Introduction to the Introduction to the Fashion IndustryFashion Industry

IntroductionIntroduction The textile industry touches the lives of all people in one or The textile industry touches the lives of all people in one or

the other ways.the other ways. Apparel,Apparel, Home TextileHome Textile Technical textilesTechnical textiles Industrial textilesIndustrial textiles Medical textilesMedical textiles Safety textilesSafety textiles Smart or Intelligent textilesSmart or Intelligent textilesThere are variations for all - Consumers, Traders, Manufacturers, There are variations for all - Consumers, Traders, Manufacturers,

Technologists, Engineers and others. Technologists, Engineers and others.

History of Textile IndustryHistory of Textile Industry

Textile industry has come a long way to be an organized industry from being a mere Textile industry has come a long way to be an organized industry from being a mere domestic domestic industry. industry.

Starting with the Starting with the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution, it has gained a state of supremacy with time. , it has gained a state of supremacy with time. High production of High production of woolwool, , cottoncotton and and silksilk all over the world has given a boost to the textile all over the world has given a boost to the textile

industry in past years. industry in past years. Though the industry originated in UK, the art of textile production passed to Europe and Though the industry originated in UK, the art of textile production passed to Europe and

North America after mechanization of textile manufacturing process in those areasNorth America after mechanization of textile manufacturing process in those areas .. Asian countries also industrialized their economies and took steps for the growth of this Asian countries also industrialized their economies and took steps for the growth of this

sector. sector. Japan, India, Hong Kong and China have become leading producers of textile because of Japan, India, Hong Kong and China have become leading producers of textile because of

the availability of cheap labour which is a very important factor for this industry. the availability of cheap labour which is a very important factor for this industry.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has taken important steps for development of this The World Trade Organization (WTO) has taken important steps for development of this sector. In 1995, WTO had adopted Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), which sector. In 1995, WTO had adopted Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), which provided for removal of quotas on textile and clothing among WTO member countries. This provided for removal of quotas on textile and clothing among WTO member countries. This agreement was enforced on 1-1-2005 and all the quotas were abolished. Although high agreement was enforced on 1-1-2005 and all the quotas were abolished. Although high tariffs and quantitative restrictions are imposed by the economically developed countries, tariffs and quantitative restrictions are imposed by the economically developed countries, the developing countries are increasingly exporting textiles to developed and other the developing countries are increasingly exporting textiles to developed and other countries. countries.

Global OverviewGlobal OverviewGlobal Textile Scenario - The Present Global Textile Scenario - The Present

StatisticsStatistics According to statistics, the global textile According to statistics, the global textile

market is worth of more than market is worth of more than $500 billions $500 billions at presentat present. .

In a more liberalized environment, the In a more liberalized environment, the industry is industry is facing competition as well as facing competition as well as opportunitiesopportunities. .

It is predicted that Global textile It is predicted that Global textile production will grow up to production will grow up to 50 % by 2014.50 % by 2014.

The world textile and apparel industry has The world textile and apparel industry has gone into a phase of transformation since gone into a phase of transformation since the elimination of the elimination of quota in the year 2005quota in the year 2005..

Many Many new competitors as well as new competitors as well as consumersconsumers have entered the global market have entered the global market with their immense capabilities and the with their immense capabilities and the desire to grow.desire to grow.

It is expected that It is expected that ChinaChina will represent around will represent around 45% of global trade by 2010.45% of global trade by 2010. In In spite of its significant growth trend, China's spite of its significant growth trend, China's rising costs and perceived risksrising costs and perceived risks are are creating more opportunities for other low cost countries. creating more opportunities for other low cost countries.

It is also expected that It is also expected that IndiaIndia will represent around will represent around 20% of global trade by 201020% of global trade by 2010 . . India is rapidly expanding its role with new capacity build-up in management India is rapidly expanding its role with new capacity build-up in management control of textile trades through control of textile trades through vertical integrationvertical integration. Vertically integrated . Vertically integrated companies are organized in a hierarchy and share a common owner. Usually each companies are organized in a hierarchy and share a common owner. Usually each member of the hierarchy produces a different product or service. The products are member of the hierarchy produces a different product or service. The products are combined to achieve a common goal. The advantage of Vertical integration is that combined to achieve a common goal. The advantage of Vertical integration is that it avoids the hold-up problem. it avoids the hold-up problem.

Pakistan, Vietnam, Cambodia and BangladeshPakistan, Vietnam, Cambodia and Bangladesh are relying on their low are relying on their low manufacturing costs due to manufacturing costs due to cheap labour available therecheap labour available there. .

TurkeyTurkey,,closely connected to Italy, is fast emerging as a critical regional player. It closely connected to Italy, is fast emerging as a critical regional player. It is creating a number of is creating a number of new regional brand playersnew regional brand players by providing them by providing them ' Turquality' Turquality ' ' accreditation. The purpose of this accreditation is to strengthen the quality image accreditation. The purpose of this accreditation is to strengthen the quality image and enhance the recognition and awareness of Turkish brands. and enhance the recognition and awareness of Turkish brands.

EgyptEgypt is presently working with is presently working with new emphasis in textile sectornew emphasis in textile sector. . Eastern European countriesEastern European countries, have suffered a , have suffered a slight set back dueslight set back due to their growing to their growing

costs. As a result they are costs. As a result they are rapidly refocusing and repositioning on higher market rapidly refocusing and repositioning on higher market segments. segments.

South and Central AmericaSouth and Central America maintain a relevant focus on textile maintain a relevant focus on textile ItalyItaly still leads in the luxury segments. still leads in the luxury segments. In the In the western countrieswestern countries, , importsimports have almost reached have almost reached 85-90% of total 85-90% of total

consumption consumption

Trends and Innovations in Fabric Trends and Innovations in Fabric ManufacturingManufacturing

Fabric manufactureFabric manufacture is the is the most important part of Textile most important part of Textile industry. The manufacture of industry. The manufacture of textile can be divided into textile can be divided into three segments: three segments:

Apparel, Apparel, Home textile and Home textile and Industrial/ Technical TextileIndustrial/ Technical Textile. . The ratio of Global textile The ratio of Global textile

production of these segments production of these segments has been shown in the chart:has been shown in the chart:

AAnn IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

                                                                

TT

hhee tteexxttiillee iinndduussttrryy ttoouucchheess tthhee lliivveess ooff aallll ppeeooppllee iinn oonnee oorr tthhee ootthheerr wwaayyss.. AAppppaarreell,, HHoommee tteexxttiilleess,, TTeecchhnniiccaall tteexxttiilleess,, IInndduussttrriiaall tteexxttiilleess,, MMeeddiiccaall tteexxttiilleess,, SSaaffeettyy tteexxttiilleess,, SSmmaarrtt oorr IInntteelllliiggeenntt tteexxttiilleess,, tthheerree aarree vvaarriiaattiioonnss ffoorr aallll -- CCoonnssuummeerrss,, TTrraaddeerrss,, MMaannuuffaaccttuurreerrss,, TTeecchhnnoollooggiissttss,, EEnnggiinneeeerrss aanndd ootthheerrss..

HHiissttoorryy ooff TTeexxttiillee IInndduussttrryy-- AA RReeffeerreennccee

                                                                      

TTeexxttiillee iinndduussttrryy hhaass ccoommee aa lloonngg wwaayy ttoo bbee aann oorrggaanniizzeedd iinndduussttrryy ffrroomm bbeeiinngg aa mmeerree ddoommeessttiicc iinndduussttrryy.. SSttaarrttiinngg wwiitthh tthhee IInndduussttrriiaall RReevvoolluuttiioonn,, iitt hhaass ggaaiinneedd aa ssttaattee ooff ssuupprreemmaaccyy wwiitthh ttiimmee.. HHiigghh pprroodduuccttiioonn ooff wwooooll,, ccoottttoonn aanndd ssiillkk aallll oovveerr tthhee wwoorrlldd hhaass ggiivveenn aa bboooosstt ttoo tthhee tteexxttiillee iinndduussttrryy iinn ppaasstt yyeeaarrss.. TThhoouugghh tthhee iinndduussttrryy oorriiggiinnaatteedd iinn UUKK,, tthhee aarrtt ooff tteexxttiillee pprroodduuccttiioonn ppaasssseedd ttoo EEuurrooppee aanndd NNoorrtthh AAmmeerriiccaa aafftteerr mmeecchhaanniizzaattiioonn ooff tteexxttiillee mmaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg pprroocceessss iinn tthhoossee aarreeaass.. AAssiiaann ccoouunnttrriieess aallssoo iinndduussttrriiaalliizzeedd tthheeiirr eeccoonnoommiieess aanndd ttooookk sstteeppss ffoorr tthhee ggrroowwtthh ooff tthhiiss sseeccttoorr.. JJaappaann,, IInnddiiaa,, HHoonngg KKoonngg aanndd CChhiinnaa hhaavvee bbeeccoommee lleeaaddiinngg pprroodduucceerrss ooff tteexxttiillee bbeeccaauussee ooff tthhee aavvaaiillaabbiilliittyy ooff cchheeaapp llaabboouurr wwhhiicchh iiss aa vveerryy iimmppoorrttaanntt ffaaccttoorr ffoorr tthhiiss iinndduussttrryy.. SSoouurrccee:: wwiikkiippeeddiiaa NNooww tthhee iinndduussttrryy hhaass mmaattuurreedd eennoouugghh ffoorr ggrroowwtthh oouuttssiiddee tthhee ttrraaddiittiioonnaall wweesstteerrnn mmaarrkkeettss

TThhee WWoorrlldd TTrraaddee OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn ((WWTTOO)) hhaass ttaakkeenn iimmppoorrttaanntt sstteeppss ffoorr ddeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff tthhiiss sseeccttoorr.. IInn 11999955,, WWTTOO hhaadd aaddoopptteedd AAggrreeeemmeenntt oonn TTeexxttiilleess aanndd CCllootthhiinngg ((AATTCC)),, wwhhiicchh pprroovviiddeedd ffoorr rreemmoovvaall ooff qquuoottaass oonn tteexxttiillee aanndd ccllootthhiinngg aammoonngg WWTTOO mmeemmbbeerr ccoouunnttrriieess.. TThhiiss aaggrreeeemmeenntt wwaass eennffoorrcceedd oonn 11--11--22000055 aanndd aallll tthhee qquuoottaass wweerree aabboolliisshheedd.. AAlltthhoouugghh hhiigghh ttaarriiffffss aanndd qquuaannttiittaattiivvee rreessttrriiccttiioonnss aarree iimmppoosseedd bbyy tthhee eeccoonnoommiiccaallllyy ddeevveellooppeedd ccoouunnttrriieess,, tthhee ddeevveellooppiinngg ccoouunnttrriieess aarree iinnccrreeaassiinnggllyy eexxppoorrttiinngg tteexxttiilleess ttoo ddeevveellooppeedd aanndd ootthheerr ccoouunnttrriieess..

