thnsk ftZu ns/

d?thnsk B{z wB[Zy ftZu ;wkfBs eodk j?, sK d{i/ gk;/ fJj jskô eo d/D tkbk

fBokôkdtkd th j? fi;d/ sfjs fJj T[gd/ô fdzdk j? fe ihtB nkgD/ nkg ftZu,

d[ydkJh nB[Gt d/ fJbktk j'o e[ZM th Bj] j? ns/ fe fJ;s'A w[esh dk ns/ ;kohnK

p[okJhnK dk nzs dk, fJZe wkso T[gkn n;fsZstjhD j' ikD ftZu jh j?.@

fôo'b gza 26

fJzvhnB nBo?;N

ftZfdne Bhsh L

Gkos ftZu gZSwh ftZfdnk B{z ukb{eoB dk w{b wzst B"itkB GkoshnK

dh fJZe nZSh-yk;h ;zfynk B{z f;Zfyns (No/Av) eoBk ;h, sK fe ;oekoh døsoK

ftZu w[s?js nj[fdnK B{z nzro/÷h p'bD tkb/ d/;h b'eK Bkb Gfonk ik ;e/.

gza 34

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gzBk 277 (134)

poskBt] B"eoôkjh d/ nZfsnkuko d/ fybkø nkgD/ nkg B{z okiBhse

nzd'bB ftZu M'e d/D tkb/ fezB/ gZSwh ftZfdnk gqkgs GkoshnK B/ nkgD/

d/ôtk;hnK B{z T[jBK dhnK ;wkie p[okJhnK dh eo{osk s'A w[es eoB d/ tk;s/

ed/ T[Arbh T[mkJh j?< T[jBK ftZu'A fezB/ e[ nfij/ jB i' y[d fJ;s'A w[es jB, iK i/

w[es th jB, sK eh T[jBK ftZu nkgDh ;'u d/ nB[;ko nkuoD dk j"A;bk th j?<

- fJzvhnB Ubv n?Av fBT{, gza 107

254 255

gzBk 278 (135)

fe;/ Gkosh ;z;d dh ebgBk eoBk w[ôeb j? !

Gkosh okôNoh eKro; brGr ô[o{s'A jh fJZe ;z;d dh ekoi ô?bh ngDk

u[Zeh ;h. gozs{Gkos ftZu ;z;d dh Bk sK e'Jh r[zikfJô ;h, ns/ Bk j?, ekoD fe

id'A sZe poskBt] ;kôB fJZe jehes pfDnk oj{rk, T[d'A sZe Gkos ;oeko,

fit/A fe bkov w';bh B/ ;kø s"o s/ fejk j?, fJZe fBoze[ô szso jh j' ;edk j? - i'

Gb/ jh efbnkDekoh j't/ ns/ Gkosh ftukoK d/ Bkb g{oh jwdodh oZy/, c/o th

fJj skBkôkj jh j't/rk.

154, nBo?;N

eKro; dk T[d/ô iK Nhuk L

šGkosh okôNoh eKro; dk T[d/ô Gkosh b'eK B{z ;oeko dh fJZe nfijh

gqDkbh T[gbZpX eokT[Dk j? i' mhe soQK dh jh j't/ fij' fijh poskBth ;kwoki

d/ nzsors ;t?-;kfôs d/ô ubk oj/ jB. fi; ftZu T[j ;kwoki d/ nfXekoK ns/

øo÷K ftZu pokpo d/ Gkrhdko j'D.@

wkbthnk ih dk gqXkBrh GkôD 1909

(eKro; dk bkj"o nfXt/ôB)

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gzBk 279 (136)

;[szso Gkos dk ;zftXkB

j'o e'Jh Bj], pbfe y[d (Gkos) wK jh fJj s?n eo{rh ns/ eo ;edh j? fe

fJZe tkoh id'A T[j nkgDh nk÷kdh gqkgs eo b?Adh j? ns/ nk÷kd j' iKdh j? sK

fJ; fJBebkp (eoKsh) d/ ;zgB j' ikD d/ pkd T[j nkgD/ ihtB d/ wkor doôB d/

tk;s/ fej' fijk ;zftXkB ngDkJ/rhaaa. fpBK ft;sko ftZu iKfdnk, n;] n?Bk

nky ;ed/ jK fe Gkosh okôNo dh fJzwghohnb ;oeko dk w[yhnk okôNogsh

pD{rk iK okik, fJj T[; T[Zgo fBoGo eodk j? fe fJj eoKsh y[d B{z fet/A nZr/

tXkT[Adh j?aaaaa. wK dk nk÷kd j'Dk, T[;dk nyzv ns/ fJZe j'Dk ns/ T[;dh fJZSk

dk ;ot T[Zu ofjDk ÷o{oh j?. T[;d/ pkd jh T[j nkgDh fJZSk ÷kfjo eo ;edh j?

