Time Session Objective Responsible 9:00 – 9:30 Opening Introductions, preview of the day, and update

from ACU on PSG5 Ahmed Mohamed (ACU) and UNICEF

9:30 – 10:30 What is social protection? Establish general understanding of social protection and how UNICEF supports social protection

Pamela Dale, Social Protection Specialist, UNICEF

10:30 – 10:45 Tea break 11:15 – 12:15 Presentation of social protection

framework report Summary of methods Present key findings on:

Macro level context Vulnerability analysis including trends in

livelihoods; shocks; coping strategies; defining vulnerability including categories

Mapping of SP Enabling environment (governance;

partners; finance)

Gabrielle Smith, Consultant, Development Pathways

12:15 – 1:30 Lunch break 1:30 – 3:30

Recommended program options Discussion to establish joint understanding of the framework options that are applicable to Somalia

Gabrielle Smith

3:30 – 4:00 Tea break 4:00 – 5:00

Priorities and next steps Develop action points/next steps for development of social protection in Somalia

Gabrielle Smith

5:00 – 5:15 Planning for next PSG5 SWG meeting and Closing

Set date and agenda for the next PSG5 SP SWG Pamela Dale

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SESSION 1:WHAT IS SOCIAL PROTECTION?

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What is Social Protection?

UNICEF:

“…the set of public and private policies and programmesaimed at preventing, reducing and eliminating economic

and social vulnerabilities to poverty and deprivation” (UNICEF Global framework 2012)

Vulnerability = Risk of an adverse event, or shock, occurring, + Impact of that shock (defined by the behavioral responses, or

capacity of individuals or households to deal with the shock)

This capacity is determined by access to capital assets and social networks

• Economic vulnerability: negative impact on income or expenditure caused by illness; old age; unemployment; inflation; disaster; etc.

Social vulnerability: risks arising from gender inequality, discrimination and marginalisation

Some correlate with particular stages of the life cycle

Risk and vulnerability are both a cause and a consequence of chronic and transient poverty.

Social Protection is therefore a critical tool in poverty reduction.

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Components and dimensions

Components

• Social assistance ‘safety net’

• Social insurance• Social services• Active labour policies

Components

• Social assistance ‘safety net’

• Social insurance• Social services• Active labour policies

Function

Protection

Prevention

Promotion

Transformation

Function

Protection

Prevention

Promotion

Transformation

20th Century: Europe and the Western “Welfare State”‘Employment protection’, ‘unemployment protection’, ‘wage protection’, ‘social pension’, ‘child benefit’A public service; often largest area of social spending (14% GDP or 1/3 expenditure)

2000s: Central and South America‘Social pension’, ‘conditional cash transfers’ •Mexico Opportunidades: first nation-wide, 2002, 25% of the population•Brasil Bolsa Familia: largest CCT program; ~12m poor HH•Brazil, Bolivia Social Pension

Last 10 years: increased momentum for Cash Transfers in LICs especially Sub Saharan Africa•Old age grants(South Africa, Namibia, Swaziland,

Lesotho, Kenya, Nepal, Uganda…)•Child grants (South Africa, Kenya, Zambia….)•Disability grants (Rwanda…)

A Brief History of Social Protection – Social Transfers

 

• Employment creation schemes (Rwanda, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, India…)

• Poverty targeted (Kenya, Malawi, Zambia)• On going in kind food assistance (humanitarian)

Cash Transfers

Cash based transfers / income support

• Old Age Pension• Widow’s Pension• Child Grant• Disability Grant• Social Cash Transfer• Conditional Cash

Transfer• Public works• Employment creation

• Targeting of individuals or household according to the criteria (e.g. Over 65)

• Registration of eligible individuals or households on to the program

• Regular, predictable cash payments are made at agreed periods (e.g. monthly)

• Payments are collected from convenient pay point (e.g. bank account / post office / mobile payments agent)

• Regular monitoring

• Individuals or households exit from the program when a change of circumstances mean they have reduced risk and vulnerability (eg: become too old; become productively employed)

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Functions of social protection

ProtectionProtection

PreventionPrevention

PromotionPromotion

SpringboardsSpringboards

Safety netsSafety nets

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Social protection as investment

Major

Farming & Assets

Social Livestock

Capital

School fees

Clothes & & Health

Food & Utensils

Groceries

CONSUMPTION INVESTMENT

The cash transfers“spending staircase”

The Case for Social Transfers, especially cash

Zambia: 29% of the SCT was invested in production or enterprises. Households making investments quadrupled from 14% to 50%. 52% of households generated extra income.

Bangladesh: in the Chars Livelihood Programme, a cash and asset transfer programme for ultra-poor women, value of the livestock provided is doubling every 18 months.

Malawi: 50% of SCT recipients reported being more likely to produce crops.

South Africa: households that were recipients of the pension and disability grant in South Africa had labour force participation rates 11-12% higher and employment 8-15% higher.

