severe anterograde amnesia temporally graded retrograde amnesia long-term memory
TRANSCRIPT
• severe anterograde amnesia• temporally graded retrograde amnesia
Long-term Memory
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Long-term Memory
• there are multiple memory systems in the brain.• explicit (declarative) and implicit (non-declarative) memory can be doubly dissociated• can anyone see a problem with using human subjects?
Long-term Memory
• What’s the one thing that all of the studies we’ve spoken about have in common?
Lesions!
Long-term Memory
• What about normal memory?
• That is, memory in the “normal” brain
Long-term Memory
The theory is that the MTL is temporally involved in declarative memory in normal humans…
Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory
• functional imaging data from “normal” subjects confirms lesion studies
• be skeptical!
Long-term Memory
• What would it be like to possess the ability to remember everything?
Long-term Memory
• Case study of S. (Solomon Shereshevskii)
• Russian journalist
• never took any notes, recalled everything verbatim
• thought this was “normal”
Long-term Memory
• Alexander Luria - Soviet neuropsychologist
Long-term Memory
• Shereshevskii suffered from synaesthesia• stimulation of one sense leads to automatic stimulation of another • hearing a sound produces a visual experience
“I can see the music…”
Long-term Memory
• random number table
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Long-term Memory
1 this is a proud, well-built man 2 is a high-spirited woman 3 is a gloomy person6 is a man with a swollen foot7 is a man with a moustache 8 is a very stout woman - a sack within a sack.
“As for the number 87, what I see is a fat woman and a man twirling his moustache”
Long-term Memory
• memory consists of associative networks• perhaps mnemonists can create better networks
To Kill A Mockingbird
Long-term Memory
• memory consists of associative networks• perhaps mnemonists can create better networks
To Kill A Mockingbird
highschoolMr. Lacey
English
Long-term Memory
• memory consists of associative networks• perhaps mnemonists can create better networks
birdcanary
chicken
mockingbird
To Kill A Mockingbird
racism
highschool
Martin Luther King
skiing
Mr. Lacey
English
• What do you think the brain of someone that has this “super memory” would look like?
Long-term Memory
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• What if I told you it looked like this?
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Long-term Memory
Kim Peek
Long-term Memory• macroencephaly• no corpus callosum• no anterior/posterior commisure
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• degenerated cerebellum
• Autism• Motor disturbances• Overall I.Q. of 87
• despite this, he displays some amazing abilities…
Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory
• 98% retention rate for reading material• reads on average 8 books a day (has approximately 9000 memorized!)• one page every 8-10 seconds• also has incredible memory for music, often remembering compositions only experienced once
Long-term MemoryWhat could support this ability?
“Does brain damage stimulate compensatorydevelopment in some other area of the brain, or does it
simply allow otherwise latent abilities to emerge?”
Long-term Memory