GGlloobbaall TTeexxttiillee SScceennaarriioo -- TThhee PPrreesseenntt SSttaattiissttiiccss

AAccccoorrddiinngg ttoo ssttaattiissttiiccss,, tthhee gglloobbaall tteexxttiillee mmaarrkkeett iiss wwoorrtthh ooff mmoorree tthhaann $$440000 bbiilllliioonnss aatt pprreesseenntt.. IInn aa mmoorree lliibbeerraalliizzeedd eennvviirroonnmmeenntt,, tthhee iinndduussttrryy iiss ffaacciinngg ccoommppeettiittiioonn aass wweellll aass ooppppoorrttuunniittiieess.. IItt iiss pprreeddiicctteedd tthhaatt GGlloobbaall tteexxttiillee pprroodduuccttiioonn wwiillll ggrrooww uupp ttoo 2255 %% bbyy tthhee yyeeaarr 22001100 aanndd 5500 %% bbyy 22001144.. TThhee wwoorrlldd tteexxttiillee aanndd aappppaarreell iinndduussttrryy hhaass ggoonnee iinnttoo aa pphhaassee ooff ttrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn ssiinnccee tthhee eelliimmiinnaattiioonn ooff qquuoottaa iinn tthhee yyeeaarr 22000055.. MMaannyy nneeww ccoommppeettiittoorrss aass wweellll aass ccoonnssuummeerrss hhaavvee eenntteerreedd tthhee gglloobbaall mmaarrkkeett wwiitthh tthheeiirr iimmmmeennssee ccaappaabbiilliittiieess aanndd tthhee ddeessiirree ttoo ggrrooww::

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

IItt iiss eexxppeecctteedd tthhaatt CChhiinnaa wwiillll rreepprreesseenntt aarroouunndd 4455%% ooff gglloobbaall ttrraaddee bbyy 22001100.. IInnssppiittee ooff iittss ssiiggnniiffiiccaanntt ggrroowwtthh ttrreenndd,, CChhiinnaa''ss rriissiinngg ccoossttss aanndd ppeerrcceeiivveedd rriisskkss aarree ccrreeaattiinngg mmoorree ooppppoorrttuunniittiieess ffoorr ootthheerr llooww ccoosstt ccoouunnttrriieess..

IItt iiss aallssoo eexxppeecctteedd tthhaatt IInnddiiaa wwiillll rreepprreesseenntt aarroouunndd 2200%% ooff gglloobbaall ttrraaddee bbyy 22001100 .. IInnddiiaa iiss rraappiiddllyy eexxppaannddiinngg iittss rroollee wwiitthh nneeww ccaappaacciittyy bbuuiilldd--uupp iinn mmaannaaggeemmeenntt ccoonnttrrooll ooff tteexxttiillee ttrraaddeess tthhrroouugghh vveerrttiiccaall iinntteeggrraattiioonn.. VVeerrttiiccaallllyy iinntteeggrraatteedd ccoommppaanniieess aarree oorrggaanniizzeedd iinn aa hhiieerraarrcchhyy aanndd sshhaarree aa ccoommmmoonn oowwnneerr.. UUssuuaallllyy eeaacchh mmeemmbbeerr ooff tthhee hhiieerraarrcchhyy pprroodduucceess aa ddiiffffeerreenntt pprroodduucctt oorr sseerrvviiccee.. TThhee pprroodduuccttss aarree ccoommbbiinneedd ttoo aacchhiieevvee aa ccoommmmoonn ggooaall.. TThhee aaddvvaannttaaggee ooff VVeerrttiiccaall iinntteeggrraattiioonn iiss tthhaatt iitt aavvooiiddss tthhee hhoolldd--uupp pprroobblleemm..

PPaakkiissttaann,, VViieettnnaamm,, CCaammbbooddiiaa aanndd BBaannggllaaddeesshh aarree rreellyyiinngg oonn tthheeiirr llooww mmaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg ccoossttss dduuee ttoo cchheeaapp llaabboouurr aavvaaiillaabbllee tthheerree.. TThhuuss tthheeyy aarree bbuuiillddiinngg uupp mmoorree ccaappaacciittyy iinn tteexxttiillee mmaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg..

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

TTuurrkkeeyy,,cclloosseellyy ccoonnnneecctteedd ttoo IIttaallyy,, iiss ffaasstt eemmeerrggiinngg aass aa ccrriittiiccaall rreeggiioonnaall ppllaayyeerr.. IItt iiss ccrreeaattiinngg aa nnuummbbeerr ooff nneeww rreeggiioonnaall bbrraanndd ppllaayyeerrss bbyy pprroovviiddiinngg tthheemm '' TTuurrqquuaalliittyy '' aaccccrreeddiittaattiioonn.. TThhee ppuurrppoossee ooff tthhiiss aaccccrreeddiittaattiioonn iiss ttoo ssttrreennggtthheenn tthhee qquuaalliittyy iimmaaggee aanndd eennhhaannccee tthhee rreeccooggnniittiioonn aanndd aawwaarreenneessss ooff TTuurrkkiisshh bbrraannddss..

EEggyypptt iiss pprreesseennttllyy wwoorrkkiinngg wwiitthh nneeww eemmpphhaassiiss iinn tteexxttiillee sseeccttoorr..

EEaasstteerrnn EEuurrooppeeaann ccoouunnttrriieess,, hhaavvee ssuuffffeerreedd aa sslliigghhtt sseett bbaacckk dduuee ttoo tthheeiirr ggrroowwiinngg ccoossttss.. AAss aa rreessuulltt tthheeyy aarree rraappiiddllyy rreeffooccuussiinngg aanndd rreeppoossiittiioonniinngg oonn hhiigghheerr mmaarrkkeett sseeggmmeennttss..

SSoouutthh aanndd CCeennttrraall AAmmeerriiccaa mmaaiinnttaaiinn aa rreelleevvaanntt ffooccuuss oonn tteexxttiillee

IIttaallyy ssttiillll lleeaaddss iinn tthhee lluuxxuurryy sseeggmmeennttss..

IInn tthhee wweesstteerrnn ccoouunnttrriieess,, iimmppoorrttss hhaavvee aallmmoosstt rreeaacchheedd 8855--9900%% ooff ttoottaall ccoonnssuummppttiioonn

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

TTrreennddss aanndd IInnnnoovvaattiioonnss iinn FFaabbrriicc MMaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg

FFaabbrriicc

mmaannuuffaaccttuurree iiss tthhee mmoosstt iimmppoorrttaanntt ppaarrtt ooff TTeexxttiillee iinndduussttrryy.. TThhee mmaannuuffaaccttuurree ooff tteexxttiillee ccaann bbee ddiivviiddeedd iinnttoo tthhrreeee sseeggmmeennttss:: AAppppaarreell,, HHoommee tteexxttiillee aanndd IInndduussttrriiaall// TTeecchhnniiccaall TTeexxttiillee.. TThhee rraattiioo ooff GGlloobbaall tteexxttiillee pprroodduuccttiioonn ooff tthheessee sseeggmmeennttss hhaass bbeeeenn sshhoowwnn iinn tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg cchhaarrtt::

Technical textileTechnical textile is high performance textile that is based on is high performance textile that is based on special functionalityspecial functionality. Its market is . Its market is expanding and it is used in various industries like agriculture, clothing, construction, health care, expanding and it is used in various industries like agriculture, clothing, construction, health care, transportation, packaging, sports, environmental protection, protective wear, and many more. transportation, packaging, sports, environmental protection, protective wear, and many more. The global marketThe global market for technical textiles is expected to grow to the value of for technical textiles is expected to grow to the value of US$ 127 billionUS$ 127 billion by by the year 2010. While the US and EU continue to be the main manufacturers and consumers of the year 2010. While the US and EU continue to be the main manufacturers and consumers of functional textiles, China has emerged as a large manufacturer of the same. The Technical functional textiles, China has emerged as a large manufacturer of the same. The Technical textiles may be classified into following categories :textiles may be classified into following categories :

AgrotechAgrotech : Agro Textile are used in : Agro Textile are used in gardening, landscaping, agriculture, forestry, animal gardening, landscaping, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry etc. husbandry etc.

BuildtechBuildtech: Construction textile used in the : Construction textile used in the construction of buildings, sport arenas and hallsconstruction of buildings, sport arenas and halls. . ClothtechClothtech:: Functional textile used in Functional textile used in clothing and footwearclothing and footwear GeotechGeotech: Geo Textile used by the : Geo Textile used by the civil engineering industries like roads, bridges, tunnels and civil engineering industries like roads, bridges, tunnels and

dams to provide support and stability below the ground level. dams to provide support and stability below the ground level. IndutechIndutech:: Industrial Textile used for purposes such as Industrial Textile used for purposes such as filtration, cleaning, mechanical filtration, cleaning, mechanical

engineering, sealing, sound insulating, etc. engineering, sealing, sound insulating, etc. MedtechMedtech: Medical Textile used in : Medical Textile used in health and hygienehealth and hygiene applications for the medical markets. applications for the medical markets. MobiltechMobiltech:: Transport Textiles used in the Transport Textiles used in the construction, equipment and furnishing of passengers construction, equipment and furnishing of passengers

and goods transportation (land, sea, air), civil and militaryand goods transportation (land, sea, air), civil and military. . HometechHometech:: Home Textile used in the manufacture of Home Textile used in the manufacture of furniture, upholstery, floor coverings and furniture, upholstery, floor coverings and

carpets. carpets. OekotechOekotech:: Eco Textile used in environmental protection, waste disposal and recyclingEco Textile used in environmental protection, waste disposal and recycling. . PacktechPacktech: Packing Textiles used for : Packing Textiles used for carriage, storage and protectioncarriage, storage and protection of industrial, agricultural of industrial, agricultural

and other goods. and other goods. ProtechProtech:: Protective textiles used in Protective textiles used in personal and property protectionpersonal and property protection. . SporttechSporttech:: Sports textile used for Sports textile used for sport and leisure productssport and leisure products . . Apart from these the Apart from these the Global Market for Smart Fabrics and Interactive Textiles (SFIT) hasGlobal Market for Smart Fabrics and Interactive Textiles (SFIT) has

developed significantly in recent years. These textiles provide interactive properties such as developed significantly in recent years. These textiles provide interactive properties such as electrical conductivity, ballistic resistance and biological protection.electrical conductivity, ballistic resistance and biological protection. Electrically heated seat kits Electrically heated seat kits which have been a major commercial success is a fine example of this type of textile.which have been a major commercial success is a fine example of this type of textile.

Future Textile Industry- A PerspectiveFuture Textile Industry- A Perspective

The future global market for textile and apparel is expected to The future global market for textile and apparel is expected to expand in a significant way. expand in a significant way. The reasons for such expansion The reasons for such expansion include growth of new consumption marketsinclude growth of new consumption markets, Global , Global expansion of modern retail business, boom of air and sea expansion of modern retail business, boom of air and sea shipments, growth of textile and related production in Eastern shipments, growth of textile and related production in Eastern Europe, ex Russian block, Turkey, Middle East, South East Europe, ex Russian block, Turkey, Middle East, South East Asia, India, China and South America. Asia, India, China and South America.

In future, In future, It is going to be a challenging global market full of It is going to be a challenging global market full of risks but also full of unbelievable opportunitiesrisks but also full of unbelievable opportunities. Strategic . Strategic partnership among various interests will become more partnership among various interests will become more important than the traditional transactions through vendor important than the traditional transactions through vendor relations. relations.

Skill & Competence Skill & Competence It is going to be a It is going to be a talent intensive markettalent intensive market where certain capabilities will where certain capabilities will

dominate the market: dominate the market: The The capability to coordinatecapability to coordinate the dispersed supply chains through the dispersed supply chains through

intelligence, understanding, technology and better management practices. intelligence, understanding, technology and better management practices. The The trading capability for taking full advantage of the vast and diverse trading capability for taking full advantage of the vast and diverse

ranges of textile produced across the globe. ranges of textile produced across the globe. Capability of developing retail brands for differentiating from other Capability of developing retail brands for differentiating from other

products and for products and for gaining loyalty of consumers. gaining loyalty of consumers. B2B brandingB2B branding because the large retailers and brands are relying more and because the large retailers and brands are relying more and

more on B2B brands. more on B2B brands. InnovationInnovation- new products, new systems, new applications- innovation will - new products, new systems, new applications- innovation will

be the key word. be the key word. Adding valueAdding value to products , customized with the "fast" changing fashion to products , customized with the "fast" changing fashion

and textile needs. and textile needs.