fe T[j nkgD/ f;o T[Zs/ oki;h w[eN XkoD eo/ iK nkgDh gftZso ekfJnk B{z

rDsKsfos fbpk; Bkb ;ô'fGs eo/.

go wZs G[Zb' UJ/ okfiU fe s[jkfvnK ekoBkfwnK ns/ eos{sK dk ;õs

fj;kp fbnk ikT{rk ns/ BtK iBw bJh j'Jh iBsk s[jkv/ Bkb s[jkv/ jh Yzr

Bkb fj;kp u[esk eoBk Bj] G[Zb{rh. jo e'Jh i' b'eK d/ Bkb ikD p[ZM e/

ft;tkôxks eo{rk nkgD/ g[ofynK dk fso;eko (ngwkB) eo{rk ns/ wK d/

fybkc ik e/ nkgD/ y{B B{z rzdk eo{rkaaaaaT[;B{z e[ube/ rod ns/ X{V ftZu fwbk

fdZsk ikt/rk. eh s[jkB{z ;kv/ fJ; em'o ;zebg T[Zs/ ôzek j?< i/ j?, sK ;[D bt' Bkw

X]rVk (Y]rok) dk ns/ u[Zg j' ikt/. T[; ôjhd dk Bkw b? e/ nkyd/ jK fe j/

Gkosh okfiU, fJjBK ôpdK pko/ rzGhosk ns/ rfjokJh Bkb ;'u'. fit/A wo÷h j't/

eo', gozs{s[;] T[jh eZN'r/ i' phi'r/. u[D bt' fe s[;] okôNo d/ ;z;EkgeK ftZu'A

gfjbK pD'r/ iK okôNo d/ nZfsnkukohnK ftZu'A nkyoh.

gza 196, fJzvhnB nBo?;N

šs?j eo', T[J/ Gkosh j[ewokB'@

nS{s L

okiBhse fdqôNhe'D s'A Gkosh nkpkdh d/ bZyK b'eK dk nkgD/ ;kôeK dh

nk;Ek d/ nB[o{g XowKsoD (Xowh pdbh) nfijhnK ;zGktBktK d/ p{j/ y'jb

d/t/rk fe w?A T[jBK dk ft;Eko g{ote toBD eoB dh ÷o{os Bj] wfj;{; eodk.

gza 184

258 259

gzBk 280 (137)

esb Bj] :Zr

;'B/ dh w[dok gqkgs eoB d/ bkbu ftZu wB[Zyh G/yXkoh G{sD/-fJB;kBK, Gkos

d/ ebze g[b; - B/ to]do x'ô nkfd T[jBK wjkB ;g{sK B{z frqøsko eo fbnk, fijV/

nkgD/ fBZih fjZsK dk pbhdkB eoe/ ns/ pzp pDkT[D tor/ Ò:ZrÓ d/ gftZso nB[ômkB B{z

g{ok eoB ftZu nkgDk ihtB ;wofgs eoe/ nkgD/ d/ô dh nk÷kdh d/ tk;s/ ezw eo oj/

;B. fJjBK G{sD/-fJB;kBK ftZu ;G s'A tZvk G{sBk, Ònkô{s'ô ft;tkôÓ fJjBK pjkdo

;g{sK B{z cK;h d/ sys/ T[Zs/ gukT[D dk okj ;kø eoB bZfrnk. b/feB ôkpkô uko{.

