shading study notes - cheltenham · shading study background this shading study has been prepared...

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FLAC Instruction ref. CC38‐1036 OAKHURST RISE SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer in his consultation response on the Scheme 2 planning application, CBC ref. 18/02171/OUT. Plots not considered likely to be subject to material tree shading effects As part of our role as project arboriculturists for the revised scheme, we reviewed the emerging design to ensure that proposed tree/ design relationships were acceptable, including with regard to shading by trees of private amenity space. Arising from this, we are able immediately to scope out the following plots: 10‐28 Located centrally within the eastern parcel & remote from trees 29‐30 Remote from trees, or few smaller trees only 34‐35 Remote from trees 44‐69 Trees generally to the north, hence no plausible shading effect Plots potentially subject to material shading effects We consider that the following plots are potentially subject to shading effects: 1‐5 Individual gardens 6‐9 Notional area of exterior amenity space 31‐33 Individual gardens 36‐43 Individual gardens (sampled) We have assessed tree shading effects in relation to these plots using the proprietary software application ArborShadow, reporting our findings below. Notes on ArborShadow This software takes inputs from a tree survey (in this case, that found within our planning submission material) and uses these to model the crowns of whichever trees are considered to be of interest (in this case, those along the southern site boundary). Trees of interest are tested against user‐defined Points and Areas. The former can be attributed with an elevated height, to replicate, for example, a window. Areas are used to model shading effects within gardens (being the focus here). Tools within ArborShadow produce detailed analyses of shading effects, in percentage terms, over the foliated months of the year.

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Page 1: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

 

FLAC Instruction ref. CC38‐1036 

OAKHURST RISE 

 

SHADING STUDY 

 

 

 

Background 

This  shading  study  has  been  prepared  in  response  to  clarifications  requested  by  the  Cheltenham 

Borough Council Tree Officer in his consultation response on the Scheme 2 planning application, CBC 

ref. 18/02171/OUT. 

 

 

Plots not considered likely to be subject to material tree shading effects 

As  part  of  our  role  as  project  arboriculturists  for  the  revised  scheme, we  reviewed  the  emerging 

design to ensure that proposed tree/ design relationships were acceptable, including with regard to 

shading by trees of private amenity space. 

 

Arising from this, we are able immediately to scope out the following plots: 

 

10‐28  Located centrally within the eastern parcel & remote from trees 

29‐30  Remote from trees, or few smaller trees only 

34‐35  Remote from trees 

44‐69  Trees generally to the north, hence no plausible shading effect 

 

 

Plots potentially subject to material shading effects 

We consider that the following plots are potentially subject to shading effects: 

  1‐5  Individual gardens 

  6‐9  Notional area of exterior amenity space 

  31‐33  Individual gardens 

  36‐43  Individual gardens (sampled) 

 

We  have  assessed  tree  shading  effects  in  relation  to  these  plots  using  the  proprietary  software 

application ArborShadow, reporting our findings below. 

 

 

Notes on ArborShadow 

This software takes inputs from a tree survey (in this case, that found within our planning submission 

material) and uses these to model the crowns of whichever trees are considered to be of interest (in 

this case, those along the southern site boundary). 

 

Trees of interest are tested against user‐defined Points and Areas. The former can be attributed with 

an elevated height,  to  replicate,  for  example,  a window. Areas  are used  to model  shading effects 

within  gardens  (being  the  focus  here).  Tools  within  ArborShadow  produce  detailed  analyses  of 

shading effects, in percentage terms, over the foliated months of the year. 

