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NATIONAL INSTITUTE

OF

OCEANOGRAPHY

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SCHEME OF PRESENTATIONSCHEME OF PRESENTATION

IntroductionIntroduction ResponsibilityResponsibility--National Maritime PolicyNational Maritime Policy Important Oceanic PhenomenaImportant Oceanic Phenomena

Services Offered by NIOServices Offered by NIO Departments in NIODepartments in NIO JournalJournal

ProjectsProjects ConclusionConclusion ReferencesReferences

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

AutonomousAutonomous bodybody establishedestablished inin 19811981 atat KarachiKarachi

AlsoAlso hashas aa researchresearch stationstation atat GwadarGwadar CoastCoast

ResearchResearch areaarea -- NorthNorth ArabianArabian SeaSea andand beyondbeyond ScopeScope extendsextends fromfrom atmosphereatmosphere toto oceanocean floorfloor &&

oceanocean bedbed

3030 scientistsscientists && 3939 supportsupport staffstaff

AccessAccess toto ResearchResearch VesselVessel "BEHR"BEHR PAIMAPAIMA

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NIONIO DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

ProfessionalProfessional && technicaltechnical manpowermanpower DevelopmentDevelopment

DevelopmentDevelopment ofof institutionalinstitutional capabilitycapability

ManagementManagement capabilitycapability forfor marinemarine datadataacquisitionacquisition && processingprocessing

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RESPONSIBILITIESRESPONSIBILITIESNATIONAL MARITIME POLICYNATIONAL MARITIME POLICY

ProvideProvide technicaltechnical adviceadvice onon contaminantscontaminants andandresponsibleresponsible toto determinedetermine pollutantpollutant levelslevels

WorkWork outout detailsdetails ofof ICZMICZM inin consultationconsultation withwithconcernedconcerned Authorities,Authorities, NGOsNGOs etcetc

CarryCarry outout rere--evaluationevaluation // rere--assessmentassessment ofof oceansoceansrelatedrelated trainingtraining && researchresearch periodicallyperiodically

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IMPORTANT OCEANIC PHENOMENAIMPORTANT OCEANIC PHENOMENA

Monsoon & climatic changeMonsoon & climatic change

Upwelling & circulationUpwelling & circulation

Mixing of Red Sea & Gulf WaterMixing of Red Sea & Gulf Water Indus estuary & sedimentationIndus estuary & sedimentation

Submarine Indus ConeSubmarine Indus Cone

Murray Fracture ZoneMurray Fracture Zone

Makran Subduction MarginMakran Subduction Margin

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SERVICES OFFERED BY NIOSERVICES OFFERED BY NIO Marine Environment Protection & ConservationMarine Environment Protection & Conservation

Environment Audit & Impacts for Coastal DevelopmentEnvironment Audit & Impacts for Coastal DevelopmentProjectsProjects

Ecological Surveys, Water Quality Monitoring &Ecological Surveys, Water Quality Monitoring &

AssessmentAssessment

Environmental Sensitivity RankingEnvironmental Sensitivity Ranking

Dispersion & fate of EffluentsDispersion & fate of Effluents

Oil Pollution MonitoringOil Pollution Monitoring

Heavy Metal ContaminationHeavy Metal Contamination

Beach Protection and Seabed SurveysBeach Protection and Seabed SurveysContdContd

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Costal Zone ManagementCostal Zone Management

CoastalCoastal Dynamics,Dynamics, Waves,Waves, Currents,Currents, TidalTidal LevelLevel

MeasurementMeasurement && PredictionPrediction

TransportTransport && DispersionDispersion Modeling,Modeling, CoastalCoastalErosionErosion && SedimentSediment TransportTransport..