Key TrendsKey Trends Key Trends Key Trends : There will be : There will be no seasons specific textile and apparelsno seasons specific textile and apparels, ,

external factors will rapidly change scenarios, customization & external factors will rapidly change scenarios, customization & the web the web will be more prominentwill be more prominent::

While producing textile, factors such as While producing textile, factors such as environmental pollution and global environmental pollution and global warmingwarming will have to be considered. The world already has imposed strict will have to be considered. The world already has imposed strict rules and regulations regarding this. rules and regulations regarding this.

Multi seasonal apparels will gain prominenceMulti seasonal apparels will gain prominence. . External factors like External factors like exchange rates of the currencies such as Dollar, Euro, exchange rates of the currencies such as Dollar, Euro,

Yuan, Rupee etcYuan, Rupee etc., the fall and rise of petrol prices, air transport, country ., the fall and rise of petrol prices, air transport, country specific and global political situations will have greater impact on the rise specific and global political situations will have greater impact on the rise or slowdown of the industry. or slowdown of the industry.

Internet salesInternet sales are growing significantly and it will grow further. are growing significantly and it will grow further.

Sectorial OverviewSectorial Overview

The term ‘Textile' is a Latin word which cones from the word ‘texere' which means ‘to weave'. The term ‘Textile' is a Latin word which cones from the word ‘texere' which means ‘to weave'. Textile originally referred to a woven fabric but latter on the term textile as well as the plural Textile originally referred to a woven fabric but latter on the term textile as well as the plural textiles refers to fibers, filaments and yarns.textiles refers to fibers, filaments and yarns.

The primary sectors which comprise of the textile industry The primary sectors which comprise of the textile industry •  Man made fiber mill •  Man made fiber mill Textile MillTextile Mill industry industry•  •  Filament yarn industryFilament yarn industry•  Deconcentrated •  Deconcentrated Power loomPower loom sector sector

•  •  Woolen Textile IndustryWoolen Textile Industry•  •  Silk IndustrySilk Industry

•  •  Jute IndustryJute Industry •  •  Handicraft IndustryHandicraft Industry

Textile MillTextile Mill Textile refers to a flexible material comprising of a network of natural or artificial fibers, known as yarn. Textile refers to a flexible material comprising of a network of natural or artificial fibers, known as yarn.

Textiles are formed after the process of weavingTextiles are formed after the process of weaving , knitting, crocheting, knotting and pressing fibers , knitting, crocheting, knotting and pressing fibers together. together.

Textile Mills refers to manufacturing plants for making textile fabric and products. Textile Mill Textile Mills refers to manufacturing plants for making textile fabric and products. Textile Mill Industry Industry is is one of the largest industries in India.one of the largest industries in India.

It approximately provides employment to almost It approximately provides employment to almost 10 lakh workers10 lakh workers. . A huge number of A huge number of associated industriesassociated industries also depend on the textile sector. also depend on the textile sector. The Indian textile mill industries went through a process of phenomenal growth for the past four decadesThe Indian textile mill industries went through a process of phenomenal growth for the past four decadesDwindling condition of the mill last year due to.Dwindling condition of the mill last year due to. loosing ground to power looms in decentralized sector due to greater cost effectiveness. loosing ground to power looms in decentralized sector due to greater cost effectiveness. Low productivity due to lack of adequate modernization Low productivity due to lack of adequate modernization Stagnation in demand Stagnation in demand Inability of certain units to expand in national and international market Inability of certain units to expand in national and international market Increase in cost of input Increase in cost of input Inadequate working capital Inadequate working capital Government of India took initiative to take adequate measures to tackle this problemGovernment of India took initiative to take adequate measures to tackle this problem .. Board for industrial and Financial Reconstruction ( BIFR) was set up to detect sickness and the sick Board for industrial and Financial Reconstruction ( BIFR) was set up to detect sickness and the sick

companies. companies.

Textile Workers' Rehabilitation Fund Scheme (TWRFS) was set up to tackle the problems. Textile Workers' Rehabilitation Fund Scheme (TWRFS) was set up to tackle the problems. Few Leading Indian Textile MillsFew Leading Indian Textile Mills are  are  Adarsh Textile MillsAdarsh Textile Mills : Manufacturer and exporter of good quality : Manufacturer and exporter of good quality

woolen and synthetic blankets •  woolen and synthetic blankets •  Amritsar Swadeshi Woolen MillsAmritsar Swadeshi Woolen Mills : Pioneer in manufacturing heavy : Pioneer in manufacturing heavy woolen yarn and largest manufacturer of fabric •  woolen yarn and largest manufacturer of fabric •  Aroon MillsAroon Mills : Manufacture of textile auxiliaries •  : Manufacture of textile auxiliaries •  Mohan Mohan Thread MillsThread Mills : Manufacturer of high quality embroidery yarn and threads : Manufacturer of high quality embroidery yarn and threads

Products of Textile MillsProducts of Textile Mills Textile Mills usually produces both yarn products and fabric products. Textile Mills usually produces both yarn products and fabric products.

Yarn ProductsYarn Products

Cotton yarns Cotton yarns Blended yarn Blended yarn Synthetic yarn Synthetic yarn Specialty yarn Specialty yarn

Fabric Products Fabric Products Woven fabrics Woven fabrics Knitted fabrics Knitted fabrics Grey and dyed fabrics Grey and dyed fabrics

The Man-Made Fiber / Yarn and Powerloom Sector:The Man-Made Fiber / Yarn and Powerloom Sector: This part of industry includes This part of industry includes fiber and filamentfiber and filament yarn manufacturing units. yarn manufacturing units. The Power looms sector is The Power looms sector is decentralized and plays a vital role in Indian Textiles Industrydecentralized and plays a vital role in Indian Textiles Industry. . It produces large It produces large variety of cloths to fulfillvariety of cloths to fulfill different needs of the market. different needs of the market. It is the largest manufacturer of It is the largest manufacturer of fabric and produces a wide variety of cloth.fabric and produces a wide variety of cloth. The sector contributes around The sector contributes around 62% of the total cloth production62% of the total cloth production in the country and provides in the country and provides

ample employment opportunities to ample employment opportunities to 4.86 million people4.86 million people..

The Cotton Sector:The Cotton Sector: Cotton is one of the major sources of Cotton is one of the major sources of employment and contributes in export in promising employment and contributes in export in promising

manner.manner. This sector provides huge employment opportunities to around This sector provides huge employment opportunities to around 50 million people related 50 million people related

activities like Cultivation, Trade, and Processing.activities like Cultivation, Trade, and Processing. India’s Cotton sector is India’s Cotton sector is second largest producer of cotton products in the worldsecond largest producer of cotton products in the world..

The Handloom Sector:The Handloom Sector: The handloom sector plays a very important role in the country’s economy. The handloom sector plays a very important role in the country’s economy. It is the It is the second largest sectorsecond largest sector in terms of employment, next only to agriculture. in terms of employment, next only to agriculture. This sector accounts for about This sector accounts for about 13% of the total cloth produced in the country (excluding wool, 13% of the total cloth produced in the country (excluding wool,

silk and Khadi).silk and Khadi).

The Woolen SectorThe Woolen Sector:: The Woolen Textile sector is an The Woolen Textile sector is an Organized and Decentralized SectorOrganized and Decentralized Sector.. The major part of the industry is rural based.The major part of the industry is rural based. India is the India is the 7th largest producer of wool7th largest producer of wool, and has , and has 1.8% share in total world production1.8% share in total world production.. The share of The share of apparel grade is 5%, carpet grade is 85%, and coarse grade is 10% of the total apparel grade is 5%, carpet grade is 85%, and coarse grade is 10% of the total

production ofproduction of raw wool. raw wool. The Industry is The Industry is highly dependent on import of raw wool material, due to inadequate highly dependent on import of raw wool material, due to inadequate

production.production.

The Jute SectorThe Jute Sector Jute Sector plays very important role in Indian Textile Industry. Jute Sector plays very important role in Indian Textile Industry. Jute is called Jute is called Golden fiber and after cotton it is the cheapest fiber availableGolden fiber and after cotton it is the cheapest fiber available. . Indian Jute Industry is the Indian Jute Industry is the largest producerlargest producer of raw jute and jute products in the of raw jute and jute products in the

world. world. India is the India is the second largest exportersecond largest exporter of jute goods in world. of jute goods in world.

The Sericulture and Silk Sector:The Sericulture and Silk Sector: The Silk industry has a unique position in India, and plays important role in The Silk industry has a unique position in India, and plays important role in Textile Textile

Industry and Export. Industry and Export. India is the India is the 2nd largest producer of silk in2nd largest producer of silk in world and contributes 18% of the total world and contributes 18% of the total

world raw silk production. world raw silk production. In India Silk is available with varieties such as, In India Silk is available with varieties such as, Mulberry, Eri, Tassar, and MugaMulberry, Eri, Tassar, and Muga Sericulture plays vital role in cottage industry in the countrySericulture plays vital role in cottage industry in the country. It is the most labor-. It is the most labor-

intensive sector that combines both Agriculture and Industry.intensive sector that combines both Agriculture and Industry.

The Handicraft Sector:The Handicraft Sector: The Indian handicrafts industry is The Indian handicrafts industry is highly labor intensivehighly labor intensive, Higher standards cottage , Higher standards cottage

based and based and decentralized industrydecentralized industry.. It plays a significant & important role in the country’s economy.It plays a significant & important role in the country’s economy. It provides employment to a It provides employment to a vast segment of craft personsvast segment of craft persons in rural & semi urban in rural & semi urban

areas and generates substantial areas and generates substantial foreign exchange for the countryforeign exchange for the country, while preserving , while preserving its its cultural heritage.cultural heritage.

Textile Industry Textile Industry   

AdvantagesAdvantages Indian textile industries enjoy certain favorable factors which contribute in Indian textile industries enjoy certain favorable factors which contribute in

retaining its leading position in national and international scenario. These retaining its leading position in national and international scenario. These factors can be fully utilized to ensure further growth and development. factors can be fully utilized to ensure further growth and development.

Large raw material base including Large raw material base including cotton cotton , , wool wool , , silk silk , , jutejute and other man and other man made fibers. made fibers.

