SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

STI’sSometimes the effects of having

sex can last longer than we want.

You should know:

In China and around the world, STI’s are on the rise You may have an STI and not even know! (Carrier) Honesty is important but is not required, so trust is Some are curable, some are not Sex should by avoided until symptoms are gone Women are more likely to get an STI! Spread through the breaking down of membranes You cannot catch from a towel, doorknob, or toilet

seat. When left untreated, leads to more serious infections Most increase the risk of contracting AIDS

Chlamydia or “The Clap” 衣原体

The most common bacterial infection Spread through oral, anal, vaginal or mother Symptoms occur 2-6 weeks after infection Most girls don't have any symptoms 75% Symptoms for girls include:

painful urination, pain during intercourse (bleeding),

eye/rectal infection, vaginal discharge, lower ab pain Often associated with other infections More likely to get HIV and Aids Treatment: Chlamydia can be treated and cured

easily with antibiotics. If untreated:: infertility, spread to other sex organs

Gonorrhea 淋病

Spreads the same as Chlamydia Symptoms occur 2-4 weeks after infection Often is a co-infection with Chlamydia Symptoms are similar to Chlamydia Gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory

disease (PID), There are a lot of resistant strains, which makes

treatment more difficult. In both guys and girls, untreated gonorrhea can

affect other organs and parts of the body including the throat, eyes, heart, brain, skin, and joints

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 盆腔炎 Is an infection of the fallopian tubes, uterus,

cervix, or ovaries Most girls develop PID as a result of sexually

transmitted diseases (STDs), such as chlamydia or gonorrhea

Symptoms similar to Chlamydia, but includes:

foul-smelling or abnormally colored discharge, fever,

nausea, loss of appetite, spotting, back ache Untreated PID may lead to long-term reproductive

problems, including: Scarring in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus

Curable: Doctor will prescribe antibiotics to take for a couple of weeks

Syphilis 梅毒 Occurs in Stages...if untreated 1st and 2nd stage: Highly Infectious Syphilis is transmitted through contact with a

syphilis sore Mirrors symptoms of common medical problems The first symptom is a painless sore (Pimple) The second stage is a body rash Also fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, loss

of hair, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and tiredness.

If remains in the body, then it may begin to damage the internal organs

Like all bacterial infections, syphilis curable

Genital Warts (HPV) 生殖器疣

Over 100 types, 40 occur on genitals 75% of adults have had one infection Many people are carriers Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after infection High risk types cause Cervical CANCER Intercourse or genital rubbing (outercourse) Vaccinations are now available Warts on the vulva, cervix, in or around the

vagina, penis, anus, scrotum, groin, or thigh. There is no cure for HPV, but can be treated

easily with cryotherapy (dry ice treatment)

Genital Herpes (HSV – 2) 疱疹 Herpes is caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (cold sores)

and type 2 (genital) Symptoms occur 2-30 days after infection Most individuals have no or only minimal signs or symptoms from

HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection When signs do occur, they typically appear as one or more blisters Symptoms: fever, muscle pain, tender lymph nodes Avoid sexually activity when show symptoms Transmitted from the sores that the viruses cause, but they also are

released between episodes from skin that does not appear to be broken or to have a sore

A person can get HSV-1 by coming into contact with the saliva of an infected person, and can be spread to the genitals through oral sex

Outbreaks caused by: menstruation, stress, food, illness, intercourse, exposure to sun, medication

No cure, but antiviral medications can shorten and prevent outbreaks Hygiene is important

Hepatitis B (HBV) 肝炎

It is transmitted through sexual intercourse and through needles, and other bodily fluids

Show symptoms 8 weeks after infection 50% never show symptoms Symptoms similar to those caused the flu and has

pain underneath the right ribcage where the liver Can also cause jaundice, which is a yellowing of the

skin and the whites of the eyes, and may cause the urine to appear brownish

Leads to liver damage and an increased risk of liver cancer

Immunization (vaccine) against hepatitis B

HIV and Aids 艾滋病毒

Destroys cells critical to immune system Over time weakens body until Acquired

Immunodeficiency Syndrome (fatal) develops Transmitted by infected blood, semen, vaginal

secretion or breast milk enters blood stream Symptoms don’t show for years If at high risk, get a blood test Combinations of antiviral drugs and drugs boost

immune system allow people with HIV to resist infections, stay healthy, and prolong lives

There is no cure Up to 20 million in China have HIV, many do not know

Parasites and Fungus 寄生虫和菌

Pubic Lice (Crabs): Tiny crabs that grow in hair and feed on blood

Scabies: Mites that burrow under the skin Both can be transmitted through physical contact

or fabric Both can be cured by placing all fabric in a closed

bag for 3 days and shaving the infected area Trichromoniasis: A single celled organism Symptoms include irritation and yellow/green

foamy discharge

Yeast Infection (Candidiasis) 酵母感染

75% of women have at least one Is a fungus that grows in warm, moist areas itching and irritation in the vagina redness, swelling, or itching of the vulva (the folds

of skin outside the vagina) a thick, white discharge that can look like cottage

cheese pain or burning when urinating or during sex Can be transferred to the man, but rare Reasons for overgrowth: high sugar levels, tight

non-breathable underwear, scented tissue/soap, PMS

Treatable with prescription from Doctor

Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染 Bacteria that infect only the urethra (the short tube that delivers

urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) is urethritis Girls have shorter urethras, the opening lies closer to the rectum

and vagina During sexual intercourse, the bacteria in the vaginal area may

be pushed into the urethra not contagious, so you can't catch a urinary tract infection from

someone else use of (including condoms treated with spermicide) and as

contraceptives may increase risk Symptoms: frequent urination, burning or pain during

urination,the feeling of having to pee even though little or no urine actually comes out, pain above the pubic bone (in women) bloody or foul-smelling urine

The symptoms won't go away if you ignore them — they'll only become worse

And…

Anyone can become infected, it only takes one mistake