 

Page 2: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

 

The  analyser  toolkit  within  ArborShadow  includes  graphical  outputs  showing,  for  Points,  binary 

percentage  interference  graphs  and,  for  Areas  (modelled  here),  colour‐graded  percentage 

interference graphs. These latter show four levels of shading: 

  Green    <25%    Minor shading 

  Yellow    25‐50%   Moderate shading 

  Blue    50‐75%   Significant shading 

  Red    >75%    Severe shading 

 

 

Notes on acceptability of shading 

In its publication Site Layout Planning for Daylight and Sunlight – A guide to good practice (Littlefair, 

BRE, 2nd edition, 2011), the Buildings Research Establishment provides the following advice: 

 

If  the whole  of  the garden  is  shaded by  trees  for  a  lengthy  period of  time  in  summer,  the 

garden is probably too shady (Paragraph H4.2) 

 

BS5837:2012 states at 5.3.4(a)(2), Shading of open spaces: 

 

Open  spaces  such  as  gardens  and  sitting  areas  should  be  designed  to  meet  the  normal 

requirement for direct sunlight for at least a part of the day 

 

These  two  authoritative  sources  of  guidance  are  in  agreement  that  unacceptable  shading  occurs 

where  there  is very  limited solar access within  the whole of  the garden  and where  this occurs  for 

most or all of the day. 

 

 

Findings 

Following this section we present a series of extracts from the scheme layout plan, overlaid with tree 

survey data (from FLAC planning submission material), and uploaded for analysis into ArborShadow. 

The plans show the Areas (gardens) which have been analysed. 

 

Following  the  plan  extracts  are  graphical  outputs  from  the  analysis  tool  (each  labelled  with 

applicable plot number) within the software application, in the format already described above. 

 

Our assessment of the ArborShadow results  is set out  in Table 1, below. Abbreviations used in the 

Table are: 

 

“SZA” stands for Solar Zenith Angle 

“GSA” stands for Good Solar Access 

 

It is apparent from the Table that none of the garden areas studied would receive shading beyond 

the acceptability thresholds set out in BRE’s Site Layout Planning… or in BS5837:2012. 

 

It follows that the concern over this issue expressed by the Tree Officer is shown to be misplaced. 

 

 

 

Page 3: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

Table 1 – Summary of ArborShadow results 

Garden ref 

ArborShadow shading result  FLAC Assessment 

1  Significant  to  severe  shading  late morning until  1700,  solar  access  adequate either side of this subject to modest to minor interruption 

Barely acceptable 

2  Fair to GSA until late morning, deteriorating thereafter especially at low SZA  Just acceptable 

3  Fair  to  GSA  until  early  afternoon,  deteriorating  thereafter  especially  at  low SZA 

Just acceptable 

4  Minor shading until mid‐afternoon, deteriorates thereafter  Acceptable 

5  Good  solar  access  for  most  of  the  day  except  at  low  SZA,  and  from  late afternoon/ early evening 

Acceptable 

6‐9  Severe  shading  throughout  the morning; GSA  across  the middle  of  the  day; deteriorates thereafter. Availability of adjacent POS assists in mitigating 

Just acceptable 

31  Severe shading early morning; moderate to minor shading thereafter though relevant trees comprise light‐porous species so adequate solar access pm 

Just acceptable 

32  Minor shading across middle of the day only, though more intense at low SZA  Acceptable 

33  Moderate shading at high SZA until late morning; fair to GSA thereafter  Acceptable 

36  Minimal shading only  Acceptable 

37  Minimal shading, and then only at low SZA and late in the day  Acceptable 

38  Minimal shading only  Acceptable 

41  GSA throughout the day until 1800  Acceptable 

43  GSA throughout the day until 1700  Acceptable 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 4: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

 

Figure 1 ‐ Site extract for plots 1‐5 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 5: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

ArborShadow analysis of tree shading effects, plots 1‐5 

 

 

Page 6: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

  

 

Page 7: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 8: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

 

Figure 2 ‐ Site extract for plots 6‐9 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 9: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

 

ArborShadow analysis of tree shading effects, plots 6‐9 (combined) 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 10: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

 

Figure 3 ‐ Site extract for plots 31‐33 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 11: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

ArborShadow analysis of tree shading effects, plots 31‐33 

 

 

Page 12: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 13: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

 

Figure 4 ‐ Site extract for plots 36‐43 (sampled) 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 14: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

ArborShadow analysis of tree shading effects, plots 36‐43 (sampled) 

 

 

Page 15: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer

 

 

 

  

Page 16: Shading Study notes - Cheltenham · SHADING STUDY Background This shading study has been prepared in response to clarifications requested by the Cheltenham Borough Council Tree Officer