sexually transmitted disease introduction and history
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![Page 1: Sexually Transmitted Disease Introduction and History](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d4a5503460f94a2684d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Introduction and History
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• “Venereal Disease”
• Sexually transmitted disease
• Sexually transmitted infection
more accurate, since not all infections cause overt disease
but we usually can’t identify all infections
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Origins
• Not only humans, of course
• Occur in all animals that reproduce sexually
• Magnitude varies with frequency of mating and number of different partners
• Causative organisms are all parasites
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Parasites
A successful parasite doesn’t kill its host or make it awfully sick, at least not before it has been passed on to another host.
STD’s are really good at this!
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Types of Parasites
EctoparasitesLice, mites (scabies)
Metazoa (e.g. worms, flukes)
not usually sexually transmitted
Fungi
Protozoa
Bacteria Mycoplasma
Chlamydia Viruses
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Bacteria
Binary Fission
Conjugation- not really sexual reproduction, but is defined as temporary fusion of two organisms, allowing the exchange of genetic material.
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How far back in human history can we trace STD?
Archaeology
bones – typical lesions
Art- depictions of lesions-sometimes very recognizable
Written documents
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Syphilis- Albrecht Durer-1496
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How far back in human history can we trace STD?
Archaeology
bones – typical lesions
Art- depictions of lesions-sometimes very recognizable
Written documents
![Page 11: Sexually Transmitted Disease Introduction and History](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d4a5503460f94a2684d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How far back in human history can we trace STD?
Archaeology
bones – typical lesions
Art- depictions of lesions-sometimes very recognizable
Written documents
![Page 12: Sexually Transmitted Disease Introduction and History](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d4a5503460f94a2684d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biblical
Probable gonorrhea in the Old Testament
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Origins of syphilis
Possibly introduced into Europe in 15th centuryRecords show big epidemic swept western Europe thenSkin ulcers and eruptions depicted as ugly spots
One explanation that makes a lot of sense- Columbus’ crew brought it back from America- the virulence of the epidemic made it look like a newly introduced disease. Other treponemal diseases – pinta, yaws, endemic syphilis not sexually transmitted.
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Great Pox
But there is evidence that syphilis existed in the old world before Col.umbus. This is an old woodcut depicting the sufferings of Job. It shows skin lesions , refered to as the Great Pox, which look remarkably like syphilitic lesions.
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Distinction between syphilis and gonorrhea
From 16th to beginning of 19th century mostly assumed to be one disease- only a few “dualists” thought they were two separate diseases.
Middle of 18th century John Hunter, British surgeon and pathologist, inoculated himself with urethral pus from gonorrhea patient – and developed a syphilitic chancre.
Virchow, at turn of the century documented 2 etiologic agents
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John Hunter
![Page 17: Sexually Transmitted Disease Introduction and History](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649d4a5503460f94a2684d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Distinction between syphilis and gonorrhea
From 16th to beginning of 19th century mostly assumed to be one disease- only a few “dualists” thought they were two separate diseases.
Middle of 18th century John Hunter, British surgeon and pathologist, inoculated himself with urethral pus from gonorrhea patient – and developed a syphilitic chancre.
Virchow, at turn of the century documented 2 etiologic agents