Buses with High Level of Service Fundamental characteristics and recommendations 

for decision‐making and research 

EU‐COST Action TU 0630Mellanstatligt vetenskapligt och tekniskt samarbete inom FP7

Certu & Nantes Metropole leading partnersi fi i k d kVinnova finansierar svensk medverkan

Bjerkemo Konsult

Sven‐Allan BjerkemoTransportforum Linköping 100113

www.cost.esf.eu

Courtesy Francois Rambaud CERTU

What is Certu ?What is Certu ?

Centre for studies on urban planning, transportation and public facilities

AgencyAgency of the French Ministry of Ecology, sustainable Development and Spatial Planning

Capitalizes,Capitalizes, developsdevelops andand disseminatesdisseminates

Planning

knowledgeknowledge andand methodologiesmethodologies on a widevariety of urban issues

ForFor local government agencies, local authorities, institutes and companies which are involved in public service activities

3 Courtesy Francois Rambaud CERTU

European overview of BHLS

In 2007 Certu and the city of Nantes launched a group of experts

14 countries + UITP involved during 4 years (2007-2011)Sharing experiences, Best Practices Recommendations for decisions-makers and research

About 50 systems in the world, about 40 more

l d N t ll f ll BRTplanned. Not all full BRT or BHLS

Involved countries

Bus with High Level of ServiceCourtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

How we see american BRT from EuropeVery high capacity system, speed and long trips

Demand and space to build « highways for buses »

System approach: not only a rolling stock– merely surface Metro systems

Ottawa (Canada)

Different prerequisitiesDifferent prerequisitiesNorth Amercia: Cost effectivnessSouth America, Indonesia: High masstransport demand low driver coststransport demand, low driver costs

Transmilenio in Bogota (Colombia)

Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

Which context in Europe for BHLS ?

Trains, metro and tramway already deliver the mass transit function

Dense cities with narrow streets

The « at-grade » urbanism, integration

Metro in Madrid (Spain)

Need to fill the gap between regular bus and tramway – « the pyramid perspective »

( p )

Focus on• reliability/regularity,• accessibilityy• comfort and urban quality

Tramway in Lyon (France)Tramway in Lyon (France)

Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

BHLS in France Trams

Rebirth of tramways between 1985 and 2008 : 400 km of tramwayAdditional 350 km planned by 2013Additional 350 km planned by 2013

91 km BHLS in operation91 km BHLS in operation234 km of urban BHLS planned by 2014Important where tramway profitability is questioned (< 2500 pass/h/direction)Also for suburban transport: Bhls

Experiment A48 in GrenobleCourtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

TEOR in Rouen in 2001/2007 :a way to enhance streets/urban quality y q y

B f AftBefore After

• Vehicules: moderns, comfortable• Infrastructure: dedicated lanes

The TEOR/BHLS System:Infrastructure: dedicated lanes

• Stations: accesibility, guided docking• ITS: ticketing, information• Operation: crossroad priority guidance• Operation: crossroad priority, guidance• Image, communication: special name, logo

Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

TEOR Transport Est - Ouest Rouennaise

0,4 M inhabitants

3 lines = 30 km

13 km reserved laneslanes

5,5 M€/km

Frequency 6Frequency 6 min/line in peak hours

A S d 17 25Av. Speed: 17,25 km/h

45 000 pass./day

Courtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

Nantes Busway® 2006Ombyggd motorvägsinfart, särskilda bussar, stadsutvecklingsprojektKomplett systemlösning; P+R, fordon, info, tillgänglighet, stadsmiljö

The Busway® line 4 in Nantes 2006 : « the bus as the tramway »y

0,6 M inh., 0,3 M empl.

24 communes

190 PT trips/inh./year

3 tramlines: 42 km

Line 4: 7 km

15 stationsPlace Foch

Hô tel Dieu

7 M€/km

4 P+R 1100 cars

Goudy

TrentemoultRoquios

Trentemoult

Chapeau Verni

Greneraie 20/21 biogas buses Bi-articulated planned

F 4/3 5 i PHBourdonni ères

Portede Vertou

Freq.: 4/3,5 min PH

Av. speed: 21 km/h

24 600 /d24 600 pass./day

Courtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

Triskell Lorient 2007

Buss- och cykelgata genom rondell medgenom rondell med väjningsplikt för bilar

”Circular junctions, not roundabouts!”

”Virtuell bussgata” –signalprioritet även för g pbilar så bussen kommer först …

Triskell Lorient 2007:the BHLS concept adapted to smaller citiesthe BHLS concept adapted to smaller cities

New city bridge for buses, cycling, walking.

190 000 inh. Cap Lorient19 communities

Triskell (old Celtic sign), 1st phase:4,6 km, 15 stations19 communities

21 bus lines89 trips/inh/yearPolycentric, three branches

31 M€, 6.7 M€/kmBus priority, savings 2-7 min/lineRed-paved linear dedicated lanesPolycentric, three branches

connected in a small, dense area Flat surface, all stations alikeReadability

SpainM d id HOV lMadrid HOV lanes

Madrid region = 6 M Inhabitants 12,5 km in operation in A6 pProgram of 200 km in 6 radial highwaysThe HOV concept not else in Europe !