Huge capacity of production Huge capacity of production Easy accessibility to large scale skilled man power Easy accessibility to large scale skilled man power Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Flexible production process Flexible production process LimitationsLimitations.. The whole industry is split up The whole industry is split up Cotton quality Cotton quality Limitation and hazards in procedure of processing Limitation and hazards in procedure of processing Labor reform problems Labor reform problems Infrastructural limitations and bottlenecks Infrastructural limitations and bottlenecks

Main aspects of Textile industry Main aspects of Textile industry

Textile apparel which includes clothing and garment Textile apparel which includes clothing and garment Textile fabric Textile fabric Fibers, yarns and threads Fibers, yarns and threads Textile chemical Textile chemical Textile products Textile products Textile machinery Textile machinery Textile services Textile services Considering the significance and contribution of textile sector Considering the significance and contribution of textile sector

in national economy, initiative and efforts are being made to in national economy, initiative and efforts are being made to take urgent and adequate steps to attract investment and take urgent and adequate steps to attract investment and encourage wide spread development and growth in this sectorencourage wide spread development and growth in this sector

Major products of textile industries Major products of textile industries Awnings, textile Awnings, textile Blankets Blankets Bags or sacks, textile Bags or sacks, textile Blinds, textile Blinds, textile Canvas goods, textile Canvas goods, textile Fabrics, textile Fabrics, textile Felts ( except floor coverings) Felts ( except floor coverings) Glass fiber fabric Glass fiber fabric Household linen Household linen Lace Lace Narrow fabric Narrow fabric Netting, textile Netting, textile Piece goods Piece goods Ropes (except wire ropes) Ropes (except wire ropes) Sail cloth Sail cloth Sewing thread Sewing thread String String Tarpaulin Tarpaulin Thread Thread Towels Towels Trimmings, textile Trimmings, textile Yarns Yarns

3. Nature & Scope of the Fashion 3. Nature & Scope of the Fashion IndustryIndustry

About the Fashion IndustryAbout the Fashion Industry The fashion industry ranks among the The fashion industry ranks among the high growth sectors of the economyhigh growth sectors of the economy. It is . It is

labeled as a labeled as a priority sector for trade development and promotionpriority sector for trade development and promotion. The prospects of . The prospects of the garment industry are extremely encouraging. It provides attractive openings at the garment industry are extremely encouraging. It provides attractive openings at various levels not only to professionals but also to the various levels not only to professionals but also to the talented and the skilled talented and the skilled youthyouth. Both men’s and women’s apparel industry has seen phenomenal growth in . Both men’s and women’s apparel industry has seen phenomenal growth in the past few decades.the past few decades.

The fashion industry has thousands of apparel manufacturing establishments. The fashion industry has thousands of apparel manufacturing establishments. The The major functional areas the industry has are major functional areas the industry has are designing garments, cutting the cloth, designing garments, cutting the cloth, sewing the pieces together and finally merchandisingsewing the pieces together and finally merchandising.. Popularizing and Popularizing and marketing of the various styles and products is done through ramp shows and marketing of the various styles and products is done through ramp shows and fashion write-ups.fashion write-ups.

Owing to the global stature of fashion business, the sector is Owing to the global stature of fashion business, the sector is receptive to foreign receptive to foreign collaborations. By its very nature of being creative, several of the sub-sectors collaborations. By its very nature of being creative, several of the sub-sectors are found to have a constant and continuous absorption of new technologies, are found to have a constant and continuous absorption of new technologies, processes and management expertise in order to add value to their output or to processes and management expertise in order to add value to their output or to increase the efficiency of their production and distribution processes.increase the efficiency of their production and distribution processes. There There exist immense challenges for those with talent and enthusiasm. exist immense challenges for those with talent and enthusiasm.

Stages in the designing of a productStages in the designing of a product ResearchResearch - Creation of a design involves - Creation of a design involves identifying what customers needidentifying what customers need and which and which

designs will sell. Even in the special designers section, designers producing expensive designs will sell. Even in the special designers section, designers producing expensive original work keep in mind factors such as original work keep in mind factors such as social customs, international fashion trends social customs, international fashion trends and fabrics available.and fabrics available. In the In the wholesale sectorwholesale sector manufacturing designers select and modify manufacturing designers select and modify designs which are going to sell. They get ideas by designs which are going to sell. They get ideas by reviewing periodicals and attending reviewing periodicals and attending fashion shows etc. They also take into account competitorsfashion shows etc. They also take into account competitors’ products and sales ’ products and sales information. Trends are anticipated as designs are produced a year in advance of information. Trends are anticipated as designs are produced a year in advance of garments reaching the market. New designs are required for two or more seasons each garments reaching the market. New designs are required for two or more seasons each year.year.

DesignsDesigns - Designers use their creativity to produce ideas to - Designers use their creativity to produce ideas to suit the market needssuit the market needs. . Sketches are used to Sketches are used to outline basic ideas when fabrics are selectedoutline basic ideas when fabrics are selected. The appearance, . The appearance, quality and texture of fabricsquality and texture of fabrics are taken into account. During are taken into account. During manufacturing, the designer manufacturing, the designer liaises with production staff and  the buyer to ensure that mass production is feasible and liaises with production staff and  the buyer to ensure that mass production is feasible and cost effective. cost effective.

PatternsPatterns - Designers make - Designers make formal drawingsformal drawings indicating the position of indicating the position of seams, folds, darts, seams, folds, darts, etc., but in many cases patterns are translated from the rough sketches by draftsmen. etc., but in many cases patterns are translated from the rough sketches by draftsmen.

SamplesSamples - - Designers garments are made up for the show or private clients. In wholesale Designers garments are made up for the show or private clients. In wholesale manufacture, samples are made up before mass production begins and the designer manufacture, samples are made up before mass production begins and the designer makes any necessary adjustmentsmakes any necessary adjustments. Changes may be required to suit production/budgetary . Changes may be required to suit production/budgetary requirements.requirements.

PresentationPresentation - Designers are required to present their design - Designers are required to present their design work to clients. Effective work to clients. Effective presentation is essential for designers.presentation is essential for designers. They do so through fashion shows, selling to They do so through fashion shows, selling to individuals or retail buyers. Designers market their work and give advice to clients about individuals or retail buyers. Designers market their work and give advice to clients about adaptations - types of fabric which can be used, different dimensions, production adaptations - types of fabric which can be used, different dimensions, production problems etc. This is a major aspect of the work for many designers.problems etc. This is a major aspect of the work for many designers.

ScopeScope Design departmentDesign department - - Manufacturing units work on a large scale. They employ Manufacturing units work on a large scale. They employ designers, cutting designers, cutting

assistants, sketching assistants, junior designersassistants, sketching assistants, junior designers . . Cutting assistantsCutting assistants have to cut samples as per have to cut samples as per specifications of the designer. This is followed by draping and garment construction. specifications of the designer. This is followed by draping and garment construction. Sketching assistantsSketching assistants make the technical sketches of the garments which are passed on to cutting assistants. From the making of make the technical sketches of the garments which are passed on to cutting assistants. From the making of specification drawings which decide how a garment has to be fabricated to the selection of fabrics is often specification drawings which decide how a garment has to be fabricated to the selection of fabrics is often the duty of the sketching assistant. the duty of the sketching assistant. Junior designersJunior designers generally do the first pattern cutting. They assemble generally do the first pattern cutting. They assemble the first samples with fabrics they have selected from the market.the first samples with fabrics they have selected from the market.

Marketing and merchandisingMarketing and merchandising - Fashion trends are constantly changing, the people in - Fashion trends are constantly changing, the people in merchandising and merchandising and marketingmarketing have a good knowledge of fashion trends, of sales data and the organization’s marketing have a good knowledge of fashion trends, of sales data and the organization’s marketing objectives. Based on this information the marketing department plans the company’s overall direction. It objectives. Based on this information the marketing department plans the company’s overall direction. It determines the price, product requirement, and hence they often work with the styling department when a determines the price, product requirement, and hence they often work with the styling department when a new product is conceived.new product is conceived.

Manufacturing department Manufacturing department -- The The production managerproduction manager is at the head of the manufacturing unit. He is is at the head of the manufacturing unit. He is responsible for scheduling work goals, training of workers, managing all activities in order to maintain responsible for scheduling work goals, training of workers, managing all activities in order to maintain quality in production. The production manager oversees the work of pattern cutting - from pattern grading, quality in production. The production manager oversees the work of pattern cutting - from pattern grading, spreading and marking to cutting, assembling and finishing. With the production manager are spreading and marking to cutting, assembling and finishing. With the production manager are production production assistantsassistants who supervise the work at each stage. who supervise the work at each stage.

The production pattern makerThe production pattern maker makes the first makes the first ‘master pattern‘master pattern’ of the garment on tough paper. This ’ of the garment on tough paper. This master pattern is made in close coordination with the fashion designing department. The master pattern is master pattern is made in close coordination with the fashion designing department. The master pattern is made into a made into a number of sizesnumber of sizes. Each piece of the garment is represented by a piece of the pattern. The fabric . Each piece of the garment is represented by a piece of the pattern. The fabric is spread out and patterns are cut. The pieces are assembled for the is spread out and patterns are cut. The pieces are assembled for the machine operatormachine operator and finally finished and finally finished by handwork. This is the process where a number of people are employed in large manufacturing industries by handwork. This is the process where a number of people are employed in large manufacturing industries while in smaller units the same persons may be doing a number of tasks.while in smaller units the same persons may be doing a number of tasks.

Fashion coordinators Fashion coordinators -- They coordinate with the They coordinate with the buyer buyer and the and the production managerproduction manager. The fashion . The fashion coordinator makes sure production schedules are kept, meets buyers goes through specifications for coordinator makes sure production schedules are kept, meets buyers goes through specifications for fabrics, fabrics, colors, designs and keeps an eye on the quality.colors, designs and keeps an eye on the quality. When buyers give their own designs, the When buyers give their own designs, the coordinator helps decide the fabric colors and accessories that should be used to suit the designs. They coordinator helps decide the fabric colors and accessories that should be used to suit the designs. They explain the design to the production pattern makers and get sample pieces made. The sample is draped on a explain the design to the production pattern makers and get sample pieces made. The sample is draped on a dummy to see if some changes in details or style are required. Once the sample is finalized, its pieces are dummy to see if some changes in details or style are required. Once the sample is finalized, its pieces are measured precisely. It is the coordinator who suggests how the cloth should be cut so as to minimize measured precisely. It is the coordinator who suggests how the cloth should be cut so as to minimize wastage. The garment is then and finally presented for sale.wastage. The garment is then and finally presented for sale.

What fashion designers doWhat fashion designers do Fashion designers Fashion designers create designscreate designs for almost anything which is a part of the garment for almost anything which is a part of the garment

of men, women and children. of men, women and children. Designers create garments and accessories making them Designers create garments and accessories making them functional as well as functional as well as

attractiveattractive, the main consideration being the , the main consideration being the needs of the clientneeds of the client, which obviously are, which obviously are influenced influenced by trends, market predictions and the climate. by trends, market predictions and the climate.

The designer needs to keep a The designer needs to keep a close track with fit, style, colour, texture, size and close track with fit, style, colour, texture, size and materialmaterial. .

The The process process begins with begins with sketchingsketching the original idea on paper and then the original idea on paper and then shaping the shaping the pattern piecespattern pieces which make the garment. which make the garment.

The pieces are then The pieces are then drawn in actual sizedrawn in actual size on paper and on paper and cut out on a rough materialcut out on a rough material. . These pieces are stitched together and These pieces are stitched together and fitted on a model.fitted on a model.

ModificationsModifications in the pattern pieces or other features of the mock up are made and in the pattern pieces or other features of the mock up are made and thus the design is completed.thus the design is completed.

From the From the rough modelrough model sample garments are made in the sample garments are made in the final fabricfinal fabric. . Much time of the designer is spent in Much time of the designer is spent in exploration and researchexploration and research. . Knowledge about fabric, weave, draping qualities, material, color and design Knowledge about fabric, weave, draping qualities, material, color and design

and the changing trends is importantand the changing trends is important..  

Three main areas of fashion design Three main areas of fashion design and manufactureand manufacture..

These are designing forThese are designing for Mass production (wholesale),Mass production (wholesale), for fashion trends and large-for fashion trends and large-

scale manufacture of designer ware.scale manufacture of designer ware. By far the largest area is wholesale manufacture, where firms By far the largest area is wholesale manufacture, where firms

mass-produce garments following fashion trends set in by mass-produce garments following fashion trends set in by fashion forecastersfashion forecasters. .