Lesotho: 18% social pension recipients spent part of pension on creating jobs for others.

Namibia: the social pension has increased the volume of trade for grocery stores, and contributed to the growth of marketing infrastructure and trade nationwide.

Lessons from Global Experience:Livelihood Promotion & Growth

Zambia: Incidence of illnesses reduced from 42.8% to 35% for HH on the SCT

Namibia: Monthly income at the local clinic in the BIG pilot area increased fivefold

South Africa: HH with a pension more likely to have access to flush toilet and piped water

South Africa: household receipt of a pension or child support grant is associated with a 20-25% reduction in the non-attendance gap.

Lesotho: 50% of pensioners spend some of their transfer on education.

Namibia: in the BIG pilot non-attendance due to financial reasons dropped by 42%, and drop-out rates fell from almost 40% to 5% in a year.

Kenya : cash transfers to children increased secondary school enrolment by 8%

Lessons from Global Experience:Human development

Lessons from Global Experience:Social cohesion

Social protection addresses some of the root causes of social exclusion and discrimination.

Countries that have recently emerged from conflict (Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Nepal) have developed social protection to contributes to lasting peace and security and rebuild the social contract between state and citizen.

South Africa: Pensions, disability and child welfare grants have been key elements in citizenship and state building since the end of Apartheid.

Botswana: the social pension is considered the government’s most effective mechanism at tackling poverty and supporting social stability encouraging the high investment behind Africa’s fastest growing economy.

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Further Impacts

Equality: •Cash transfers can keep girls in school longer and can delay early marriage and childbirth. •Cash transfers targeted towards women can increase women’s control over family resources and help them gain more decision-making power within the household. •Improve realisation of rights for marginalised groups including children and the elderly.

Resilience/risk management: •Regular and predictable cash transfers enable people to protect assets against shock and prevent negative coping strategies, thus protecting longer term income potential and rapid recovery. •In situations of cyclical emergencies and protracted crises, moving towards institutionalised, predictable cash transfers in Kenya and Ethiopia has helped break the need for emergency food programmes

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ILO Social Protection Floor

• Lots of different vulnerable groups and risks – one programme is not enough to deal with all of them

• Need for a set of integrated measures addressing different types/levels of risks & vulnerabilities

• A systems approach

• Progressive realisation of a Social Protection Floor – income support for children, working age, old, disabled; and access to social services

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Child Sensitive Social Protection

Children at the core (very vulnerable and the key to reducing intergenerational transmission of poverty)Direct and indirect impacts (since part of a household)Avoid adverse impacts on children and reduce or mitigate direct social and economic risksIntervene as early as possible in order to prevent irreversible impairment or harm to childrenConsider age and gender specific risks and vulnerabilities Mitigate the effects of shocks, exclusion and poverty on familiesMake special provision to reach children who are particularly vulnerable and excluded Include the voices and opinions of children, their caregivers and youth in programme design

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Dispelling the Myths

Social protection is affordable: Even low income countries can afford a basic package of social protection, where scale up is managed incrementally as resources increase and impact of the investment is demonstrated.Enforcing conditions is not essential to achieve human development goals: Most African cash transfers have not linked cash transfers to obligations in terms of school attendance or health seeking behaviour, yet evidence shows that there are still positive effects on health, schooling and nutrition.Transfers do not create dependency: Well-designed cash transfers in developing countries do not create disincentives to work and save, in fact they have impact on livelihood promotion.

Including those provided to vulnerable people without labour such as old age pensions

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International Lessons

Importance of a systems approach: Social protection programs perform better if important interactions between them are exploited, making the overall system a well-coordinated and integrated sector addressing risks throughout the life cycle.

Importance of a long term perspective: To impact on poverty reduction social protection needs to be of sufficient value and coverage and be timely and predictable. Achieving timely transfers in low capacity environments is possible, with investments in capacity building and monitoring.

Importance of national ownership: Programs which have been taken to scale are those which are nationally owned from the beginning, rooted in the national development strategy, with strong commitment of central government.

No targeting approach is without error: However poverty targeting in low income countries is particularly challenging. It is likely that a mixture of targeting approaches will be needed

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Limitations

Social Protection can not do everything

Alignment with other complementary policies for livelihoods/employment; service delivery

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UNICEF Support on social protection

• Malawi: supported (financially and technically) the design and piloting of a social cash transfer programme. Built evidence around feasibility and impact of the pilot programme. Supported Government with resource mobilization efforts (both from national budget and external donors) to enable scale up and sustained implementation.

• Kenya: supported design, piloting and scale up of an OVC grant in Kenya, targeting households who had been severely affected by HIV/AIDS. UNICEF mobilized resources and supported building of systems through an automated Management Information System (MIS) to improve data management.

• Lesotho: supported design, piloting and scale up of a child grant social transfer programme which was fully absorbed into Government budget in 2013.