(nkô{s'ô ft;tkô B{z ysw eoB tkfbnk) s/o/ wK-pkg ;G d/ g{iD :'r jB. s{z T[jBK dk

f;o T[Zuk ehsk j?, ;G s'A tZvk j";b/ dk ;p{s fdZsk j?, i' fJ; gb Go ihtB dh gqtkj Bk

eod/ j'fJnK, fJ; G{sB/ fJB;kB dh fJ; d[BhnK s'A S[ZNh eo fdZsh. ni/ f÷nkdk fdB Bj]

j'J/ id'A r'fonK B/, Sb-pb d/ Bkb Gkos B{z GkoshnK (w{b gkm ftZu wj[zwdBk-;za) e'b'A,

u'o T[uZfenK dh soQK MgN fbnk ;h. ns/ T[j ewhBk ;w;-T[b-nkbw, fi;B/ T[;

nkbwrho gksôkj dk o;sk ngDkfJnk fi;B/ ;'B/ dh w[dok gqkgs eoB d/ tk;s/ bkbu

ftZu nkgDh p÷[orK d/ BK B{z ebzfes ehsk, nZi T[; d[ôN B{z s{z Gkos dh fJ; gftZso

Xosh s'A fwNk fdZsk j?. Bo/B r';kJ] s'A b? e/ sfbs uZeotosh sZe ;ko/ T[; ewhB/

ikb;ki ôw;-T[b-nkbk dhnK ikb;k÷hnK ns/ s;hfjnK d/ cb;o{g ;oekoh rtkj

pD rJ/ ;B. i/eo s{z G{sB/ fJB;kBK dh fJ; wZddrko dh S[ZNh Bk eo fdZsh j[zdh sK eh

Gkos d/ tk;s/ e'Jh T[whd puh ofj iKdh<

eJh b'e] fJj uhe-fujkVk gk oj/ jB fe prkts eoBh wjK gkg j?.

gozs{prkts j? eh< eh Gkos ftZu e'Jh nfijh uh÷ j?, fi;d/ fybkø prkts ehsh ikt/<

eh fJj cozrh B{z Gkos dk pkdôkj wzfBnk ik ;edk j?, fi;B{z S'j wkso Bkb, fi;dk

wfj÷ goSktK b? ikD Bkb jh fjzd{nkgDk ô[ZXheoD eoB d/ tk;s/ w÷p{o j' iKd/ jB<

fJj wfj÷ gZSwh jB i' Gkos B{z b[ZN oj/ jBaaaaaa. fJjBK B{z pkjo eY' ;[ZN', j/

Gkos d/ ;g{s'. T[j s[jkB{z fiZE/ fes/ th fwbD, T[jBK T[Zs/ ns/ T[jBK d/ ;kEh w[ypoK ns/

y[chnk J/izNK T[Zs/ e'Jh ofjw Bk eo'. fgSb/ toQ/, fJeZb/ pzrkb ftZu jh 19 bZy b'e]

p[yko, u/ue, j?÷k, gb/r ns/ j'o d{ihnK phwkohnK Bkb wo rJ/. s[;] nkgD/ nkg B{z

y[ôB;hp ;wM' fe s[;] pu rJ/, gozs{:kd oZy' fe eZbQ B{z s[;] th gb/r ns/ j?÷/ dh bg/N

ftZu nk ;ed/ j'. eh s[jkv/ bJh fJj p/jso Bj] j'T{rk fe s[;] pjkdoK dh w"s wo'< id'A

GrtkB dk fJj' jh ftXkB j?, sK ÷ok ;'u' fe s[;] fJ; xVh ftZu Gkos d/ jo fJZe ;g{s dk

co÷ Bj] fe T[j fJjBK r'o d[ôwDK dk ;økfJnk eo/<

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gzBk 282 (138)

nkgD/ nkgB{z gb/r ns/ j?÷/ Bkb Bk woB d/t', nfijk eoe/ Gkos wK

dh gftZso G{wh d{fôs Bk eo'. g[zB ns/ gkg ftZu øoe eoB d/ tk;s/ nkgD/

ôkôso ;kvk wkor doôe jB. nkgD/ ôkôso (Xkowe rqzE) tko tko ;kB{z dZ;d/

jB fe fJjBK r'o/ ewhfBnK ns/ T[jBK d/ ;fj:'rh M'bh u[ZeK ns/ ;fj ngokXhnK

B{z esb eoBk nôtw/X :Zr d/ pokpo j?. nkU ;kfonK d/ ;ko/ nkU. nkU nkgK

;ko/ fwbe/ fJ; pbh p/dh T[Zs/ nkgDh :Zr-nj{sh nofgs eohJ/, ns/ gqkoEBk

eohJ/ fe fJ; :[Zr ftZu ;ko/ r'o/ ;Zg fJ;dh itkbk ftZu fJzM jh G;w j' ikD fit/A

iBw/i: :Zr ftZu ;Zg BôN j' rJ/ ;B. :kd oZy', fJj esb Bj] L :Zr j?.