High fashion designsHigh fashion designs when simplified and adapted for the when simplified and adapted for the common public are suitable for production in large numbers at common public are suitable for production in large numbers at low cost. Fashion trend setters are celebrated firms and low cost. Fashion trend setters are celebrated firms and fashion fashion houses which produce exclusively designed garment houses which produce exclusively designed garment collections.  collections.  

Fashion shows of ‘Hauteur Couture’ collections are held for Fashion shows of ‘Hauteur Couture’ collections are held for marketing these designs.marketing these designs.

Personal CharacteristicsPersonal Characteristics Fashion designing is basically a creative field and success in this field is dependent more on Fashion designing is basically a creative field and success in this field is dependent more on

the the inherent creativity and formal traininginherent creativity and formal training. .  Fashion designers should be Fashion designers should be artistic and should be able to express their ideas in sketchesartistic and should be able to express their ideas in sketches. . They may not be brilliant artists but must be able to They may not be brilliant artists but must be able to combine colours, shades and tones. combine colours, shades and tones. Designers have a flair for Designers have a flair for creating with fabriccreating with fabric and know how to and know how to use textiles effectively.use textiles effectively. Designers need Designers need visual imaginationvisual imagination and the ability to think in and the ability to think in three-dimensionsthree-dimensions to translate into to translate into

garments what they visualize. garments what they visualize. They must be They must be fashion consciousfashion conscious and must be aware of and must be aware of market requirements.market requirements. An An understanding of the market and customer lifestyleunderstanding of the market and customer lifestyle is required, so that designs are suitable is required, so that designs are suitable

for people they are made for.for people they are made for. Designers must be Designers must be good communicatorsgood communicators. . The The work attitudeswork attitudes involved with involved with selling, persuading and influencingselling, persuading and influencing are required. Self- are required. Self-

employed/freelance designers need business acumen.employed/freelance designers need business acumen. Top designers must be Top designers must be highly original and inventivehighly original and inventive. . Sketching is not possible at shows, therefore designers must be observant and must have a Sketching is not possible at shows, therefore designers must be observant and must have a

good memorygood memory..

Work EnvironmentWork Environment

The work of a The work of a fashion designer is both competitive fashion designer is both competitive and stressfuland stressful. Constant excitement, limelight and . Constant excitement, limelight and glamour set the tone for work. Considerable time is glamour set the tone for work. Considerable time is spent standing, working on large worktables. The spent standing, working on large worktables. The work involveswork involves teamwork teamwork. Fashion shows require . Fashion shows require perseverance perseverance over long periods of time. There is over long periods of time. There is considerable travelconsiderable travel involved during fabric selection, involved during fabric selection, analyzing fashion trends,analyzing fashion trends, fashion displays. fashion displays. Hectic Hectic work pressurework pressure evolves during fashion shows. evolves during fashion shows.

Employment AvenuesEmployment Avenues

There are opportunities for work with the various sectors dealing with There are opportunities for work with the various sectors dealing with fashion. The opportunities for jobs exist in the following sectorsfashion. The opportunities for jobs exist in the following sectors

*   *   Export housesExport houses dealing with garment/textile/hand loom exports dealing with garment/textile/hand loom exports*   *   Retail and wholesale garment businessesRetail and wholesale garment businesses in men‘s/women‘s/children in men‘s/women‘s/children

clothing in sportswear/casual wear, etc.clothing in sportswear/casual wear, etc.* *   Hauteur Couture  Hauteur Couture*   *   Government/Semi government-hand loom/textile manufacturersGovernment/Semi government-hand loom/textile manufacturers*   *   Fashion show organizers/Fashion publishersFashion show organizers/Fashion publishers*   *   TV/Film fashion programme producers/comperes/costume designers, etc.TV/Film fashion programme producers/comperes/costume designers, etc.  

In India….In India…. The scope of fashion design jobs in The scope of fashion design jobs in India is unlimited for India is a land of many colors, which India is unlimited for India is a land of many colors, which

are reflected in the vibrant clothing of the Indian Peopleare reflected in the vibrant clothing of the Indian People . India has an ancient textile heritage that . India has an ancient textile heritage that is celebrated in our great epics. is celebrated in our great epics.

One of the greatest feats of textile engineering is mentioned in theOne of the greatest feats of textile engineering is mentioned in the MahabharataMahabharata,, when the evil when the evil Dushasan attempts to disrobe the Princess Draupadi. His efforts are in vain, for Lord Krishna helps Dushasan attempts to disrobe the Princess Draupadi. His efforts are in vain, for Lord Krishna helps Draupadi retain her honor by ensuring her sari is of an unending length. Thus, no matter how much Draupadi retain her honor by ensuring her sari is of an unending length. Thus, no matter how much fabric Dushasan tries to pull off, he finds that yet more fabric remains draped over Draupadi’s body. fabric Dushasan tries to pull off, he finds that yet more fabric remains draped over Draupadi’s body. Truly an amazing feat of fashion designing!Truly an amazing feat of fashion designing!

Fashion design may be a relatively new field in India, however the Indian people have always had a Fashion design may be a relatively new field in India, however the Indian people have always had a sense of fashion. From the sense of fashion. From the traditional hand woven cotton and silk sarees of South Indiatraditional hand woven cotton and silk sarees of South India to the to the woolen woolen Phirans of Kashmir, decorated with delicate floral embroidery, and the colorful wraps Phirans of Kashmir, decorated with delicate floral embroidery, and the colorful wraps of the tribal communities .of the tribal communities .

North Eastern India to mirror work and tie and dyed fabric in Rajasthan and GujaratNorth Eastern India to mirror work and tie and dyed fabric in Rajasthan and Gujarat , fashion has , fashion has many manifestations across the length and breadth of the country.many manifestations across the length and breadth of the country.

The scope for fashion design jobs in India is immense as Indians have increasingly become more The scope for fashion design jobs in India is immense as Indians have increasingly become more conscious about their appearanceconscious about their appearance and seek to enhance it in every way. Dressing well and fashionably and seek to enhance it in every way. Dressing well and fashionably has become the norm. has become the norm. Clothing companies need to hire people in a variety of jobs, ranging from Clothing companies need to hire people in a variety of jobs, ranging from Fashion designers, textile designers, models, retailers, buyers and merchandisers, to provide Fashion designers, textile designers, models, retailers, buyers and merchandisers, to provide end-to-end solutions to their clients.end-to-end solutions to their clients.

The scope of fashion design jobs is therefore vast and extends beyond India’s markets to global The scope of fashion design jobs is therefore vast and extends beyond India’s markets to global markets toomarkets too. . Fashion designers such as Ritu Kumar, Raghavendra Rathore, Rohit Bal, JJ Fashion designers such as Ritu Kumar, Raghavendra Rathore, Rohit Bal, JJ Valaya and Ritu Beri are known worldwideValaya and Ritu Beri are known worldwide..

Institutions such as the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFTInstitutions such as the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT )) provide training to provide training to budding fashion designers to develop their talent and become entrepreneurs in the fashion world.budding fashion designers to develop their talent and become entrepreneurs in the fashion world.

The India Fashion WeekThe India Fashion Week has become an international fashion event, with buyers from has become an international fashion event, with buyers from international stores making an appearance to transact business. international stores making an appearance to transact business.

Role of Textile Industry in India GDPRole of Textile Industry in India GDPRole of Textile Industry in India GDPRole of Textile Industry in India GDP has been quite beneficial in the economic life of the has been quite beneficial in the economic life of the country. The worldwide trade of textiles and clothing has boosted up the GDP of India to a country. The worldwide trade of textiles and clothing has boosted up the GDP of India to a great extent as this sector has brought in a huge amount of revenue in the country. great extent as this sector has brought in a huge amount of revenue in the country.

The textile industry is one of the leading sectors in the Indian economy as it contributes nearly The textile industry is one of the leading sectors in the Indian economy as it contributes nearly 14 percent to the total industrial production14 percent to the total industrial production. The textile industry in India is claimed to be the . The textile industry in India is claimed to be the biggest revenue earners in terms of foreign exchange among all other industrial sectorsbiggest revenue earners in terms of foreign exchange among all other industrial sectors in in India. This industry provides direct employment to around 35 million people, which has made India. This industry provides direct employment to around 35 million people, which has made it one of the most advantageous industrial sectors in the country. it one of the most advantageous industrial sectors in the country.

Some of the important benefits offered by the Indian textile industry are as follows: Some of the important benefits offered by the Indian textile industry are as follows: India covers India covers 61 percent of the international textile market 61 percent of the international textile market India covers 22 percent of the global marketIndia covers 22 percent of the global market India is known to be the India is known to be the third largest manufacturer of cottonthird largest manufacturer of cotton across the globe across the globe India claims to be the India claims to be the second largest manufacturer as well as provider of cotton yarnsecond largest manufacturer as well as provider of cotton yarn and and

textiles in the world textiles in the world India holds around India holds around 25 percent share in the cotton yarn industry25 percent share in the cotton yarn industry across the globe across the globe India contributes to around India contributes to around 12 percent of the world's production of cotton yarn and textiles 12 percent of the world's production of cotton yarn and textiles

Market Localization of the Industry:Market Localization of the Industry:

Northern IndiaNorthern India: Delhi , Bhiwari,Jaipur, : Delhi , Bhiwari,Jaipur, Jodhpur (Rajasthan),Ludhiana (Punjab) , Jodhpur (Rajasthan),Ludhiana (Punjab) , Panipat (Haryana)Panipat (Haryana)

Western India:Western India: Ahemdabad, Surat,(Gujrat) Ahemdabad, Surat,(Gujrat) Solapur, Mumbai (Maharashtra)Solapur, Mumbai (Maharashtra)

Southern IndiaSouthern India: Bangalore (Karnataka), : Bangalore (Karnataka), Coimbatore, Erode, Salem andCoimbatore, Erode, Salem and

Tiruchirapalli ,Madurai, Chennai(Tamil Nadu)Tiruchirapalli ,Madurai, Chennai(Tamil Nadu)

North IndiaNorth IndiaDelhiDelhi Delhi holds a position of prominence and can play a significant role in capturing additional value within Delhi holds a position of prominence and can play a significant role in capturing additional value within

the country. As a sourcing destination and as a gateway to the rest of India’s textile and apparel sector, the country. As a sourcing destination and as a gateway to the rest of India’s textile and apparel sector, Delhi provides unique value in product development and design, and a tremendously flexible supply base. Delhi provides unique value in product development and design, and a tremendously flexible supply base.

