Set up a new TOC for the 2nd

6 weeks

Our new unit: The Post-Classical Era

(approximately) 500-1500

• Areas of Focus: Medieval Europe, the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire, Tang & Song China

• Vocab Quiz: 10/12 and 10/15

• Unit Test: 10/16 and 10/17

The Split of the Roman Empire

LG 1: Explain how Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy were unifying social and political forces

in Western Europe and Byzantine Europe and identify the impact of ideas contained in

Justinian’s Code of Laws.

476: The Split of the Roman Empire- things change… drastically

WESTERN EUROPE

BYZANTINE

EMPIRE

Western Europe: Life after the fall of Rome

• Western Rome fell to barbarian invaders in 476 A.D.

• Start of the Middle Ages (500-1500)

• No central government; various kingdoms across Europe

• Kingdoms often at war

• Constant threat of invasion

• Trade declined due to disruptions & insecurity

• Cities abandoned due to danger; people fled to rural areas

• Decline in learning

• Loss of common language

• Lack of loyalty to government; focus on family ties

• Return to small communities

A Germanic Kingdom: The Franks

• The Franks emerged as the largest Germanic kingdom

• Led by Clovis, who converted to Catholicism

• Clovis:

• United Frankish people into one kingdom

• allied with the Church

• spread Christianity

• Expanded the empire

• Power of the pope increased

• Set up monasteries where Christian monks could study religion

• Video clip

Baptism of Clovis

The Role of the Church• The Catholic Church survived the fall of Rome

• The church was the only thing remaining that provided order and security to the people in the west

• Christianity served as a cultural unifier

• Shared beliefs, ideas, goals = a community

• Thomas Aquinas: scholasticism- balance faith & reason

• Gothic architecture & grand cathedrals

• Flying buttresses, stained glass

The Crusades• In 1093, neighboring Muslim Turks appeared ready to

conquer Constantinople (Byzantine Empire)

• Pope Urban II issued a call for a holy war (Crusade) to gain control of the Holy Land of Palestine

• Over hundreds of years, this land changed hands between Muslims & Christians

• Multiple Crusades were launched throughout the next 300

• Knights, younger sons went to fight

• Pope promised a place in heaven for those who died fighting

• Economic benefits

• Heavy outpouring of religious support

The Frankish Empire expands

• Charles Martel

• Nobleman who united more Frankish kingdoms

• Charles Martel & the Catholic Franks defeated the Moors (Muslims) at the Battle of Tours

• Unexpected victory

• This prevented the Moors from invading Europe, preventing the growth of the Islamic Empire to Western Europe

Charlemagne• After Charles Martel’s death, his son Pepin took over –appointed King by the pope, then his grandson Charlemagne took power

• Charlemagne: the Holy Roman Emperor

• Most important leader of the Franks

–Ruled 768-814 A.D.

–Time of education, religion, and power

–Unified Christian land in Europe into one single empire: The Holy Roman Empire

–signified that Western Europe was now totally separate from the Byzantine

After Charlemagne…• The Holy Roman Empire collapsed due to new threats

of invasion (Slavs, Magyars, Muslims, Vikings)

• led to the system of feudalism, a system of military service in exchange for land

• We’ll learn about feudalism tomorrow!

The Byzantine

Empire

LG 1: Explain how Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy were unifying social and political forces

in Western Europe and Byzantine Europe and identify the impact of ideas contained in

Justinian’s Code of Laws.

Byzantine Empire500 to 1453 C.E.

• After the fall of Rome, the eastern continued for another 1,000 years

• Eastern half= Byzantine Empire

• Much more stable than the west, which collapsed

• Emperor Constantine moved the capital city to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople

• Constantinople: cosmopolitan city with LOTS of trade; surrounded by water on 3 sides

• Song link

• 1 million+ citizens!

Characteristics• Empire organized through a bureaucracy

• Officials were trained in Hellenistic classics (remember Greek influence)

• Regulated trade, taxes, and prices of goods

• Western Empire – spoke Latin

• Byzantine Empire – spoke Greek

Justinian, 518-565 C.E.

• One of the greatest Byzantine Emperors Wife –Theodora

• Rebuilt the empire after a revolt

• Built the Hagia Sophia –grand church

• Later a mosque

• Reconquered parts of North Africa, Italy, and Spain

• Created a systematic body of laws – Justinian’s Code

• Became the basis for many law codes in the western world today

Split of the Catholic Church

•Western Europe –

• Continued to practice Catholicism

• Byzantine Empire –

• Began Eastern Orthodox Church

Justinian’s Code vs. California Laws

Page _: Draw a full-page T Chart

• Label one side Roman Catholicism

• Label the other side Eastern Orthodoxy

Roman Catholicism

• Priests are celibate

• Church & gov. work together

• Used Latin

• Led by Pope

• Cardinals & bishops

• Western Europe

• Crown & dethrone emperors

• Church: only way to heaven

Eastern Orthodoxy• Missionaries travel (Russia/Balkans)

• Cyrillic language

• Justinian’s Code

• No pope

• Patriarch appointed by emperor

• Patriarch highest official

• Byzantine Empire

• Eastern Europe

• Churches with domes

• Monasteries

• Mosaics & colorful religious paintings

Exit Ticket1. What happened at the Battle of Tours?

2. Which religion was associated with the Byzantine Empire?

3. True or False: The Catholic church served as a cultural unifier in Western Europe