session 1 - malapit - preliminary weai baseline results
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Hazel Malapit (IFPRI) at "A Learning Event for the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index," held November 21, 2013 in Washington DC.TRANSCRIPT
PRELIMINARY
WEAI Baseline Results
Hazel Malapit, IFPRIWEAI Learning Event, Washington, DC, November 21, 2013
Compare WEAI and FTF indicators across 13 countries• Factors that might affect empowerment:
– Poverty– Income– Education
• Outcomes that might result from empowerment:– Household level indicators: household hunger score– Mother indicators: women’s dietary diversity score– Mother behavior: minimum acceptable diet, exclusive
breastfeeding– Child indicators: wasting, stunting, underweight
Overview
WEAI Scores
Country Region WEAI Score Ranking
Bangladesh Asia 0.66 Low
Cambodia Asia 0.98 High
Nepal Asia 0.80 Medium
Tajikistan Asia 0.69 Low
Haiti Latin America & Caribbean 0.85 High
Honduras Latin America & Caribbean 0.75 Medium
Kenya East Africa 0.72 Low
Rwanda East Africa 0.91 High
Uganda East Africa 0.86 High
Ghana West Africa 0.72 Low
Liberia West Africa 0.69 Low
Malawi Southern Africa 0.84 Medium
Zambia Southern Africa 0.80 Medium
Disempowerment scoresfor women
(1 – 5DE)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Dis
emp
ow
erm
ent
Ind
ex (
1 -
5D
E)
PovertyLess than $1.25/day, per capita PPP (USD)
Legend:
BANGLADESH
CAMBODIA
GHANA
HAITI*
HONDURAS
KENYA
LIBERIA
MALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA
TAJIKISTAN
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
WEA
I Sco
re
Population living on less than $1.25/day, %
IncomePer capita expenditure, USD
Legend:
BANGLADESH
CAMBODIA
GHANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
KENYA
LIBERIA
MALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA
TAJIKISTAN
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
WEA
I Sco
re
per capita expenditure, USD
EducationHighest household achievement
Legend:
Primary or no education Secondary education
BANGLADESH
CAMBODIA
GHANA KENYA
MALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA
ZAMBIA
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50
WEA
I Sco
re
Secondary education as highest level, %
BANGLADESH
CAMBODIA
GHANAKENYA
MALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA
ZAMBIA
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
55 65 75 85 95
WEA
I Sco
re
None or primary education as highest level, %
Household hunger scaleHouseholds experiencing moderate or severe hunger (score of 2 - 6)
Legend:*Households with less than
2,122 and 1,805 kcal/person/day
BANGLADESH*
CAMBODIA
GHANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
KENYA
LIBERIAMALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA
TAJIKISTAN
UGANDAZAMBIA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
Pre
vale
nce
of
ho
use
ho
lds
wit
h m
od
erat
e o
r se
vere
hu
nge
r, %
WEAI Score
Household hunger scaleComparison of empowered versus not yet empowered women
Legend: Empowered women; Not yet empowered women* Indicates statistically significant difference at 0.05 level
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
TAJIKISTAN RWANDA* UGANDA MALAWI ZAMBIA
Pre
vale
nce
, %
Women’s Dietary DiversityMean number of food groups consumed
(score 1-9)
Legend: * Indicates statistically
significant difference at 0.05 level
Legend: Empowered women; Not yet empowered women* Indicates statistically significant difference at 0.05 level
CAMBODIA
GHANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
KENYA*
MALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA*
TAJIKISTAN
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
Die
tary
Div
ersi
ty S
core
WEAI Score 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
TAJIKISTAN RWANDA* UGANDA MALAWI ZAMBIA
Die
tary
Div
ersi
ty S
core
Exclusive breastfeedingChildren < 6 months exclusively breastfed
Legend:
BANGLADESH
CAMBODIA
GHANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
KENYA
LIBERIA
MALAWINEPAL
RWANDA
TAJIKISTAN
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
Pre
vale
nce
of
excl
usi
ve b
reas
tfee
din
g, %
WEAI Score
Minimum Acceptable DietChildren 6-23 months receiving MAD
Legend:
BANGLADESH
CAMBODIA
GHANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
KENYA
LIBERIA
MALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA
TAJIKISTAN
UGANDAZAMBIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
Ch
ildre
n a
chie
vin
g m
inim
um
acc
epta
ble
die
t, %
WEAI Score
Child Wasting< 5 years with moderate and severe wasting
(weight-for-height)
Legend:
CAMBODIA
GHANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
KENYA
LIBERIA
MALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA
TAJIKISTAN
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
0
5
10
15
20
0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
Pre
vale
nce
of
child
ren
wit
h w
asti
ng,
%
WEAI Score
Child Stunting< 5 years with moderate and severe stunting
(height-for-age)
Legend:
CAMBODIA
GHANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
KENYALIBERIA
MALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA
TAJIKISTAN
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
Pre
vale
nce
of
child
ren
wit
h s
tun
tin
g, %
WEAI Score
Children Underweight< 5 years moderately and severely underweight
(weight-for-age)
Legend:
CAMBODIA
GHANA
HAITIHONDURAS
KENYA
LIBERIA
MALAWI
NEPAL
RWANDA
TAJIKISTAN
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
Pre
vale
nce
of
un
der
wei
ght
child
ren
, %
WEAI Score
Child Stunting, Wasting, & UnderweightComparison of empowered and not yet empowered women
Legend: Empowered women; Not yet empowered women* Indicates statistically significant difference at 0.05 level
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ZAMBIA UGANDA TAJIKISTAN
Pre
vale
nce
, %
Wasting
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
TAJIKISTAN UGANDA ZAMBIA
Stunting
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
TAJIKISTAN ZAMBIA UGANDA
Underweight
• WEAI scores associated with income (-) and education (primary [-], secondary [+])
• Strongest associations between WEAI and the hunger score and diet quality indicators
• Unclear relationships between WEAI and children’s nutritional status
• Women’s empowerment is only one piece of the puzzle – other intervening factors are likely to influence the desired outcomes
Summary
Any questions? Contact: Hazel Malapit: [email protected]
WEAI Resource Center: http://www.ifpri.org/book-
9075/ourwork/program/weai-resource-center