Delhi scores high on responsiveness, and is more enterprising. It has the capability to handle extraordinary Delhi scores high on responsiveness, and is more enterprising. It has the capability to handle extraordinary fabrics and is strong in interpretations of artwork fabrics and is strong in interpretations of artwork

Being a metropolis, it has an efficient infrastructure and easy availability of skilled manpower.Being a metropolis, it has an efficient infrastructure and easy availability of skilled manpower.BhilwaraBhilwara Bhilwara emerged as India's largest manufacturer of suitings, fabrics and yarn. Its share in the Bhilwara emerged as India's largest manufacturer of suitings, fabrics and yarn. Its share in the

polyester/viscose fabrics (suiting) sector is around 50 per cent in India. polyester/viscose fabrics (suiting) sector is around 50 per cent in India. Bhilwara city had the birth of the textile industry way back in 1961 when LN Jhunjhunwala set up his first Bhilwara city had the birth of the textile industry way back in 1961 when LN Jhunjhunwala set up his first

unit to manufacture synthetic yarn. unit to manufacture synthetic yarn. The unit is known as Bhilwara Spinners Ltd. The unit is known as Bhilwara Spinners Ltd. Today Bhilwara is a prominent and leading manufacturer, exporter and supplier of world-class Suitings, Today Bhilwara is a prominent and leading manufacturer, exporter and supplier of world-class Suitings,

Flock Fabrics and Yarn. Flock Fabrics and Yarn. The phenomenal growth of the textile industry is something interesting if seen in the context of a similar The phenomenal growth of the textile industry is something interesting if seen in the context of a similar

scenario elsewhere in the country. There is nothing special about Bhilwara to have come to the top position scenario elsewhere in the country. There is nothing special about Bhilwara to have come to the top position in the country except the fact that the entrepreneurs are a unique lot with enthusiasm to have something of in the country except the fact that the entrepreneurs are a unique lot with enthusiasm to have something of their own even though the initial troubles happen to be serious.their own even though the initial troubles happen to be serious.

Jaipur & Jodhpur: Jaipur & Jodhpur: The Pink City of Jaipur has also become an important centre for the production of The Pink City of Jaipur has also become an important centre for the production of

textiles, especially those using the traditional techniques of tie-and-dye, block printing textiles, especially those using the traditional techniques of tie-and-dye, block printing and applique. and applique.

A few producers in Jaipur have also started undertaking bead work to add more value to A few producers in Jaipur have also started undertaking bead work to add more value to the product. the product.

The craftsmen of Jaipur and Jodhpur have developed an enviable expertise in different The craftsmen of Jaipur and Jodhpur have developed an enviable expertise in different patterns such as applique and tie-and-dye, which they embellish with mirrors, thereby patterns such as applique and tie-and-dye, which they embellish with mirrors, thereby turning ordinary cloth into an exquisite artform! Bikaner, Sikar and Jhunjhunu are other turning ordinary cloth into an exquisite artform! Bikaner, Sikar and Jhunjhunu are other popular centers of this craft. Thus, it is not without reason that Rajasthan is often popular centers of this craft. Thus, it is not without reason that Rajasthan is often referred to as a 'shopper's delight', with tourists often overwhelmed at the multitude of referred to as a 'shopper's delight', with tourists often overwhelmed at the multitude of choices they get in embroidery styles.choices they get in embroidery styles.

Quilting or the stitching together of scraps of fabric which fit into a larger design is a Quilting or the stitching together of scraps of fabric which fit into a larger design is a unique offering of the state of Rajasthan. The making of quilts involves time, patience unique offering of the state of Rajasthan. The making of quilts involves time, patience and skill. The lightweight, feather soft quilt from Jaipur will make you want no other. and skill. The lightweight, feather soft quilt from Jaipur will make you want no other. The warmth of these quilts will keep you cozy on the coldest winter night and the The warmth of these quilts will keep you cozy on the coldest winter night and the embroidery on the cover will add color to an otherwise gray season! Mirrors in various embroidery on the cover will add color to an otherwise gray season! Mirrors in various shapes - round, square and triangular - are used to enhance the pattern or design on these shapes - round, square and triangular - are used to enhance the pattern or design on these quilts. These mirrors are held onto the cloth with stitches. One quilt can hold up to a quilts. These mirrors are held onto the cloth with stitches. One quilt can hold up to a thousand mirrors! Such creative use of mirrors leaves a lasting impression and turns a thousand mirrors! Such creative use of mirrors leaves a lasting impression and turns a simple quilt into a much coveted and exclusive possession.simple quilt into a much coveted and exclusive possession.

Jaipur faces tough competition from Delhi on account of the geographical proximity Jaipur faces tough competition from Delhi on account of the geographical proximity between the two regions. However, Jaipur gets the benefit of lower wage rates as between the two regions. However, Jaipur gets the benefit of lower wage rates as compared to Delhi. compared to Delhi.

Jaipur is a well-known tourist destination, visited by a number of foreign tourists. This Jaipur is a well-known tourist destination, visited by a number of foreign tourists. This has helped largely in the development of Jaipur as a home textile production and export has helped largely in the development of Jaipur as a home textile production and export center.center.

Ludhiana Ludhiana The The textile industry in Ludhianatextile industry in Ludhiana makes use of both natural fibers like makes use of both natural fibers like

cotton, silk, jute and wool and artificial fibers such as polyester, viscose, cotton, silk, jute and wool and artificial fibers such as polyester, viscose, nylon, acrylic and blended fibers. These industries produce T-Shirts, shirts, nylon, acrylic and blended fibers. These industries produce T-Shirts, shirts, pullovers, cardigans, track suits, socks, jersey, sweat shirts, gloves, shawls, pullovers, cardigans, track suits, socks, jersey, sweat shirts, gloves, shawls, inner garments, etc. inner garments, etc.

The textile industry of Ludhiana mainly fulfills the requirements of the The textile industry of Ludhiana mainly fulfills the requirements of the domestic market, although for nearly ten years it has also exported its domestic market, although for nearly ten years it has also exported its products. products.

Nearly 99% of textile industries in Ludhiana are small scale. The Nearly 99% of textile industries in Ludhiana are small scale. The Ludhiana textile industryLudhiana textile industry has about 10,000 industrial units, comprising has about 10,000 industrial units, comprising of exporters, brand producers and high-scale manufacturers. The industry of exporters, brand producers and high-scale manufacturers. The industry employs more than five hundred thousand skilled workers. The textile employs more than five hundred thousand skilled workers. The textile industry of Ludhiana thus provides employment to many people. It is also industry of Ludhiana thus provides employment to many people. It is also the backbone of Ludhiana’s economy. Ludhiana textile has been dressing the backbone of Ludhiana’s economy. Ludhiana textile has been dressing up India for a long time now. up India for a long time now.

PanipatPanipat The city of Panipat located in the state of Haryana is a major producer of woolen home textile The city of Panipat located in the state of Haryana is a major producer of woolen home textile

products. products. The The Panja durriesPanja durries produced in Panipat are famous the world over. These durries were produced in Panipat are famous the world over. These durries were

initially made by rural women as part of dowry for their daughters. initially made by rural women as part of dowry for their daughters. The Panipat home textile industry has now grown to the extent that it earns a turnover of The Panipat home textile industry has now grown to the extent that it earns a turnover of

nearly nearly Rs. 3000 crore per annumRs. 3000 crore per annum.. The easy availability of The easy availability of raw materials and economiesraw materials and economies of scale leading to low cost of of scale leading to low cost of

production are the major factors which have led to the development of Panipat as a major production are the major factors which have led to the development of Panipat as a major production and export hub for home textiles. production and export hub for home textiles.

It has also developed as a sourcing It has also developed as a sourcing hub for raw materialhub for raw material for home textiles. for home textiles. Producers in Panipat have of late started experimenting with different fabrics such as Producers in Panipat have of late started experimenting with different fabrics such as

polyester, silk and poly silkpolyester, silk and poly silk. . Some producers have also started the use of Some producers have also started the use of natural fabrics such as bamboo and soya. natural fabrics such as bamboo and soya. LimitationsLimitations which prevent it from reaching its full potential lack of which prevent it from reaching its full potential lack of mechanization and mechanization and

skilled manpowerskilled manpower, , lack of proper organization as well as lack of efficient infrastructure lack of proper organization as well as lack of efficient infrastructure facilitiesfacilities..

Palliwal Exports, SPJ Textiles Pvt. Ltd., Mahajan Overseas and Liberty are some of the Palliwal Exports, SPJ Textiles Pvt. Ltd., Mahajan Overseas and Liberty are some of the eminent players in Panipat in terms of home textiles.eminent players in Panipat in terms of home textiles.

Mirzapur and Badhohi:Mirzapur and Badhohi: Mirzapur and Badhohi are Mirzapur and Badhohi are small cities located in Uttar Pradesh, which are major small cities located in Uttar Pradesh, which are major centers for the production of centers for the production of floor coverings and floor coverings and carpetscarpets..

The collective turnover of the two cities is around The collective turnover of the two cities is around Rs. 2000 crore. Rs. 2000 crore.

Being small cities, Mirzapur and Badhohi Being small cities, Mirzapur and Badhohi have have infrastructural problems such as poor roads, lack infrastructural problems such as poor roads, lack of reliable power supply and lack of hotel of reliable power supply and lack of hotel facilities, due to which they have not been able to facilities, due to which they have not been able to achieve growth to their optimum potential. achieve growth to their optimum potential.

Western IndiaWestern India AhemdabadAhemdabad The The ArvindArvind Mills Mills is a major company that processes is a major company that processes denimdenim for for jeansjeans worldwide. worldwide. This industry has proved a great boon for the people of Ahmedabad due to its situation near the This industry has proved a great boon for the people of Ahmedabad due to its situation near the SabarmatiSabarmati

river; as such the water required for the textile industry is easily available.river; as such the water required for the textile industry is easily available. The black soil found abundantly in The black soil found abundantly in GujaratGujarat is best suited for the cultivation of cotton which is mostly is best suited for the cultivation of cotton which is mostly

required for the industry. required for the industry. Another major company in Ahemdabad is Ashima group. Another major company in Ahemdabad is Ashima group. Electricity and cheap labour are available in abundance. Ahmedabad stands very near to the sea and as Electricity and cheap labour are available in abundance. Ahmedabad stands very near to the sea and as

such export and import becomes easy. Because of its booming textile industry, Ahmedabad is also known such export and import becomes easy. Because of its booming textile industry, Ahmedabad is also known as "The Manchester of world "as "The Manchester of world "

Surat -Surat -   Surat textile industry has grown considerably over time. As the information the recent figure, textile Surat textile industry has grown considerably over time. As the information the recent figure, textile

production in Surat has grown by 10% in the last 5 yearsproduction in Surat has grown by 10% in the last 5 years The textile market in Surat exports its beautifully ornamented saris to the Middle East countries. The The textile market in Surat exports its beautifully ornamented saris to the Middle East countries. The

international market demands more improvisations in the designs of the saris. international market demands more improvisations in the designs of the saris. The synthetic hub in Surat weaves around 900 crore meters of fabric worth Rs 15,000 crore per annum. The synthetic hub in Surat weaves around 900 crore meters of fabric worth Rs 15,000 crore per annum.

Around 80% of it in the form of sarees and dress material are supplied to the key markets like Maharashtra, Around 80% of it in the form of sarees and dress material are supplied to the key markets like Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Cochin, Punjab and Delhi.Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Cochin, Punjab and Delhi.

SolapurSolapur Is the biggest manufacturer of zone of bed sheets, towels . ExportIs the biggest manufacturer of zone of bed sheets, towels . Export

Mumbai Mumbai Mumbai:Mumbai: Mumbai, previously Bombay, the large metropolis and the capital of Maharashtra, Mumbai, previously Bombay, the large metropolis and the capital of Maharashtra,

is also one of the major production and export centres for textiles & apparels. is also one of the major production and export centres for textiles & apparels. Source raw materialSource raw material from places such as Karur, Salem, Erode and Bengalooru (previously from places such as Karur, Salem, Erode and Bengalooru (previously

Bangalore) and add value to it. Bangalore) and add value to it. Home textile producers from Mumbai are popular the world over for their Home textile producers from Mumbai are popular the world over for their unique and unique and

innovative productsinnovative products.. Being one of the largest cities of India, it has the benefits of Being one of the largest cities of India, it has the benefits of skilled labor availability and skilled labor availability and

efficient infrastructure.efficient infrastructure. Due to the Due to the availability of technology,availability of technology, these producers are able to produce large quantities of these producers are able to produce large quantities of

products of the desired quality, within the desired time. products of the desired quality, within the desired time. Being located very Being located very near to a portnear to a port, the producers of Mumbai are able to export goods easily , the producers of Mumbai are able to export goods easily

and give delivery to clients within shorter lead times. and give delivery to clients within shorter lead times. On account of the high operating costs in Mumbai, several producers have established plants On account of the high operating costs in Mumbai, several producers have established plants

in surrounding areas like in surrounding areas like Vapi and SolapurVapi and Solapur. Those producers who have set up their plants in . Those producers who have set up their plants in Mumbai have huge plants so as to get the benefits of scale. Mumbai have huge plants so as to get the benefits of scale.

