settlement patterns. is canada’s population evenly distributed across the country?
TRANSCRIPT
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Settlement Patterns
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Is Canada’s population evenly distributed across the
country?
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How would you describe the distribution?
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How would you describe the distribution?
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Why is our population distributed the way it is?
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Settlement Patterns: (p. 201) the arrangement of where
people live in a country and the factors that influence the
arrangement
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Dispersed- found in areas that have a strong agricultural
base; spread out on farms
Concentrated- found where resources are focused in small
areas; towns
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Linear - (a type of concentrated pattern) found along lines
(e.g. highway, river)
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Note: Population Density is different. It is
PopulationArea
or the number of people per km²
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More than 90% of our population is within 600 km of
the American border
This represents less than 10% of our land area, but most of
our major cities and productive farmland
(see map p.203)
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There are 2 main categories in Canada: Rural and Urban
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RURAL: most rural Canadians are located within
one of these (historical) patterns:
Long lots of Quebec Concession system of
Ontario Section system of the
Prairies
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3 Factors affect the pattern in any area:
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1. What kind of resources are in the area? (i.e.. agriculture or
forestry or fishing)
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2. What transportation methods were available at the time of
settlement? (i.e.. water transport usually preceded
roads. Was that the case in the Ottawa region? Canada
generally?)
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3. What role did government policy play in the settlement? (i.e.. planning, size and shape
of lots. A set of rules is called a survey system and different systems were used in different
parts of Canada.)
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Rural 1: Long lots of Quebec (refer page 205)
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Settled before railways and good roads and surveys
Most important influence was the agricultural resources and river transport
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Long thin farms were built along the St. Lawrence River; each farm had access to
the river for transportation
Known as long lots; when river lots were taken, a second (& 3rd and 4th) were settled were settled on a road
parallel to the river (see picture in text p. 205)
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Rural 2: Concession System of Southern Ontario
(refer page 206)
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Agricultural resources
Settled after a survey system was in place
Roads and later railways, were available, so access to rivers and lakes
was less important
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A variety of concession systems were used. Roads were typically 1 mile
(sometimes 2 km) and farms were 40-80 hectares in size
Groupings of concession blocks were called townships and groups of townships
were called counties
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Rural 3: Section System of the Southern Prairies
(refer page 207)
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Surveyed before major settlement occurred using the “Section System”
Simple System. Land was divided into blocks 9.6km2 by 9.6km2 (94 km2 in area)
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Each block is divided into 36 sections, each of which is divided into 4 lots called
quarter-sections (64 ha in size)
Due to low rainfall levels, farms needed to be made bigger in order to
survive. This gave rise to “farm consolidation”
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URBAN: most Canadians (82%) lived in a rural setting in 1867.
Today approximately 80% of the population lives in cities and
towns.
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An urban center can grow for a number of different reasons
such as: Manufacturing
A Transportation Hub A Resource Base A Service Center
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Many cities’ existence can depend on one urban function. An urban center that grows for a few different reasons is called a
“diversified urban center”
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