CoastalCoastal hydraulichydraulic SurveysSurveys forfor ConstructionConstruction ofofPorts,Ports, JettiesJetties && HarboursHarbours

SERVICES OFFERED BY NIOSERVICES OFFERED BY NIO

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TechnicalTechnical ServicesServices && FeasibilityFeasibility forfor developmentdevelopment ofofAquacultureAquaculture

CoastalCoastal ResourceResource Appraisal, Appraisal, CoastalCoastal ConstructionConstruction &&EnvironmentEnvironment ProtectionProtection

OceanographicOceanographic DataData ServicesServices

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DEPARTMENTSDEPARTMENTS -- NIONIO

Physical Oceanography DepartmentPhysical Oceanography Department

Geological and Geophysics DepartmentGeological and Geophysics Department

Chemical Oceanography & Marine EnvironmentChemical Oceanography & Marine EnvironmentDepartmentDepartment

Biological Oceanography DepartmentBiological Oceanography Department

Ocean Technology, Coastal Hydraulics & CoastalOcean Technology, Coastal Hydraulics & CoastalZone Management DepartmentZone Management Department

Antarctic Research CellAntarctic Research Cell

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PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHYPHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

Sea level changes & coastal water dynamicsSea level changes & coastal water dynamics

Distribution & structure of oceanic fronts in shelfDistribution & structure of oceanic fronts in shelfseasseas

Analysis of oceanic & tidal currentsAnalysis of oceanic & tidal currents

Tidal predictions for ports along Pakistan CoastTidal predictions for ports along Pakistan Coast

Spatial & temporal variations in coastal processesSpatial & temporal variations in coastal processes

Numerical modelingNumerical modeling

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GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICSGEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS

Geological processes & Geomorphology of coastalGeological processes & Geomorphology of coastalareasareas

Sedimentation & Sedimentary processes in IndusSedimentation & Sedimentary processes in IndusDelta & Makran MarginDelta & Makran Margin

GeoGeo--hazards & coastal environmenthazards & coastal environment Exploration of places for minerals / nonExploration of places for minerals / non--livingliving

resourcesresources

Identification / evaluation of potential areas forIdentification / evaluation of potential areas forhydrocarbon resources in EEZhydrocarbon resources in EEZ

Study subStudy sub--bottom strata for laying cables, pipelinesbottom strata for laying cables, pipelines& building coastal / offshore structures& building coastal / offshore structures

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CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHYCHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

DynamicsDynamics ofof chemicalchemical componentscomponents inin seasea water,water,sedimentsediment && marinemarine organismsorganisms

MonitoringMonitoring ofof heavyheavy metalmetal pollutantspollutants // chlorinatedchlorinatedhydrocarbonshydrocarbons inin coastalcoastal waterswaters

InfluenceInfluence ofof industrialindustrial / / municipalmunicipal wastewaste waterswaters ononmarinemarine environmentenvironment

DeterminationDetermination ofof assimilativeassimilative capacitiescapacities ofof receivingreceivingwaters,waters, developmentdevelopment ofof waterwater qualityquality criteriacriteria forfor

coastalcoastal waterswaters aroundaround municipalmunicipal andand industrialindustrial wastewastedischargedischarge pointspoints

EnvironmentalEnvironmental impactimpact assessmentassessment forfor coastalcoastal industryindustry

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BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHYBIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

SpatialSpatial / / temporaltemporal changeschanges inin breedingbreeding patternspatterns ofofmarinemarine organismsorganisms

PrimaryPrimary productivityproductivity inin coastalcoastal waterswaters

FoodFood webweb // MangroveMangrove ecosystemecosystem studiesstudies EcologicalEcological problemsproblems duedue toto industrialindustrial // recreationalrecreational

activitiesactivities

RearingRearing techniquestechniques forfor productionproduction ofof shrimpshrimp // fishesfishes

InventoryInventory // evaluationevaluation ofof livingliving resourcesresources

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OCEAN TECHNOLOGYOCEAN TECHNOLOGYCOASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENTCOASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

SystematicSystematic hydraulichydraulic andand hydrohydro--dynamicdynamic investigationinvestigation allallalongalong thethe coastcoast

DataData collectioncollection onon waves,waves, tides,tides, currentscurrents andand littorallittoraltransporttransport forfor coastalcoastal protection,protection, planningplanning ofof portsports etcetc

DevelopmentDevelopment ofof numericalnumerical modelsmodels ofof harbours,harbours, bays,bays, forforinvestigatinginvestigating tidaltidal heightsheights // andand currentcurrent effectseffects

OccupancyOccupancy andand pathpath ofof cyclonescyclones andand effecteffect ofof stormstormsurgessurges onon thethe coastcoast areare studiedstudied forfor evaluatingevaluating shoreshoreerosion,erosion, throughthrough numericalnumerical modelsmodels..