(gza 342, B'N;) nkJha :{a

šGkos ftZu e[Zb wZsdksk 62,00,000 noEks Gkos e[Zb nkpkdh dk

2¾ gqshôs jB fijBK ftZu T[j y/so ôkwb Bj], fijBK T[Zs/ 1919 dk ekB{zB Bj]

bkr{j[zdk ;h.@

194

nkJha Ua n?Ba

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gzBk 283 (140)

fJzvhnk Ubv n?Av fBT{L fôo'b tha

šfpqfNô b'e] fJj ;wM b?D fe i/eo T[j fJB;kø Bj] eoBk ukj[zd/, sK

jo fJZe Gkosh dk gow-eoZst pD ikT{rk fe fJ; ;kwoki B{z BôN eo d/t/.@

wjkswk ih (Bkrg[o eKro;)

fdjks ns/ ôfjo dk gqôB

e[Zb ;oekoh f;nkDg fJ; o{g ftZu ftykJh rJh ;h fe G{r'fbe ;fEsh

T[Zgo fpBK fXnkB fdZs¶, d{o-d[o/v/ d/ ôfjoK B{z fJZe u'D y/so ftZu oZy fdZsk

frnk ;h, sK fe nfij/ ôfjoh ftneshnK B{z i' fe (;oeko d/) Bk ukj[zd/ j'fJnK th

tZX fte;s okiBhse fdqôNhe'D ngDk u[Ze/ ;B, T[jBK g/Av{jbfenK ftZu'A

T[whdtko pDB s'A o'fenk ik ;e/, fijBK ftZu i/eo T[go'es ftt;Ek Bk ehsh

rJh j[zdh sK eJh fJZe S'N/ ôfjo th ;[Gkfte s"o s/ ôkfwb j' iKd/. fJj fJZe

nkyoh :sB ;h fijVk fJ; ft;tkô T[Zs/ nkXkos ;h fe gzikp dh nkpkdh B{z

pZeohnK ns/ G/vK d/ o{g ftZu tzfvnk ik ;edk ;h fi; ftZu pZeohnK

šft;tkôxksh@ ôfjoh b'e ns/ G/vK šft;tkôgkso@ fe;kB ;w[dkfJ d/ b'e] 4wzB/ rJ/ ;B.

ykb;k ekbi 1892 ftZu ;Ekfgs j'fJnk ;h.

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gzBk 284 (141)

Gkos fij' fijk w?A fJ; B{z ikfDnk

šfJZe wjkswk dk wkor ;Zu] w[Zu] efmB j? ns/ fJj j?okBhiBe Bj] j?

fe rKXh B/ j[D/ fij/ jh fJ; T[gkXh B{z - ns/ fJ;dh ÷[zw/tkohnK B{z fsnkr d/D dh

e'fôô ehsh j?. Gkos ftZu T[;dk gqGkt bZrGr xNdk ik fojk j?, fco th T[jBK

dk ;zfBnk;h dk pkDk ns/ wjkB B?fse ;ZukJhnK d/ o{g ftZu T[jBK tb'A nfsnzs

e[ôbsk Bkb fBo{fgs ehs/ ikD tkb/ n;gZôN ns/ r?o fttjkoe Nkb;NkJ/

wkor f;XKs pE/o/ b'eK B{z ;koEe bZrD dk Gow fdzd/ jB ns/ Gkt[e fJzrb?Av d/

d[obG wB tkb/ ns/ coK; d/ e[ZM soeôhb b'e th J/;/ Gow (G[b/y/) ftZu jB

fijV/ g{op e'b'A fJZe Bt] o"ôBh dh T[whd bkJh p?m/ jB.