The textile producers in The textile producers in Mumbai have carved out a niche for themselves, particularly in Mumbai have carved out a niche for themselves, particularly in Alok, Siyaram and S.Kumars are the major players in the field of home textiles in Alok, Siyaram and S.Kumars are the major players in the field of home textiles in Mumbai.Mumbai.

Southern IndiaSouthern India BangaloreBangalore Bangalore is also known as the 'Garment capital' of India. Karnataka, and Bangalore is also known as the 'Garment capital' of India. Karnataka, and

especially Bangalore hosts many big garment companies. especially Bangalore hosts many big garment companies. The Textile industry has been asking for textile parks on the lines of IT parks. The Textile industry has been asking for textile parks on the lines of IT parks. A lot of brands, Jobwork , conversion for various foreign brands and retail chains A lot of brands, Jobwork , conversion for various foreign brands and retail chains

head offices have been set up in bangalorehead offices have been set up in bangalore Bengalooru:Bengalooru: Bengalooru, previously Bangalore, is the capital city of Karnataka. Bengalooru, previously Bangalore, is the capital city of Karnataka. It has emerged as a manufacturing and export hub for home textiles, It has emerged as a manufacturing and export hub for home textiles, especially in especially in

silk.silk. Bengalooru is largely engaged in the production of fabric, Bengalooru is largely engaged in the production of fabric, which is mainly done which is mainly done

using power looms.using power looms. This fabric is then sourced to other parts of India for value additionThis fabric is then sourced to other parts of India for value addition . . On account of the high price of pure silk, producers in Bengalooru are now On account of the high price of pure silk, producers in Bengalooru are now

experimenting with fabrics such as experimenting with fabrics such as artificial silk, wool silk and cotton silk among artificial silk, wool silk and cotton silk among otherother fabrics. fabrics.

The producers in Bengalooru get the benefit of modern technology and efficient The producers in Bengalooru get the benefit of modern technology and efficient infrastructure, as is the case with large cities. infrastructure, as is the case with large cities.

Karur:Karur: It is especially known for the production of It is especially known for the production of pillow covers, bedspreads as pillow covers, bedspreads as

well as kitchen and table linen. well as kitchen and table linen. Karur mainly produces cotton home textiles by way of Karur mainly produces cotton home textiles by way of hand looms,hand looms, while while

power looms are gradually being accepted. power looms are gradually being accepted. The traders of Karur are largely engaged in the The traders of Karur are largely engaged in the supply of home textile supply of home textile

rawraw material throughout India, the major markets being Delhi, Panipat and material throughout India, the major markets being Delhi, Panipat and Mumbai among others.Mumbai among others.

Some of them are engaged in exports. Some of them are engaged in exports. On account of large scale production, Karur On account of large scale production, Karur gets the benefit of reduced gets the benefit of reduced

costscosts. This, together with the . This, together with the exceptional quality of its productsexceptional quality of its products, has , has enabled it to carve out a niche for itself in the production of home textiles. enabled it to carve out a niche for itself in the production of home textiles. The turnover of the town was recently noted to be around The turnover of the town was recently noted to be around Rs.3000 croreRs.3000 crore. .

Limitations:Limitations: The major drawbacks that the town faces are The major drawbacks that the town faces are lack of proper lack of proper roads, lack of availability of skilled manpower, lack of communication roads, lack of availability of skilled manpower, lack of communication skills, shortage of good hotels and lack of organization, which limit skills, shortage of good hotels and lack of organization, which limit growth to the full potential.growth to the full potential.

The home textile producers of Karur specialize in certain finishes, such as The home textile producers of Karur specialize in certain finishes, such as PVA, starch, stain repellent, water repellent and silicon finish.PVA, starch, stain repellent, water repellent and silicon finish.

Some producers have begun the use of Some producers have begun the use of organic cottonorganic cotton and the use of and the use of different fabrics such as polyester, silk and poly cotton. different fabrics such as polyester, silk and poly cotton.

Cannanore:Cannanore: Cannanore, located in South India, is another hub that is well Cannanore, located in South India, is another hub that is well known for the production of home textiles. known for the production of home textiles.

About 60% of the textile production done in this area is home textile.About 60% of the textile production done in this area is home textile. The home textile industry of Cannanore has an annual turnover of Rs. 300 The home textile industry of Cannanore has an annual turnover of Rs. 300

crore. crore. In spite of Karur and Cannanore being located close together In spite of Karur and Cannanore being located close together

geographically, there is a notable difference between the products geographically, there is a notable difference between the products manufactured in the two places. manufactured in the two places.

The water that is available in Cannanore has special properties, due to The water that is available in Cannanore has special properties, due to which the fabric produced here has a different kind of shine and lookwhich the fabric produced here has a different kind of shine and look . .

Home textile producers in Cannanore are beginning to use fabrics such as Home textile producers in Cannanore are beginning to use fabrics such as cotton viscose, silk and cottoncotton viscose, silk and cotton. Producers here are also adding value with . Producers here are also adding value with the help of the help of embroidery, bead work and sequin work. embroidery, bead work and sequin work.

Tiruchirapalli ,Madurai, Tiruchirapalli ,Madurai, Chennai:Chennai: Chennai is the fourth largest metropolitan city in Chennai is the fourth largest metropolitan city in India and is the capital of Tamilnadu. India and is the capital of Tamilnadu.

It has emerged as a major production and export hub for textiles & apparel.It has emerged as a major production and export hub for textiles & apparel. Being well connected with other parts of the world through road, air and water, Being well connected with other parts of the world through road, air and water,

Chennai does not face the limitations as the other hubs do. Chennai does not face the limitations as the other hubs do. Moreover, being a metropolis, it has good infrastructural facilities and latest Moreover, being a metropolis, it has good infrastructural facilities and latest

technology.technology. It is comparatively easier to obtain skilled manpower and intellectual designers. It is comparatively easier to obtain skilled manpower and intellectual designers. Home textile producers in Home textile producers in Chennai usually source rawChennai usually source raw materials from Karur,materials from Karur, to to

which value addition is undertaken.which value addition is undertaken. These producers are able to deliver better quality products within a shorter These producers are able to deliver better quality products within a shorter

period of time with the benefit of technology and the services of experts.period of time with the benefit of technology and the services of experts. Several of these producers are also engaged in the export of home textiles. Several of these producers are also engaged in the export of home textiles. BKS Textiles and ADJ Textiles are two major players in home textiles in this area.BKS Textiles and ADJ Textiles are two major players in home textiles in this area.

CoimbatoreCoimbatore The third largest city of the state, Coimbatore,is one The third largest city of the state, Coimbatore,is one

of the most industrialized cities in Tamil Nadu, of the most industrialized cities in Tamil Nadu, known as the textile capital of South India or the known as the textile capital of South India or the Manchester of the South, Manchester of the South,

Coimbatore is well known for its textile industries Coimbatore is well known for its textile industries and has excellent potential for industrial growth. and has excellent potential for industrial growth.

There are more than 25,000 small, medium, large sale There are more than 25,000 small, medium, large sale industries and textile mill. industries and textile mill.

Known as the Manchester of south India due to its Known as the Manchester of south India due to its vibrant textile industry. The region's textile industry vibrant textile industry. The region's textile industry is on a massive expansion mode and fresh is on a massive expansion mode and fresh investments to the tune of Rs.1500crores are in the investments to the tune of Rs.1500crores are in the pipeline pipeline

ErodeErode Erode is the major business in the city. Erode is the major business in the city. Erode is well known for marketing of handloom, power-loom and ready-made garments and Erode is well known for marketing of handloom, power-loom and ready-made garments and

textiles.textiles. Loomed products are marketed here in bulk. Loomed products are marketed here in bulk. Erode produces about 47% of state's total textile needs. Erode occupies many textile markets, Erode produces about 47% of state's total textile needs. Erode occupies many textile markets,

among which Gani Market in PS Park, is the biggest one. among which Gani Market in PS Park, is the biggest one. Merchants from all over India participate in this. Merchants from all over India participate in this. The market opens on Monday evening and closes on Tuesday morning, and mean-whiles it The market opens on Monday evening and closes on Tuesday morning, and mean-whiles it

takes a turn-over of about 5-6 Crores of Indian Rupees. takes a turn-over of about 5-6 Crores of Indian Rupees. Behind this, the other textile markets in the city are open for all days sri amman dying works Behind this, the other textile markets in the city are open for all days sri amman dying works

Mr.E.V.Muthusamy is also a senior master of dying works. Mr.E.V.Muthusamy is also a senior master of dying works. Most of the people involved in textiles are migrants from Most of the people involved in textiles are migrants from U.P.U.P., , BiharBihar, , RajasthanRajasthan. There exist . There exist

over 1000 such families in Erode. over 1000 such families in Erode. One would find most of their offices in areas like N.M.S Compound, Thirunagar Colony and One would find most of their offices in areas like N.M.S Compound, Thirunagar Colony and

Indra Nagar.Indra Nagar. Power-Loom, Hand-Loom were major occupation in this area, producing a lot of textile Power-Loom, Hand-Loom were major occupation in this area, producing a lot of textile

goods.goods. Salem – A lot of people form Erode have migrated to Salem due to its close proximitySalem – A lot of people form Erode have migrated to Salem due to its close proximity

TirupurTirupur is a is a textiletextile citycity located on the banks of located on the banks of NoyyalNoyyal River River. It is the administrative headquarters of the . It is the administrative headquarters of the Tirupur districtTirupur district Tirupur is a textile hub and a vast generator of employment for unskilled temporary workers. Tirupur is a textile hub and a vast generator of employment for unskilled temporary workers. Tirupur has gained universal recognition as the leading source of Hosiery, Knitted Garments, Casual Wear and Sportswear. Tirupur has gained universal recognition as the leading source of Hosiery, Knitted Garments, Casual Wear and Sportswear.

Tirupur has emerged as the knitwear capital of the country in three decades Tirupur has emerged as the knitwear capital of the country in three decades Tirupur --- Fastest Growing Industrial CityTirupur --- Fastest Growing Industrial City Tirupur has the largest and fastest growing urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu. Tirupur stands as the life for millions of Tirupur has the largest and fastest growing urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu. Tirupur stands as the life for millions of

people in Tamil Nadu. The knitwear industry which is the soul of Tiruppur has created millions of jobs for all class of people. people in Tamil Nadu. The knitwear industry which is the soul of Tiruppur has created millions of jobs for all class of people. There are nearly about 3000 sewing units,450 knitting units, hundreds of dyeing units and other ancillary units which are un-There are nearly about 3000 sewing units,450 knitting units, hundreds of dyeing units and other ancillary units which are un-countable.countable.