ContdContd

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Advice Advice establishmentestablishment ofof coastalcoastal industry,industry, intakeintake waterwatersystemsystem forfor nuclearnuclear plants,plants, heavyheavy industryindustry andand drainingdraining intointothethe seasea etcetc..

StudyStudy coastalcoastal morphologicalmorphological conditions,conditions, beachbeach profiles,profiles,coastalcoastal longlong--shoreshore forfor beachbeach stabilizationstabilization;; scalingscaling ofof

dredgeddredged harborsharbors andand sandsand accumulationaccumulation nearnear jetties jetties //coastalcoastal structuresstructures

DetermineDetermine suitablesuitable solutionssolutions forfor siltation,siltation, erosionerosion andandprotectionprotection problemsproblems

DeepDeep SeaSea fishingfishing andand DeepDeep SeaSea miningmining requirerequire specialspecialtechniquestechniques ee..gg.. forfor offoff shoreshore structures,structures, pipepipe--lines,lines,submarinesubmarine cablescables etc,etc, toto operateoperate thethe specializedspecialized geargear..

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ANTARCTIC RESEARCH CELLANTARCTIC RESEARCH CELL

GlobalGlobal significancesignificance forfor influencinginfluencing globalglobal weather,weather,potentialpotential forfor hugehuge nonnon--livingliving / / livingliving resourcesresourcesandand naturalnatural laboratorylaboratory forfor scientificscientific researchresearch

PakistanPakistan launchedlaunched twotwo expeditionsexpeditions && collectedcollectedusefuluseful environmentalenvironmental // oceanographicoceanographic datadata

PakistanPakistan isis maintainingmaintaining twotwo summersummer researchresearchstationsstations && oneone weatherweather observatoryobservatory

PlanningPlanning toto buildbuild aa fullfull fledgedfledged permanentpermanent basebase

ContdContd

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PolarPolar ResearchResearch CellCell isis establishedestablished withinwithin NationalNational InstituteInstitute

ofof OceanographyOceanography toto runrun AntarcticAntarctic researchresearch programmeprogramme

MainMain objectivesobjectives ofof PakistanPakistan AntarcticAntarctic programmeprogramme includeinclude::

UndertakeUndertake multimulti--disciplinarydisciplinary researchresearch // surveysurvey inin geology,geology,geophysics,geophysics, environmentalenvironmental researchresearch andand oceanographyoceanography

ParticipateParticipate inin internationalinternational scientificscientific programmesprogrammes

ProvideProvide relevantrelevant technicaltechnical informationinformation toto GovtGovt ofof PakistanPakistanonon AntarcticAntarctic affairsaffairs

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JOURNALJOURNAL

PublishesPublishes PakistanPakistan JournalJournal ofof Oceanography,Oceanography, aa biannualbiannualjournaljournal inin EnglishEnglish

PublishesPublishes originaloriginal researchresearch paperspapers onon allall aspectsaspects ofofoceanographyoceanography including,including, physical,physical, chemical,chemical, biological,biological,

geophysical,geophysical, geologicalgeological etcetc..

ProminentProminent oceanographersoceanographers areare alsoalso invitedinvited toto contributecontributetheirtheir experienceexperience oror researchresearch

OccasionallyOccasionally devoteddevoted toto collectionscollections ofof paperspapers &&exceptionalexceptional conferenceconference proceedingsproceedings

JournalJournal isis openopen toto allall oceanographersoceanographers ofof thethe worldworld

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INTERNATIONAL PROJECTSINTERNATIONAL PROJECTS

PakPak--USUS cooperativecooperative programmeprogramme inin oceanographyoceanography ofofArabianArabian SeaSea

InfluenceInfluence ofof oxygenoxygen minimumminimum onon geochemistrygeochemistry ofofArabianArabian SeaSea SedimentsSediments (PAKOMIN)(PAKOMIN) -- GermanyGermany