gza 65

w[yfpo L

nkfJoô ;kfiôK ftZu i' fxqDs gozs{T[g:'rh tor nkw s"o s/ (w[yfpoK

dh - ;za) ng{osh efonk eodk ;h, T[j iV s'A jh feT[A w[Ze frnk, fJ;d/ w[Zy

ekoDK ftZu w?A ;wMdk jK fJZe sK fJj th fojk j'T{rk fe ;ZskXkoh nkgD/ w[ypoK

B{z b[e'D ns/ pukT[D ftZu n;cb oj/. fit/A ÷/w÷ e?oh d/ wkwb/ ftZu, id'A fe

T[;B/ fJBebkphnK d/ r[gs fro'j dk godk ckô ehsk ;h ns/ T[;dh rtkjh s/

po?vh, fcN÷jopoN ns/ wb/B B{z chfBe; gkoe dhnK d' jZfsnktK, noEks uhc

;?eNoh ns/ nzvoh ;?eNoh d/ esbK d/ pdb/ cK;h T[Zs/ uVk fdZsk frnk. T[;

w[ypo dh fJZe B"itkB fJBebkph U-vkB/b B/ vopB ftZu-fdjkV/ r'bh wkoe/

jZfsnk eo fdZsh. Gkt/A fe jZfsnk eoB tkbk cV fbnk frnk. wjK:[ZX s'A gfjbK

ns/ T[;d/ d"okB, gzikp d/ b?cNhB?AN rtoBo d/ o{g ftZu, w/ok eJh fJBebkph

;kfiôK Bkb gkbk fgnk, fijBK dk godk ckô eoB ftZu w[yfpoK d/ tor B/ fJZe

tZvh G{fwek fBGkJh ns/ ;kvh u"e;h n?B] w[ezwb ojh fe fJZe th wkwb/ ftZu fe;/

th w[yfpo dk tkb th ftzrk Bj] j'fJnk.

266 267

gzBk 285 (142)

w?A ;wM ;edk jK fe nkgDh Bhusk Goh ukbpk÷h, p/jZd x[wzv ns/ r[ZN

pDk e/ xNhnk ;kf÷ôK ouD d/ nkgD/ iwKdo{o[MkD ns/ no[Zuheo sZEK T[Zgo

godk gkT[D dh ;woZEk Bkb g{oh soQK b?; Gkosh ;kfiôekoh fet/A fJ; wkj"b

ftZu nkokw Bkb ezw eod/ ;B.

gza 187

fJzvhnk n?i nkJh fBT{fJN

nkohnk ;wki L

don;b nkohnk ;wki gZSwh gqGkt d/ fybkø fJZe okôNotkdh g[Bo

ikroD j?. fJj fJ; ;zgqdkfJ d/ ;z;Ekge d:k Bzd d/ nfXekoe rozE, ;Zs:koE

gqekô ftZu nkgD/ nB[nkfJnK B{z nghb eodk j? fe T[j t'NK d/ tZb] gos ikD

ns/ nkohnK d/ ebgfBe ;toB :[Zr nshs ftZu GftZy d/ ;[Bfjoh :[Zr dh

sbkô eoB. ;Zs:koE gqekô r?o fjzd{;kôB d/ fybkø dbhbK th fdzdk j?, ns/ e[M

toQ/ gfjbK fJ; ;zgqdkfJ d/ fJZe w[jo?b nypko B/ sK d:kBzd B{z jh ;toki d/

f;XKs dk n;bh p[bkok j'D dk dkntk th ehsk.

gozs{1907 ftZu id'A e[ZM ôokosh nõpkoK B/ nkohnk ;wki d/ fto[ZX

nctkjK c?bkT[DhnK nkozG ehshnK, sK fJ; ;zgqdkfJ B/ nkgD/ g[okD/ Xow

f;XKs B{z d[jokT[Ad/ j'fJnK fJ; fJokd/ dk fJZe gq;skt gqekfôs eoB dh f;nkDg

ftykJh fe fJ; ;zrmB d/ fe;/ th fe;w d/ okiBhse ro[Zg iK fe;/ th fe;w d/

okiBhse nzd'bB d/ Bkb e'Jh ;zpzX Bj] j?. j[D i/ fJZe ;zrmB d/ o{g ftZu ;wki

tZb'A uow gZyh okiBhsh Bkb'A ;zpzXK dk s'V ftS'Vk eoB d/ fJ; dknt/ B{z wzB th

fbnk ikt/, sK th eZNV fjzd{nK d/ tk;s/ fJj rZb r"o sbp j'Dh ukjhdh j? fe

Gb/ jh, nkohnk ;wki ftZu gzikp dh fjzd{nkpkdh d/ 5 gqshôs s'A tZX b'e] ôkwb

Bj] jB, fco th 1907 s'A b? e/ nZi sZe fjzd{nK dh fJZe tZvh frDsh i' oki Xo'j

ns/ d{i/ okiBhse ÷[owK d/ nXhB dzvs j[zdh ojh j?, T[j fJ; ;wki dh jh w?Apo

ojh j?..

gza 184 T[jh

268 269

gzBk 286 (143)

Gkos d/ ;zpzXh nzeV/ L

fJzrb?Av ns/ t/b÷ ftZu 4$5 nkpkdh ôfjoK ftZu ofjzdh j?