The annual for-ex business for the past year 2008 stands at Rs. 8,000 crore. Due to the climate and availability of raw material The annual for-ex business for the past year 2008 stands at Rs. 8,000 crore. Due to the climate and availability of raw material and work force Tiruppur has had made a large contribution to the export of knitwear garments. Vellakoil is coming under this and work force Tiruppur has had made a large contribution to the export of knitwear garments. Vellakoil is coming under this district only.district only.

[7][7] [[editedit] International Brands] International Brands It is called the Knits Capital of India as it caters to famous brands retailers from all over the world. Nearly every international It is called the Knits Capital of India as it caters to famous brands retailers from all over the world. Nearly every international

knitwear brand in the world has a strong production share from Tirupur.knitwear brand in the world has a strong production share from Tirupur. It has a wide range of factories which export all types of Knits fabrics and supply garments for Kids, Ladies, Men's garments - It has a wide range of factories which export all types of Knits fabrics and supply garments for Kids, Ladies, Men's garments -

both underwear and tops. The city is known for its both underwear and tops. The city is known for its hosieryhosiery exports and provides employment for about 300,000 people.[ exports and provides employment for about 300,000 people.[citationcitation needed needed]]

Some of the world's largest retailers including C&A, Some of the world's largest retailers including C&A, Switcher SASwitcher SA, Walmart, Primark, Switcher, Diesel, ARMY, Tommy , Walmart, Primark, Switcher, Diesel, ARMY, Tommy Hilfiger, M&S, FILA, Respect, H&M, HTHP, Whale, Reebok import many textiles items and clothing from Tirupur city. A Hilfiger, M&S, FILA, Respect, H&M, HTHP, Whale, Reebok import many textiles items and clothing from Tirupur city. A large market for export reject pieces also exists centred in the Khaderpet locality close to the railway station.large market for export reject pieces also exists centred in the Khaderpet locality close to the railway station.

Recently in 2010 , PGC Industries (export wing as PremDurai Exports ) acquired controlling interest in Switcher Holding SA Recently in 2010 , PGC Industries (export wing as PremDurai Exports ) acquired controlling interest in Switcher Holding SA (Switzerland) which is the top T-Shirt brand of Switzerland.(Switzerland) which is the top T-Shirt brand of Switzerland.

Extra Material for Innovative or Smart FabricsExtra Material for Innovative or Smart Fabrics

Innovations in Fibers, Textiles and Innovations in Fibers, Textiles and Apparels :Apparels :

Innovations enable a company to differentiate its products and take competitive advantage in the Innovations enable a company to differentiate its products and take competitive advantage in the market. Many innovations have been made in the field of textile manufacturing: market. Many innovations have been made in the field of textile manufacturing:

Fire Resistant textileFire Resistant textile protects human skin from flames and heat, hot gases and vapors. These are protects human skin from flames and heat, hot gases and vapors. These are used in industries like aerospace, construction, defense, fire fighting, engineering, mining etc. used in industries like aerospace, construction, defense, fire fighting, engineering, mining etc.

Smart or Intelligent textiles can think for themselvesSmart or Intelligent textiles can think for themselves . They can sense and react to external . They can sense and react to external conditions and also retain the aesthetic and technical properties of textile material. They are used to conditions and also retain the aesthetic and technical properties of textile material. They are used to measure strain, temperature, pressure, electric currents, magnetic fields, etc. in defense, aerospace, measure strain, temperature, pressure, electric currents, magnetic fields, etc. in defense, aerospace, science and research, nuclear plants etc. science and research, nuclear plants etc.

Ultra-fine textiles use tightly woven fabricsUltra-fine textiles use tightly woven fabrics which have high resistance to dust, water and wind. which have high resistance to dust, water and wind. They also have extremely soft look and are used in manufacture of They also have extremely soft look and are used in manufacture of fashion garmentsfashion garments like suede suits like suede suits etc. They are also used in medicinal field for making bandages, sheets, patients' etc. They are also used in medicinal field for making bandages, sheets, patients' gownsgowns, , curtainscurtains and and bedsheetsbedsheets. .

Electronic textiles or e-textilesElectronic textiles or e-textiles are used for manufacturing fabrics that have electronic are used for manufacturing fabrics that have electronic interconnections within them. These clothings measure blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature interconnections within them. These clothings measure blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature etc. and relay the data to a computer, cellphone or other device that could signal for help if the etc. and relay the data to a computer, cellphone or other device that could signal for help if the wearer experiences a health problem. Another variation of it may have an MP3 player fitted in it. wearer experiences a health problem. Another variation of it may have an MP3 player fitted in it.

Nano fibersNano fibers are used for manufacturing protective suits for police, defense, fire fighters etc. These are used for manufacturing protective suits for police, defense, fire fighters etc. These fibers are the finest fibers in the world and have better mechanical properties than any micro fibers fibers are the finest fibers in the world and have better mechanical properties than any micro fibers made of the same material. made of the same material.

Abrasion resistant fabricsAbrasion resistant fabrics can resist injury, erosion, scratch, extreme weather etc. They are used in can resist injury, erosion, scratch, extreme weather etc. They are used in defense, fire fighting, marine, automotive, glass manufacturing, engineering etc. defense, fire fighting, marine, automotive, glass manufacturing, engineering etc.

Adhesives fabricsAdhesives fabrics ensure a long-lasting bonding between various elements and are used in ensure a long-lasting bonding between various elements and are used in industries like aerospace, automobile, automotive, water fabrication, IT, electrical, metalworks, industries like aerospace, automobile, automotive, water fabrication, IT, electrical, metalworks, construction, aviation etc. construction, aviation etc.

Anti allergic and Anti Bacterial textilesAnti allergic and Anti Bacterial textiles can reduce all types of bacterial, fungal allergies like colds and can reduce all types of bacterial, fungal allergies like colds and flues and improve sleep, meditation and relaxation, increases lung capacity, absorption of Vitamins B and flues and improve sleep, meditation and relaxation, increases lung capacity, absorption of Vitamins B and C, relieves from migraine, respiratory tracks and nose disorders, stress, etc. C, relieves from migraine, respiratory tracks and nose disorders, stress, etc.

Anti Magnetic textiles and Anti Radiation fabricsAnti Magnetic textiles and Anti Radiation fabrics offer protection against magnetic pull in areas with offer protection against magnetic pull in areas with active magnetic field and from Ultra Violet radiations. These textiles are used in industries such as active magnetic field and from Ultra Violet radiations. These textiles are used in industries such as aerospace, aviation, petrochemical, textile, electronics, machinery and environment protection.. aerospace, aviation, petrochemical, textile, electronics, machinery and environment protection..

Anti-static textileAnti-static textile prevents damage to electrical components, fires and explosions when working with prevents damage to electrical components, fires and explosions when working with flammable liquids and gases. flammable liquids and gases.

Multifunctional TextilesMultifunctional Textiles include many properties in one product. These may include functionalities include many properties in one product. These may include functionalities including waterproof , soil repellent, fire resistance, wrinkle free, anti-U and antistatic finishing and other including waterproof , soil repellent, fire resistance, wrinkle free, anti-U and antistatic finishing and other qualities as well. qualities as well.

Auxetic textilesAuxetic textiles get fatter when stretched and narrower when compressed. These are used for making get fatter when stretched and narrower when compressed. These are used for making Personal Protection Clothing, filtration, Mechanical Lungs, Ropes, Cords & Personal Protection Clothing, filtration, Mechanical Lungs, Ropes, Cords & NetsNets, Medical Bandages, , Medical Bandages, Fibrous Seals etc. Fibrous Seals etc.

Insulating textilesInsulating textiles can keep away cold and damp moisture in extreme climatic conditions. These are used can keep away cold and damp moisture in extreme climatic conditions. These are used in manufacture of garments for areas which have temperature below 0 degree Celsius- Mountaineering in manufacture of garments for areas which have temperature below 0 degree Celsius- Mountaineering apparel, Defense uniforms, Astronaut costumes etc. apparel, Defense uniforms, Astronaut costumes etc.

Luminescent and reflective textilesLuminescent and reflective textiles can absorb and store light energy when exposed to natural and can absorb and store light energy when exposed to natural and artificial light sources such as sunlight, U.V. or fluorescent light and continuously emit stored energy in a artificial light sources such as sunlight, U.V. or fluorescent light and continuously emit stored energy in a form of visible light. These textiles are used as safety wear for fire men, traffic men and other personnel form of visible light. These textiles are used as safety wear for fire men, traffic men and other personnel and for making warning boards or strips in industries like construction, electrical, mechanical etc. and for making warning boards or strips in industries like construction, electrical, mechanical etc.

Shape memory polymerShape memory polymer is a significant innovation in the textile and garment industry. These intelligent is a significant innovation in the textile and garment industry. These intelligent textiles can remember their original shape and return to it after heat treatment like washing or treatment textiles can remember their original shape and return to it after heat treatment like washing or treatment with steam. They can be used for textile finishing, fiber and film-making and in industries like defense and with steam. They can be used for textile finishing, fiber and film-making and in industries like defense and aerospace. aerospace.

Soluble textilesSoluble textiles can dissolve in water at temperature ranging from 37 to 40 degree C depending on their can dissolve in water at temperature ranging from 37 to 40 degree C depending on their composition. They are sterile hygienic materials used to protect patients and medical staff from infections, composition. They are sterile hygienic materials used to protect patients and medical staff from infections, surgical garments and drapes, face masks and shoe covers, food industry including food science, surgical garments and drapes, face masks and shoe covers, food industry including food science, agriculture, ceramics, paper and ink technology and explosives. agriculture, ceramics, paper and ink technology and explosives.

Apart from the above innovations many other new textiles have been introduced in Apart from the above innovations many other new textiles have been introduced in the market. Bio-textiles, fitted with certain enzymes, genetically engineered the market. Bio-textiles, fitted with certain enzymes, genetically engineered microorganisms or vitamins etc. have medicinal, therapeutic and protective microorganisms or vitamins etc. have medicinal, therapeutic and protective characteristics. These are useful in medical and defense industries. Cleansing characteristics. These are useful in medical and defense industries. Cleansing textiles are used for domestic, industrial, nuclear plants purposes and also in textiles are used for domestic, industrial, nuclear plants purposes and also in cosmetic for making skin cleansing tissues and wipes and in automobiles as dust cosmetic for making skin cleansing tissues and wipes and in automobiles as dust mapping dusters. Deodorizing or Odor absorbing textiles absorb liquids and even mapping dusters. Deodorizing or Odor absorbing textiles absorb liquids and even gases. These are used for making gases. These are used for making sports wearsports wear, under garments, , under garments, sockssocks, curtains, , curtains, sheets etc. for hospitals and hotels. Anti Ballistic Textiles are used in Defense, sheets etc. for hospitals and hotels. Anti Ballistic Textiles are used in Defense, Police, Fire Fighting, Aerospace & Aviation etc. as protection textiles against Police, Fire Fighting, Aerospace & Aviation etc. as protection textiles against heavy impact, bullets, stabbing etc. Waterproof textiles are resistant to water and heavy impact, bullets, stabbing etc. Waterproof textiles are resistant to water and are used in marine and related industries, water sports, sails, protective garments, are used in marine and related industries, water sports, sails, protective garments, umbrellasumbrellas, packaging material, field covers for cricket matches etc. Windproof , packaging material, field covers for cricket matches etc. Windproof textiles are used in making wind-sheeters and jackets for bikers, in defense and textiles are used in making wind-sheeters and jackets for bikers, in defense and aerospace industries for making special uniforms, and in manufacture of sports aerospace industries for making special uniforms, and in manufacture of sports wear for adventure sports. wear for adventure sports.