SurveySurvey ofof MalanMalan IslandIsland (off(off Makran)Makran) -- GermanyGermany

MakranMakran AccretionaryAccretionary wedgewedge offoff--Pakistan,Pakistan, TectonicTectonicevolutionevolution -- GermanyGermany

MarineMarine researchresearch programmeprogramme "CHAMAK"CHAMAK--WINMO"WINMO" --FranceFrance

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PROJECTS IN PROGRESSPROJECTS IN PROGRESS

ShortShort TermTerm ImpactImpact AssessmentAssessment ProgrammeProgramme forfor TasmanTasman SpiritSpiritOilOil SpillSpill -- PhasePhase 11

HydraulicHydraulic // hydrodynamichydrodynamic studystudy ofof BundalBundal IslandIsland

AcquisitionAcquisition ofof oceanographicoceanographic researchresearch vesselvessel

ExtensionExtension ofof ContinentalContinental ShelfShelf ofof PakistanPakistan fromfrom 200200 NMNM toto350350 NMNM

ContdContd

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StrengtheningStrengthening NIONIO forfor OceanOcean Technology,Technology, CoastalCoastal ZoneZone

ManagementManagement andand RemoteRemote SensingSensing

ImpactImpact ofof OilOil SpillSpill && BioBio--remedialremedial measuresmeasures onon marinemarineenvironmentenvironment alongalong CliftonClifton BeachBeach // adjoiningadjoining areasareas

EstablishmentEstablishment ofof multimulti--purposepurpose crustaceancrustacean hatcheryhatchery andandjumbojumbo shrimpshrimp farmingfarming

PakPak--EPAEPA MarineMarine WaterWater PollutionPollution MonitoringMonitoring CenterCenter atat NIONIO

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PROJECTS COMPLETEDPROJECTS COMPLETED

StudyStudy ofof heavyheavy metalmetal pollutionpollution level,level, itsits impactimpact onon FaunaFauna &&FloraFlora ofof KarachiKarachi // GwadarGwadar coastscoasts -- WWFWWF PakistanPakistan

Assessment Assessment ofof organicorganic pollutantspollutants inin marinemarine environmentenvironment ofofKarachiKarachi && adjoiningadjoining creekscreeks ofof IndusIndus DeltaDelta -- PesticidePesticide ActionActionNetworkNetwork NorthNorth AmericaAmerica && GlobalGlobal GreenGreen FundFund

PreliminaryPreliminary assessmentassessment ofof pesticidespesticides // DDTDDT contaminationcontamination ininmarinemarine environmentenvironment ofof KarachiKarachi && adjoiningadjoining GizriGizri / / KorangiKorangiCreeksCreeks -- WWFWWF PakistanPakistan

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BedBed LevelLevel surveysurvey ofof ShahShah SamandoSamando CreekCreek --WAPDAWAPDA

BiodiversityBiodiversity ofof planktonicplanktonic stagesstages ofof fishfish inin twotwomajormajor IndusIndus DeltaDelta CreeksCreeks -- WWFWWF PakistanPakistan

HydraulicHydraulic MonitoringMonitoring ofof TidalTidal LinkLink DrainDrain -- WAPDAWAPDA

FeasibilityFeasibility studystudy toto restorerestore andand developdevelop BundalBundalandand KhiprianwalaKhiprianwala IslandsIslands -- DHADHA

ImpactImpact assessmentassessment ofof CycloneCyclone 22A A onon coastalcoastalenvironmentenvironment ofof ThattaThatta // BadinBadin -- WWFWWF PakistanPakistan

ContdContd

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StudyStudy ofof riskrisk assessmentassessment ofof cyclonecyclone // stormstormsurgessurges onon ICIICI PlantPlant inin PortPort QasimQasim -- HeglerHegler BailyBaily(Pvt)(Pvt) LtdLtd

ImpactImpact assessmentassessment studystudy onon coastalcoastal zones,zones, seasealevellevel riserise / / monsoonmonsoon variationsvariations -- PakistanPakistanNationalNational CommunicationCommunication

HydrodynamicsHydrodynamics / / hydraulichydraulic studystudy ofof BundalBundalIslandIsland -- PNPN