ôfjoh ihtB dk wkDe T[E'A ô[o{j[zdk j? Gkos (fpqfNô)

id'A 1000 b'e] fJeZm/ ofjD bZrd/ jB e[Zb

f;oø sK jh Bro gkfbek tZb'A ib fBek;, 2,44,000,000

o"ôBh ns/ gkDh dh ;gbkJh b'eK ftZu

dh ftt;Ek ehsh ik ;edh j?. 226,000,000 b'e]

fgzvK ftZu ofjzd/ jB.

---------0-----------

fJzrb?Av - nkw ;fwnK ftZu

w[jZJhnk eodk j? 58# (nkpkdh dk - ;z) T[d:'r B{z

8# y/shpkVh B{z

Gkos fdzdk j? 71# y/shpkVh B{z

12# T[d:'r B{z

5# tgko B{z

2# xo/b{;/tktK B{z

1½# ;[szso eko'pkoK B{z

1½ # ;?Bk ;w/s, ;oekoh ;/tk B{z

- ;w[Zu/ Gkos ftZu 31 eo'V 50 bZy b'eK ftZu'A 22 eo'V 60 bZy b'e]

G{wh (y/spkVh) T[Zgo fBoGo jB.

- T[jBK ftZu'A 20 eo'V 80 bZy b'e f;ZX/ o{g ftZu y/shpkVh T[Zgo fiT[Ad/

jB iK fBoGo jB.

(wkT{ANc'ov fog'oN)

270 271

gzBk 288 (144)

e[Zb y/socb - 1,800,000 tor whb

ro/N fpqN/B Bkb'A 20 r[Dk tZvk

- 700,000 torwhb iK 1$3 Bkb'A tZX gqKsK d/ nXhB j?. Gkosh gqKsK dh

;zfynk 600 j?.

- powk coK; Bkb'A tZvk j?. wdok; ns/ pzpJh (gqKs), nbZr-nbZr fJNbh

Bkb'A tZv/ jB.

Gkos dh e[Zb iB ;zfynk (1921 dh wodwô[wkoh) -

318,942,000

noEks e[Zb wB[Zy iksh dk 1$5

- 247,000,000 nkpkdh fpqfNô

Gkos ftZu ns/

71,900,000 gqKsK (;{fpnK) ftZu j?

25 bZy b'e nzro/÷h gVQBh ikDd/ jB - gqsh fJZe j÷ko wodK

ftZu'A 16 ns/ gqsh

j÷ko n"osK ftZu'A 2

d/;h GkôktK dh e[Zb ;zfynk 222 j?

fgzvK dh e[Zb ;zfynk 500,000a

272 273

gzBk 288 (145)

;t/i Bfjo 1869 ftZu y[Zbh .

T[; tes Gkos dk e[Zb fBo:ks ;h L

o[L 80 eo'V & £ 80,000,000

1926-27 ns/ T[;s'A gfjbK d/ d' tfoQnK ftZu fJ;dh n";s ;h L

o[a 350 eo'V noEks brGr £

262,500,000

e[Zb iB;zfynk & 31 eo'V 90 bZy

fi; ftZu'A 3 eo'V 20 bZy 50 j÷ko noEks 10a2 gqshôs b'e

e;fpnK ns/ ôfjoK (ôfjoh y/so) ftZu ofjzd/ jB,

id'A fe fJzrb?Av ftZu fJj 79# j?.

ns/ ezw dk ;G s'A w[ôeb fjZ;k j'T{rk M{ZrhnK-M"AgVhnK ftZu ofjD

tkfbnK d/ fdwkr ftZu p¶jsoh dh fJZSk B{z GoBk.

gza 22

;kJhwB fog'oN

gzBk 304

Grs f;zx d/ S'N/ d;sys

skohy 12a9a1929