Moncloa HOV interchange

M d id MB ( i l l )

Moncloa HOV interchange

Madrid MBus (regional plan)First investments based on metroProgram of 4 lines – 40 km, 585 M€g

Castellon (Valencia Region)0 3 M inhabitants0,3 M inhabitants The 1st urban BHLS in Spain (2008)20 km when finishedOptical guidance system (Civis)

Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

Netherlands12 bus systems may be called « BHLS »

Zuidtangent (2001)Amsterdam = 1,5 M inh.42 km tangential line (as TVM in Paris)42 km, tangential line (as TVM in Paris)1,9 km between stops35 km/h40 000 pass/day (+ 15%/year)

Eindhoven (2005)0 4 M inh0,4 M inh.18 km Phileas (magnetic guidance)

Almere (« new towns »)0,2 M inhab.There are still more new PT-suburbs

Utrecht (2002)Utrecht (2002)0,3 M inhab.Double-articulated bus

Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

Germany

3 bus systems which may be called « BHLS »

« MetroBusse » in Hamburg (2005)1 7 M i h1,7 M inh.Bi-articulated buses15 km – 60 000 trips/dayp y60% exclusive running ways (former tram)

Essen O bahn (started 1980)Essen O-bahn (started 1980)0,5 M inh.4 kmKerb guidance system with rollers

Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

SuperCAM, världens längsta busstråk, 40 km varav 23,5 km bussbana

United KingdomDeregulation -> difficult to integrate lines fares and informationDeregulation -> difficult to integrate lines, fares and informationQuality Bus Corridor (QBC), reserved lanes, quality vehicles & stops

QBC in Manchester 280 km, 120 M€Focus on bus stops (1st contact)Focus on bus stops (1st contact)2000 -> 2013Reflection on guidance & vehicle

Partially segregated BHLSLeeds Superbus (0,4M. inh., 2 km 1995/1998)Edinburgh Fastlink (0,4M. inh., 8 km 2004)Kent Fastrack (14 km route 6 km dedicated 2006Kent Fastrack (14 km route - 6 km dedicated 2006, new HST station Ebbsfleet 2007)Crawley Fastway Gatwick (0,1 M. inh., 24 km route

6 km dedicated 2003/2006)– 6 km dedicated 2003/2006)

Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU. See also Bjerkemo/Vinnova VR 2007:03

IrelandQBC in Dublin (started 1997)

1,2 M inh.200 km > 400 km200 km -> 400 km55 to 80 M€/yearBus modal split 41% -> 57%

Bus and bicycle lanes consequentlyconsequently

Dublin O’Connel Street, 1700 buses a day (mostly Volvo)

Italy

Concept of LAM (Linea Alta Mobilita)Prato (0 2 M inh ) Brescia (0 2 M inh )Prato (0,2 M inh.), Brescia (0,2 M inh.), Pisa (0,09 M inh.)Not as thorough as previous presented12 to 50 % reserved lanes12 to 50 % reserved lanes4 to 8 min. frequency during PHIdentification (travel map, colour)

TrendsInsufficient knowledge, operatorsM i 6 k Ci i Phil tMessina : 6 km, Civis or Phileas systemBologna : 20 km, 250 M€, Civis, mixed with tramway

Courtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

To Sum Up,

Organisation of this COST action (TU 603)In co operation

WG4 Social, economical issues and

WG1 Infrastructure

WG2 Rolling-stock

WG3 Operating issues

In co-operation with UITP, EBSFEuropean Bus System of the issues and

networkingWP1 State of the art

Identification of best practices case st dies regarding the s stem

yFutureBRT World-wide

WP2 Analysis of the state of the art

- Identification of best practices, case studies regarding the system h

WG reports for each WG topic

WP3 Recommendations

WP4 Dissemination

WG reports for each WG topic – final report

- Web site – final conference Picture courtesy by Francois Rambaud CERTU

To find out more:www bhls eu www bhns fr www certu frwww.bhls.eu, www.bhns.fr , www.certu.fr

BHLS – Concept and recommendations (Certu 2005) – Practical advice

BHLS – From the choice of the system to the implementation (to be published)y p ( p )

Executive summary on the relevance of tramway/BHLS (to be published)

Thanks for Your Attention!

Bjerkemo KonsultBjerkemo KonsultTransportation Planning, Public TransportSustainable & Integrated Transport Strategies

Hubertusv. 29 S-226 53 LUND Sweden+46 46 211 51 00, mobile +46 70 593 10 81bjerkemo.konsult@swipnet.se

20041994

20042005 2005

2005 2007 2007 2008

International BRT definitions:International BRT definitions:Levinson et al.Bus Rapid Transit - Implementation GuidelinesBus Rapid Transit Implementation GuidelinesTCRP Report 90-Volume II

• “A flexible, high performance rapid transit mode that• combines a variety of physical operating and system elements into• combines a variety of physical, operating and system elements into• a permanently integrated system with a• quality image and unique identity.”

BRT Planning Guide (IDTP 2007):

• A high-quality bus based transit system that• delivers fast, comfortable, and cost-effective urban mobility through • the provision of segregated right-of-way infrastructure,p g g g y• rapid and frequent operations and• excellence in marketing and customer service.

Bjerkemo Konsult Vinnova/KTH 080903