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Page 1: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

Seven Steps to a More Sustainable LandscapeWilliam J. Orr

Page 2: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

Sustainable Landscaping

•A Healthy and Vibrant Alternative to More Traditional Designs.

•Can Cost Less to Implement and Require Less Labor to Maintain.

•Can Help Reduce Water Consumption, Yard Waste and Fertilization Needs.

Page 3: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

Sustainable Landscaping

•Traditional Landscapes Rely on Heavy Usage of Chemical Based Products.

•Sustainable Sites Strive to Maintain a Balance with the Landscape’s Natural Conditions.

•Helps Nurture Healthy Soils and Balanced Ecosystems.

Page 4: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

#1 ‐The Site

Page 5: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Site

•Observe the Site and Note Unique Aspects.

•Are Current Plants Healthy or Struggling?

•Micro‐Climates (Areas of Warmer or Colder Temperature).

•Mature Trees, Poor Drainage, Wind Breaks or Low Lying Ground can All Effect Plant Choices.    

Page 6: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

#2 ‐The Soil

Page 7: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Soil

•A Successful Landscape Starts with the Soil.

•A Soil Test will Help Determine Nutrient Deficiencies.

•A Soil Test Contains Information on: pH Levels, Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium.

Page 8: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Soil 

•Organic Amendments and Nutrients are Good Choices in a Sustainable Landscape.

•Natural Amendments are Productive at Building Healthy Soils.

•Composted Materials and Lime can Boost Soil Fertility, Increase Drainage and Reduce Moisture Loss. 

Page 9: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Soil

•Correcting Soil pH and Nutrient Deficiencies Increases Nutrient Availability.

•Altering Conditions can be Costly and Labor Intensive.

•Address Run‐Off or Erosion.

•Sediment and Fertilizer Run‐Off Cause Water Contamination and Wastes Resources.

Page 10: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

#3 ‐The Plants

Page 11: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Plants

•Choose Plant Materials that Can Thrive.

•Avoid Plantings that Require More Maintenance, Water or Fertilizer.

•Drought Tolerant and Low‐Maintenance Species.

•Knowing a Plant’s Needs is Essential to Success. 

Page 12: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Plants

•Unsuitable Conditions Increase Susceptibility to Disease and Pests.

•The Correct Hardiness Zone Can Help Ensure Planting Success.

•Find Plant Hardiness Zones –(Average Seasonal Temperatures and Frost Dates) by U.S. Region at: www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone

Page 13: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Plants

•Avoid Invasive or Exotic Species (Pear, Mimosa, Ivy, etc.). 

•“Invasive Exotics” (Non‐Native Species that Aggressively Invade Their Surroundings).

•A List of Invasive Plants can be Found at: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426‐080/426‐080.html. 

Page 14: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Plants

•Native Plants Usually Require Less Water, Fertilizer and Maintenance.

•Native Species Offer Greater Resistance to Insects and Diseases.

•Native Plants Recommended for Virginia can be Found at: http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural heritage/ nativeplants.shtml. 

Page 15: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

#4 –The Water

Page 16: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Water

•Proper Water Management is Essential for a Healthy Landscape.

•Summer Drought and Water Restrictions can Limit Water Availability.

•Water Should be Carefully Monitored and Utilized.   

Page 17: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Water

•Mulches and Composts Enhance Soil Moisture, Improve Soil Structure and Increase Water Availability.

•Mulches Help Control Weeds that Compete for Valuable Water Resources.

•Drought‐Resistant and Native Species Require Less Water and can Thrive in Less than Ideal Situations. 

Page 18: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Water

•Group Plants with Similar Water Needs to Avoid Over or Under Watering.

•Reduce Turf in the landscape to Reduce Water Usage.

•Less Turf can Reduce Environmental Impacts, Costs and Labor.  

Page 19: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Water

•Careful Use of Irrigation Systems can Reduce Water Usage and Help Prevent Nutrient and Pesticide Run‐Off.

•Irrigation Systems Should Function Properly.

•Follow Basic Watering Principles.

•A List of Watering Tips can be Found at: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426‐613/426‐613.htm#L7. 

Page 20: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Water

•Rainwater Harvesting can Reduce Water Usage.

•Install a Rain‐Barrel.

•Rainwater Harvesting can Provide Essential Water During Drought.

Page 21: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

#5 –The Sun

Page 22: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Sun 

•Be Familiar with Sunlight Patterns to Insure all Plantings Receive Appropriate Light.

•Southern Exposures Receive the Most Intense Sunlight –Northern Exposures Receive the Least.

•Eastern Exposures Receive more Morning Light –Western Exposures Receive more Afternoon Light. 

Page 23: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Sun

•Full‐Sun Plants need Approximately Six (6) Hours of Sun Per Day.

•Eastern Exposures Often Receive more than Six Hours of Sunlight and may be Prone to Water‐stress.

•Mature Shade Trees may Cause Excessive Shading.

•Large Trees can Cause Water‐stress.  

Page 24: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Sun

•Knowledge of Sun Light Patterns is Essential for Good Energy Saving Designs.

•Shade Trees Planted on the South Side of a Site can Reduce Temperatures in the Landscape.

•Large Trees can Cool Structures and Reduce Energy Consumption.

Page 25: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

#6 –The Habitat

Page 26: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Habitat

•Diversification Helps Maintain a Healthy Balance in the Landscape.

•Beneficial Organisms are Attracted to Healthy  and Diverse Landscapes and can be Effective at Controlling Pests.

•Pests may Target Species or Families of Plants  Avoiding Monocultures may Reduce Large‐scale Infestation.

Page 27: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Habitat

•Native Plants Generally have Greater Resistance to Pests and Diseases.

•Native Species are Usually Better Adapted to Weather Conditions than Exotic Species.

•Plants that Promote Bee Colonization (Magnolia, Privet and Glossy Abelia) may Help Increase Pollination. 

Page 28: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

#7 –The Footprint

Page 29: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Footprint

•A Sustainable Landscape:

•Uses Optimal Cultural Practices (Light Requirements, Water Needs, Zone Placement, etc.).

•Follows Good Nutrient Management Strategies (Soil Testing , Organic Amendments, Reducing Run‐Off, etc.).

•And can Lead to Long‐term Sustainability, Reduce Water Usage and Save Money.    

Page 30: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Footprint

•Sustainable Landscapes use:

•Alternative Products (Organic Fertilizers, Native Plants, Recycled Mulches, etc.).

•Alternative Practices (Grasscycling, Composting, Water Harvesting, etc.).

•And Can Reduce the Environmental Impact of the Landscape.

Page 31: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Footprint

•Traditional American Landscapes: 

•Send Tons of Waste to Landfills (Second Only to Paper in Municipal Waste).

•Contribute to Poor Air Quality (From Gas Emissions).

•Contaminate Vital Water Sources (Through Fertilizer and Pesticide Run‐off).

Page 32: Seven Steps Powerpoint2 - Virginia Tech · Microsoft PowerPoint - Seven Steps Powerpoint2 Author: Laurie Created Date: 1/6/2015 10:35:24 AM

The Footprint

•A Landscape Can be Made More Sustainable by:

•Choosing the Right Plantings (Native Plants, Drought‐Tolerant Plants, Low‐Maintenance Plants).

•Reducing the Resources Used (Water, Fertilizer, Pesticide).

•And by Reusing What is Available (Rain Harvesting, Composting, Organic Mulching).