HydrographicHydrographic / / environmentalenvironmental surveysurvey forfor 206206MWMW SteamSteam TurbineTurbine PlantPlant atat Gadani,Gadani, BalochistanBalochistan-- M/SM/S Star/ABBStar/ABB EnergyEnergy VentureVenture LimitedLimited

ContdContd

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HydrographicHydrographic surveysurvey forfor 134134 MWMW BargeBarge MountedMounted PowerPowerStationStation atat KorangiKorangi CreekCreek -- M/SM/S FarFar EastEast LevingstonLevingstonShipbuildingShipbuilding Limited,Limited, SingaporeSingapore

MarineMarine outfalloutfall studystudy forfor KarachiKarachi sewagesewage disposaldisposal -- AsianAsianDevelopmentDevelopment Bank,Bank, Manila,Manila, PhillippinesPhillippines forfor KWKW && SBSB

HydrographicHydrographic surveysurvey // hydraulichydraulic investigationinvestigation forfor feasibilityfeasibilitystudystudy ofof 350350 MWMW FEPCOFEPCO OilOil FiredFired PowerPower StationStation atat KhalifaKhalifaPoint,Point, Hub,Hub, BalochistanBalochistan -- M/SM/S FaujiFauji FoundationFoundation

CirculationCirculation dynamicsdynamics ofof NearNear shoreshore waterswaters Hub,Hub,BalochistanBalochistan -- M/SM/S INTEGINTEG InternationalInternational

ContdContd

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TopographicTopographic // hydrographichydrographic surveysurvey forfor CoalCoal FiredFiredPowerPower PlantPlant ProjectProject atat GadaniGadani -- WAPDAWAPDA

HydrographicHydrographic / / oceanographicoceanographic surveysurvey forfor PasniPasniFishFish HarbourHarbour -- EngineeringEngineering Consultant,Consultant, KarachiKarachi

FeasibilityFeasibility studiesstudies forfor extractionextraction ofof energyenergy fromfromcurrentcurrent andand haliohydrogravityhaliohydrogravity alongalong PakistanPakistanCoastCoast -- PakistanPakistan ScienceScience Foundation,Foundation, IslamabadIslamabad

HydraulicHydraulic monitoringmonitoring inin ShahShah SamandoSamando Creek,Creek,IndusIndus DeltaDelta

ContdContd

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StudyStudy ofof effluentseffluents effectseffects fromfrom PakistanPakistan SteelSteel onon creekcreekenvironmentenvironment

StudyStudy // controlcontrol ofof marinemarine befoulingbefouling problemproblem atat seawaterseawatersupplysupply // coolingcooling systemsystem ofof PakistanPakistan SteelSteel

FeasibilityFeasibility studystudy forfor marinemarine outfalloutfall forfor disposaldisposal ofof sewagesewage //wastewaste waterswaters ofof KarachiKarachi citycity

HydraulicHydraulic / / hydrodynamichydrodynamic studystudy forfor reclamationreclamation //developmentdevelopment ofof BundalBundal IslandIsland

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

ExpansionExpansion ofof NIONIO toto optimallyoptimally toto exploitexploitoceanographicoceanographic resourcesresources

GraduateGraduate / / PostPost--GraduateGraduate coursescourses shouldshould bebeconductedconducted underunder BahriaBahria UniversityUniversity

SpecificSpecific researchresearch vesselsvessels shouldshould bebe acquiredacquired forforresearchresearch // forfor highhigh seasseas watchwatch

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REFERENCESREFERENCES

OfficialOfficial websitewebsite ofof MinistryMinistry ofof ScienceScience && TechnologyTechnology((wwwwww..mostmost..govgov..pkpk))

OfficialOfficial websitewebsite ofof NationalNational InstituteInstitute ofof OceanographyOceanography

((wwwwww..niopkniopk..govgov..pkpk))

NationalNational MaritimeMaritime PolicyPolicy ofof PakistanPakistan 20022002

OfficialOfficial websitewebsite ofof NationalNational OceanographyOceanography CenterCenter(www(www..nocnoc..acac..uk)uk)