s.g. cowen: new recruits obhr - e100 march 3, 2009
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S.G. Cowen: New Recruits
OBHR - E100
March 3, 2009
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–2
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–3
Recruitment Goals & Priorities
• Attract large numbers of candidates?• Attract highly qualified candidates?• Attract candidates who will accept offers?• Fill vacancies quickly?• Fill at minimal cost?• Hire high performers?• Hire people who stay?• Generate positive perceptions, feelings,
spillovers?
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–4
Recruitment Philosophy
• Internal or External Sources?• Fill current vacancies or hire for long
term potential?• How important is diversity?• Are applicants commodities or
customers?• What recruitment practices are
unethical?
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–5
Note on Hiring - Roberts
“Executives make up their minds about whether they like a candidate in the first 20 seconds and spend the next half-hour justifying their decision. It’s called the `halo effect.’ Once you have formed an opinion, you only see what you want to see”
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–6
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Are the personal characteristics for which they are searching a true reflection of the qualities needed to perform the job, rather than being merely a reaction to the kind of person you like as a friend or tennis partner?
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–7
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Objective:–Fit between individual and job’s
requirements
–Find persons whose skills, abilities and personal characteristics suit job
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–8
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Requires…• Fleshing out position requirements, accurately, completely
• Assessing applicants’ fit with requirements
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–9
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Two factors for analyzing requirements and fit
• Background – education, experience
• Personal factors – intellectual, personality, motivation
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–10
Note on Hiring - Roberts
BACKGROUND• Education
• Experience
= WHAT a recruit does/has done
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–11
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Experience • Industry
– “Specific knowledge” required
• Functional– Focus on skills, not title
• Company– Culture matters
• Level– Scope, decision making, responsibility
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–12
Note on Hiring - Roberts
PERSONAL FACTORS• Intellectual ability• Personality• Motivation
= HOW a recruit does/has done his/her work
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–13
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Intellectual Ability• Analytical ability – problem
definition, resolution
• Creative ability – new ideas, solutions
• Decision-making style
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–14
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Personality• Behavior is linked to personality• 4 Basic Traits
– Dominance – exertion of power over people, events
– Extroversion – social interactions– Patience – pace of activity– Formality – attention to rules, structure
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“Big Five” Personality Dimensions (Fisher, et. al.)
1. Extraversion --- introversion2. Friendliness, agreeableness ---
hostility, non-compliance3. Neuroticism --- emotional stability4. High conscientiousness ---
low conscientiousness 5. High openness to experience --- low
openness to experience
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–16
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Also think about:• Types, set of tasks performed• Traits that will translate into good
performance• Personalities and management styles of
peers, superiors, subordinates
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–17
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Motivation• How much effort will he/she apply?
• Goals
• Interests
• Energy
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–18
Note on Hiring - Roberts
The Interview• All appear successful!
• Digging behind to get facts
• Forming opinion of success patterns
• Must have an agenda
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–19
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Agenda• Verify and expand on information
• Have agenda: don’t let resume be it
• = only opportunity to probe personal factors
• Probe responsibilities
• Look for translation to success
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–20
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Interview Strategy• Topic opener: “Tell me about…Describe..”• Self-appraisal
– Follow up to opener– Specific behavior, thinking– Particular qualities leading to success– Test link between self-assessment and behavior
• Situation-based questions
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–21
Note on Hiring - Roberts
Situation-based Questions• Problem – how dealt with• Continuum – self-assessment (patient v.
demanding)• Comparison – ask for views on different
situations related to job• Future assessment – projecting
performance
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–22
Effective Structured Interview Formats
• Situational Interview– What would you do if two of your
subordinates were having a conflict?
• Behavior Description Interview– Tell me about a time two of your
subordinates were having a conflict.• What did you do?• How well did it work?• What else did you try?
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Figure 8.7 Cone Method of Semistructured Interviewing
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–24
Assessing Job Candidates: Tools for Selection
• The Selection Process• Application Blanks and Biodata• Tests• Interviews• Physical Testing• Reference and Background Checks• Selecting Managers• Criteria for Choosing Selection Devices
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–25
The Interview
• Interrater reliability of interviews may be low• Validity of interviews depends on structure
– Unstructured interviews are least valid– Semi-structured interviews have some pre-planning and
some tailoring to the candidate– Structured interviews (same questions asked of each
candidate) based on a job analysis are most valid
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–26
Interviewer Errors and Biases
– Similarity Error– Contrast Error– Overweighting of Negative Information– Race, Sex, and Appearance Bias– First Impression Error– Halo Error– Nonverbal Factors– Faulty Listening and Memory
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–27
Improving the Interview
• Base questions on a thorough job analysis• Use a more structured format• Use situational and/or behavior description questions• Have interview conducted by a trained panel of
interviewers• Assess only qualities that are visible in interviews
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–28
Selecting Managers
• Assessment Centers– Multiple assessees– Multiple assessors– Multiple exercises: In-basket test,
leaderless group discussion, interview, tests
• Valid but expensive
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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6–29
Benefits of Careful and Strategic Selection
• Tradeoff with training/socialization– Hire more carefully, less training may be needed– Hire less carefully, train more afterwards
• Improved performance• Effective strategy implementation
– Hire the kind of people needed to implement strategy
• Sustainable competitive advantage– Match strategy to the unique human resources
you have